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14 Commits
Author SHA1 Message Date
hermes-agent c345dab9c1 Merge pull request 'adapter: support OpenAI streaming (SSE) in /v1/chat/completions' (#1) from feat/adapter-streaming into main 2026-09-12 12:51:34 +02:00
hermes-agent 2d46eda619 adapter: support OpenAI streaming (SSE) in /v1/chat/completions
OpenCode's @ai-sdk/openai-compatible sends stream:true and would render an
empty response because the adapter always returned a single non-streaming
chat.completion JSON body. Now when stream:true, emit OpenAI-compatible SSE
chat.completion.chunk events (role, content, [DONE]) so streaming clients
render text. Non-streaming path unchanged.

Adds a local EchoServer test that exercises the streaming route end-to-end.
2026-09-12 10:50:47 +00:00
hermes-agent beb9b1b3ef Add temporary chat-request logging (diagnose SwiftChat error) 2026-09-11 18:44:45 +00:00
hermes-agent cb512a7f17 admin: serve the page without requiring the Bearer header
A browser opening /admin can't send an Authorization header, so the
admin page was unreachable (401 blank). Serve the HTML form openly — it
exposes no data — and let the in-page ADMIN_API_KEY field drive the
auth'd /admin/agents CRUD calls.
2026-09-11 15:36:15 +00:00
hermes-agent e4fdeb6b79 nixos-module: set RELEASE_COOKIE so the release starts
The Elixir release's start script reads releases/COOKIE which isn't baked
in, so the service crashed on boot (cat: releases/COOKIE: No such file).
Set RELEASE_COOKIE in the systemd Environment to fix startup.
2026-09-10 14:35:28 +00:00
hermes-agent 6b22171018 flake: fill mixFodDeps hash 2026-09-10 07:21:42 +00:00
hermes-agent f0112289e6 flake: add mixFodDeps (fetchMixDeps) for Hex deps 2026-09-10 07:17:56 +00:00
hermes-agent 72e18a0a0c Remove AGENTS env seeding; agents managed only via admin API
The store now starts empty and agents are added/removed exclusively through
the web admin page / admin API, persisted to AGENTS_FILE. No AGENTS env var
needed in the sops secret.
2026-09-10 07:06:26 +00:00
hermes-agent e2be3f652e Add web admin page to manage agents
GET /admin serves a self-contained HTML page (ADMIN_API_KEY protected)
that lists agents and lets you add/update/remove them via the admin API —
no redeploy needed to add an agent.
2026-09-10 06:59:08 +00:00
hermes-agent 490bd32322 Add admin API to manage agents at runtime
- AgentRegistry is now file-backed (AGENTS_FILE, default
  /var/lib/n8n-openai/agents.json): agents persist across restarts and
  can be added/removed without a redeploy.
- New admin endpoints (separate ADMIN_API_KEY):
    GET    /admin/agents
    POST   /admin/agents   {model, webhook}
    DELETE /admin/agents/:model
- AGENTS env only seeds the store on first boot; the file is authoritative.
- NixOS module sets AGENTS_FILE under the writable StateDirectory.
2026-09-10 06:46:05 +00:00
hermes-agent 1bfcba133a Add NixOS module for the adapter service
Export nixosModules.default so the service (systemd unit, service user,
sops secret) is defined in the flake, not re-declared in each host config.
Consume with imports = [ inputs.n8n-openai-adapter.nixosModules.default ]
+ services.n8n-openai-adapter = { enable = true; domain = ...; port = ...; }.
2026-09-10 06:36:44 +00:00
hermes-agent c3d024c16c Apply mix format 2026-09-09 21:46:16 +00:00
hermes-agent 1530a761d5 Add flake.lock pinning nixpkgs 2026-09-09 21:44:55 +00:00
hermes-agent 5197b6ece6 OpenAI-compatible adapter for n8n chat agents (Elixir)
Exposes self-hosted n8n chat agents behind /v1/chat/completions and
/v1/models. Model -> n8n webhook routing via a GenServer registry, so
multiple agents map to multiple models. Plug + Bandit, req for the
n8n webhook call, Bearer auth (ADAPTER_API_KEY). Ships a flake.nix
(beamPackages.mixRelease) so it can be consumed as a NixOS flake input.
2026-09-09 21:43:21 +00:00
477 changed files with 1181 additions and 117173 deletions
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lib/elixir/test/elixir/fixtures/*.txt text eol=lf
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/.eunit
/.release
/docs
/ebin
/lib/*/ebin/*
/lib/*/tmp
/lib/elixir/src/elixir.app.src
/lib/elixir/src/*_lexer.erl
/lib/elixir/src/*_parser.erl
/lib/elixir/test/ebin
/rel/elixir
.formatter.exs
/_build/
/cover/
/deps/
/doc/
/.fetch
erl_crash.dump
.elixir.plt
*.ez
n8n_openai_adapter-*.tar
/tmp/
/result
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language: erlang
script: "make compile && rm -rf .git && make test"
notifications:
irc: "irc.freenode.org#elixir-lang"
recipients:
- jose.valim@plataformatec.com.br
- eric.meadows.jonsson@gmail.com
otp_release:
- 17.0
- 17.1
- 17.3
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# Contributing to Elixir
Please take a moment to review this document in order to make the contribution
process easy and effective for everyone involved!
## Using the issue tracker
Use the issues tracker for:
* [bug reports](#bugs-reports)
* [submitting pull requests](#pull-requests)
Please **do not** use the issue tracker for personal support requests nor feature requests. Support requests should be sent to:
* [the elixir-talk mailing list](http://groups.google.com/group/elixir-lang-talk)
* [Stack Overflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/ask?tags=elixir)
* [#elixir-lang](irc://chat.freenode.net/elixir-lang)
Feature requests can be discussed on [the elixir-core mailing list](http://groups.google.com/group/elixir-lang-core).
We do our best to keep the issue tracker tidy and organized, making it useful
for everyone. For example, we classify open issues per application and perceived
difficulty of the issue, making it easier for developers to
[contribute to Elixir](#contributing).
## Bug reports
A bug is a _demonstrable problem_ that is caused by the code in the repository.
Good bug reports are extremely helpful - thank you!
Guidelines for bug reports:
1. **Use the GitHub issue search** — check if the issue has already been
reported.
2. **Check if the issue has been fixed** — try to reproduce it using the
`master` branch in the repository.
3. **Isolate and report the problem** — ideally create a reduced test
case.
Please try to be as detailed as possible in your report. Include information about
your Operating System, your Erlang and Elixir versions. Please provide steps to
reproduce the issue as well as the outcome you were expecting! All these details
will help developers to fix any potential bugs.
Example:
> Short and descriptive example bug report title
>
> A summary of the issue and the environment in which it occurs. If suitable,
> include the steps required to reproduce the bug.
>
> 1. This is the first step
> 2. This is the second step
> 3. Further steps, etc.
>
> `<url>` - a link to the reduced test case (e.g. a GitHub Gist)
>
> Any other information you want to share that is relevant to the issue being
> reported. This might include the lines of code that you have identified as
> causing the bug, and potential solutions (and your opinions on their
> merits).
## Feature requests
Feature requests are welcome and should be discussed on [the elixir-core mailing list](http://groups.google.com/group/elixir-lang-core). But take a moment to find
out whether your idea fits with the scope and aims of the project. It's up to *you*
to make a strong case to convince the community of the merits of this feature.
Please provide as much detail and context as possible.
## Contributing
We incentivize everyone to contribute to Elixir and help us tackle
existing issues! To do so, there are a few things you need to know
about the code. First, Elixir code is divided in applications inside
the `lib` folder:
* `elixir` - Contains Elixir's kernel and stdlib
* `eex` - Template engine that allows you to embed Elixir
* `ex_unit` - Simple test framework that ships with Elixir
* `iex` — IEx, Elixir's interactive shell
* `mix` — Elixir's build tool
You can run all tests in the root directory with `make test` and you can
also run tests for a specific framework `make test_#{NAME}`, for example,
`make test_ex_unit`.
In case you are changing a single file, you can compile and run tests only
for that particular file for fast development cycles. For example, if you
are changing the String module, you can compile it and run its tests as:
$ bin/elixirc lib/elixir/lib/string.ex -o lib/elixir/ebin
$ bin/elixir lib/elixir/test/elixir/string_test.exs
After your changes are done, please remember to run the full suite with
`make test`.
From time to time, your tests may fail in an existing Elixir checkout and
may require a clean start by running `make clean compile`. You can always
check [the official build status on Travis-CI](https://travis-ci.org/elixir-lang/elixir).
With tests running and passing, you are ready to contribute to Elixir and
send your pull requests.
## Contributing Documentation
Code documentation (`@doc`, `@moduledoc`, `@typedoc`) has a special convention:
the first paragraph is considered to be a short summary.
For functions, macros and callbacks say what it will do. For example write
something like:
```elixir
@doc """
Returns only those elements for which `fun` is true.
...
"""
def filter(collection, fun) ...
```
For modules, protocols and types say what it is. For example write
something like:
```elixir
defmodule File.Stat do
@moduledoc """
Information about a file.
...
"""
defstruct [...]
end
```
Keep in mind that the first paragraph might show up in a summary somewhere, long
texts in the first paragraph create very ugly summaries. As a rule of thumb
anything longer than 80 characters is too long.
Try to keep unneccesary details out of the first paragraph, it's only there to
give a user a quick idea of what the documented "thing" does/is. The rest of the
documentation string can contain the details, for example when a value and when
`nil` is returned.
If possible include examples, preferably in a form that works with doctests. For
example:
```elixir
@doc """
Return only those elements for which `fun` is true.
## Examples
iex> Enum.filter([1, 2, 3], fn(x) -> rem(x, 2) == 0 end)
[2]
"""
def filter(collection, fun) ...
```
This makes it easy to test the examples so that they don't go stale and examples
are often a great help in explaining what a function does.
## Pull requests
Good pull requests - patches, improvements, new features - are a fantastic
help. They should remain focused in scope and avoid containing unrelated
commits.
**IMPORTANT**: By submitting a patch, you agree that your work will be
licensed under the license used by the project.
If you have any large pull request in mind (e.g. implementing features,
refactoring code, etc), **please ask first** otherwise you risk spending
a lot of time working on something that the project's developers might
not want to merge into the project.
Please adhere to the coding conventions in the project (indentation,
accurate comments, etc.) and don't forget to add your own tests and
documentation. When working with git, we recommend the following process
in order to craft an excellent pull request:
1. [Fork](http://help.github.com/fork-a-repo/) the project, clone your fork,
and configure the remotes:
```bash
# Clone your fork of the repo into the current directory
git clone https://github.com/<your-username>/elixir
# Navigate to the newly cloned directory
cd elixir
# Assign the original repo to a remote called "upstream"
git remote add upstream https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir
```
2. If you cloned a while ago, get the latest changes from upstream:
```bash
git checkout master
git pull upstream master
```
3. Create a new topic branch (off of `master`) to contain your feature, change,
or fix.
**IMPORTANT**: Making changes in `master` is discouraged. You should always
keep your local `master` in sync with upstream `master` and make your
changes in topic branches.
```bash
git checkout -b <topic-branch-name>
```
4. Commit your changes in logical chunks. Keep your commit messages organized,
with a short description in the first line and more detailed information on
the following lines. Feel free to use Git's
[interactive rebase](https://help.github.com/articles/interactive-rebase)
feature to tidy up your commits before making them public.
5. Make sure all the tests are still passing.
```bash
make test
```
This command will compile the code in your branch and use that
version of Elixir to run the tests. This is needed to ensure your changes can
pass all the tests.
6. Push your topic branch up to your fork:
```bash
git push origin <topic-branch-name>
```
7. [Open a Pull Request](https://help.github.com/articles/using-pull-requests/)
with a clear title and description.
8. If you haven't updated your pull request for a while, you should consider
rebasing on master and resolving any conflicts.
**IMPORTANT**: _Never ever_ merge upstream `master` into your branches. You
should always `git rebase` on `master` to bring your changes up to date when
necessary.
```bash
git checkout master
git pull upstream master
git checkout <your-topic-branch>
git rebase master
```
We have saved some excellent pull requests we have received in the past in case
you are looking for some examples:
* https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/pull/992
* https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/pull/1058
* https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/pull/1059
Thank you for your contributions!
-8
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LEGAL NOTICE INFORMATION
------------------------
All the files in this distribution are covered under either Elixir's
license (see the file LICENSE) except the files mentioned below that
contains sections that are under Erlang's License (EPL):
lib/elixir/src/elixir_parser.erl (generated by build scripts)
-13
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Copyright 2012-2013 Plataformatec.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-211
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@@ -1,211 +0,0 @@
REBAR := rebar
DOCS := v1.0
ELIXIRC := bin/elixirc --verbose --ignore-module-conflict
ERLC := erlc -I lib/elixir/include
ERL := erl -I lib/elixir/include -noshell -pa lib/elixir/ebin
VERSION := $(strip $(shell cat VERSION))
Q := @
PREFIX := /usr/local
LIBDIR := lib
INSTALL = install
INSTALL_DIR = $(INSTALL) -m755 -d
INSTALL_DATA = $(INSTALL) -m644
INSTALL_PROGRAM = $(INSTALL) -m755
.PHONY: install compile erlang elixir build_plt clean_plt dialyze test clean docs release_docs release_zip check_erlang_release
.NOTPARALLEL: compile
#==> Functions
# This check should work for older versions like R16B
# as well as new verions like 17.1 and 18
define CHECK_ERLANG_RELEASE
$(Q) erl -noshell -eval 'io:fwrite("~s", [erlang:system_info(otp_release)])' -s erlang halt | grep -q '^1[789]'; \
if [ $$? != 0 ]; then \
echo "At least Erlang 17.0 is required to build Elixir"; \
exit 1; \
fi;
endef
define APP_TEMPLATE
$(1): lib/$(1)/ebin/Elixir.$(2).beam lib/$(1)/ebin/$(1).app
lib/$(1)/ebin/$(1).app: lib/$(1)/mix.exs
$(Q) mkdir -p lib/$(1)/_build/shared/lib/$(1)
$(Q) cp -R lib/$(1)/ebin lib/$(1)/_build/shared/lib/$(1)/
$(Q) cd lib/$(1) && ../../bin/elixir -e 'Mix.start(:permanent, [])' -r mix.exs -e 'Mix.Task.run("compile.app")'
$(Q) cp lib/$(1)/_build/shared/lib/$(1)/ebin/$(1).app lib/$(1)/ebin/$(1).app
$(Q) rm -rf lib/$(1)/_build
lib/$(1)/ebin/Elixir.$(2).beam: $(wildcard lib/$(1)/lib/*.ex) $(wildcard lib/$(1)/lib/*/*.ex) $(wildcard lib/$(1)/lib/*/*/*.ex)
@ echo "==> $(1) (compile)"
@ rm -rf lib/$(1)/ebin
$(Q) cd lib/$(1) && ../../$$(ELIXIRC) "lib/**/*.ex" -o ebin
test_$(1): $(1)
@ echo "==> $(1) (exunit)"
$(Q) cd lib/$(1) && ../../bin/elixir -r "test/test_helper.exs" -pr "test/**/*_test.exs";
endef
#==> Compilation tasks
KERNEL:=lib/elixir/ebin/Elixir.Kernel.beam
UNICODE:=lib/elixir/ebin/Elixir.String.Unicode.beam
default: compile
compile: lib/elixir/src/elixir.app.src erlang elixir
lib/elixir/src/elixir.app.src: src/elixir.app.src
$(Q) $(call CHECK_ERLANG_RELEASE)
$(Q) rm -rf lib/elixir/src/elixir.app.src
$(Q) echo "%% This file is automatically generated from <project_root>/src/elixir.app.src" \
>lib/elixir/src/elixir.app.src
$(Q) cat src/elixir.app.src >>lib/elixir/src/elixir.app.src
erlang:
$(Q) cd lib/elixir && ../../$(REBAR) compile
# Since Mix depends on EEx and EEx depends on
# Mix, we first compile EEx without the .app
# file, then mix and then compile EEx fully
elixir: stdlib lib/eex/ebin/Elixir.EEx.beam mix ex_unit logger eex iex
stdlib: $(KERNEL) VERSION
$(KERNEL): lib/elixir/lib/*.ex lib/elixir/lib/*/*.ex lib/elixir/lib/*/*/*.ex
$(Q) if [ ! -f $(KERNEL) ]; then \
echo "==> bootstrap (compile)"; \
$(ERL) -s elixir_compiler core -s erlang halt; \
fi
@ echo "==> elixir (compile)";
$(Q) cd lib/elixir && ../../$(ELIXIRC) "lib/kernel.ex" -o ebin;
$(Q) cd lib/elixir && ../../$(ELIXIRC) "lib/**/*.ex" -o ebin;
$(Q) $(MAKE) unicode
$(Q) rm -rf lib/elixir/ebin/elixir.app
$(Q) cd lib/elixir && ../../$(REBAR) compile
unicode: $(UNICODE)
$(UNICODE): lib/elixir/unicode/*
@ echo "==> unicode (compile)";
@ echo "Embedding the Unicode database... (this may take a while)"
$(Q) cd lib/elixir && ../../$(ELIXIRC) unicode/unicode.ex -o ebin;
$(eval $(call APP_TEMPLATE,ex_unit,ExUnit))
$(eval $(call APP_TEMPLATE,logger,Logger))
$(eval $(call APP_TEMPLATE,eex,EEx))
$(eval $(call APP_TEMPLATE,mix,Mix))
$(eval $(call APP_TEMPLATE,iex,IEx))
install: compile
@ echo "==> elixir (install)"
$(Q) for dir in lib/*; do \
$(INSTALL_DIR) "$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/$(LIBDIR)/elixir/$$dir/ebin"; \
$(INSTALL_DATA) $$dir/ebin/* "$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/$(LIBDIR)/elixir/$$dir/ebin"; \
done
$(Q) $(INSTALL_DIR) "$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/$(LIBDIR)/elixir/bin"
$(Q) $(INSTALL_PROGRAM) $(filter-out %.ps1, $(filter-out %.bat, $(wildcard bin/*))) "$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/$(LIBDIR)/elixir/bin"
$(Q) $(INSTALL_DIR) "$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/bin"
$(Q) for file in "$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)"/$(LIBDIR)/elixir/bin/* ; do \
ln -sf "../$(LIBDIR)/elixir/bin/$${file##*/}" "$(DESTDIR)$(PREFIX)/bin/" ; \
done
clean:
cd lib/elixir && ../../$(REBAR) clean
rm -rf ebin
rm -rf lib/*/ebin
rm -rf lib/elixir/test/ebin
rm -rf lib/*/tmp
rm -rf lib/mix/test/fixtures/git_repo
rm -rf lib/mix/test/fixtures/deps_on_git_repo
rm -rf lib/mix/test/fixtures/git_rebar
rm -rf lib/elixir/src/elixir.app.src
clean_exbeam:
$(Q) rm -f lib/*/ebin/Elixir.*.beam
#==> Release tasks
SOURCE_REF = $(shell head="$$(git rev-parse HEAD)" tag="$$(git tag --points-at $$head | tail -1)" ; echo "$${tag:-$$head}\c")
DOCS = bin/elixir ../ex_doc/bin/ex_doc "$(1)" "$(VERSION)" "lib/$(2)/ebin" -m "$(3)" -u "https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir" --source-ref "$(call SOURCE_REF)" -o docs/$(2) -p http://elixir-lang.org/docs.html
docs: compile ../ex_doc/bin/ex_doc
$(Q) rm -rf docs
$(call DOCS,Elixir,elixir,Kernel)
$(call DOCS,EEx,eex,EEx)
$(call DOCS,Mix,mix,Mix)
$(call DOCS,IEx,iex,IEx)
$(call DOCS,ExUnit,ex_unit,ExUnit)
$(call DOCS,Logger,logger,Logger)
../ex_doc/bin/ex_doc:
@ echo "ex_doc is not found in ../ex_doc as expected. See README for more information."
@ false
release_zip: compile
rm -rf v$(VERSION).zip
zip -9 -r v$(VERSION).zip bin CHANGELOG.md LEGAL lib/*/ebin LICENSE Makefile README.md VERSION
release_docs: docs
cd ../docs
rm -rf ../docs/$(DOCS)
mv docs ../docs/$(DOCS)
# This task requires aws-cli to be installed and set up for access to s3.hex.pm
# See: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-getting-set-up.html
publish_mix: compile
cd lib/mix && MIX_ENV=prod mix escript.build
aws s3 cp lib/mix/mix s3://s3.hex.pm/builds/mix/v$(VERSION)/mix --acl public-read
aws s3 cp lib/mix/mix s3://s3.hex.pm/builds/mix/mix --acl public-read
rm lib/mix/mix
rm -rf lib/mix/_build
#==> Tests tasks
test: test_erlang test_elixir
TEST_ERL = lib/elixir/test/erlang
TEST_EBIN = lib/elixir/test/ebin
TEST_ERLS = $(addprefix $(TEST_EBIN)/, $(addsuffix .beam, $(basename $(notdir $(wildcard $(TEST_ERL)/*.erl)))))
test_erlang: compile $(TEST_ERLS)
@ echo "==> elixir (eunit)"
$(Q) $(ERL) -pa $(TEST_EBIN) -s test_helper test;
@ echo ""
$(TEST_EBIN)/%.beam: $(TEST_ERL)/%.erl
$(Q) mkdir -p $(TEST_EBIN)
$(Q) $(ERLC) -o $(TEST_EBIN) $<
test_elixir: test_stdlib test_ex_unit test_logger test_doc_test test_mix test_eex test_iex
test_doc_test: compile
@ echo "==> doctest (exunit)"
$(Q) cd lib/elixir && ../../bin/elixir -r "test/doc_test.exs";
test_stdlib: compile
@ echo "==> elixir (exunit)"
$(Q) exec epmd & exit
$(Q) if [ "$(OS)" = "Windows_NT" ]; then \
cd lib/elixir && cmd //C call ../../bin/elixir.bat -r "test/elixir/test_helper.exs" -pr "test/elixir/**/*_test.exs"; \
else \
cd lib/elixir && ../../bin/elixir -r "test/elixir/test_helper.exs" -pr "test/elixir/**/*_test.exs"; \
fi
#==> Dialyzer tasks
DIALYZER_OPTS = --no_check_plt --fullpath -Werror_handling -Wunmatched_returns -Wunderspecs
PLT = .elixir.plt
$(PLT):
@ echo "==> Building PLT with Elixir's dependencies..."
$(Q) dialyzer --output_plt $(PLT) --build_plt --apps erts kernel stdlib compiler syntax_tools parsetools tools ssl inets
clean_plt:
$(Q) rm -f $(PLT)
build_plt: clean_plt $(PLT)
dialyze: compile $(PLT)
@ echo "==> Dialyzing Elixir..."
$(Q) dialyzer --plt $(PLT) $(DIALYZER_OPTS) lib/*/ebin
+73 -38
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![Elixir](https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir-lang.github.com/raw/master/images/logo/logo.png)
=========
[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/elixir-lang/elixir.svg?branch=master "Build Status")](http://travis-ci.org/elixir-lang/elixir)
# n8n-openai-adapter
For more about Elixir, installation and documentation, [check Elixir's website](http://elixir-lang.org/).
An OpenAI-compatible HTTP adapter that exposes self-hosted **n8n chat agents**
behind a standard `/v1/chat/completions` API, so any OpenAI client (Cursor,
LibreChat, the `openai` SDK, a custom app) can talk to your n8n agents as if
they were OpenAI models.
## Usage
n8n itself does **not** ship an inbound OpenAI-compatible endpoint (its "AI
Gateway" is an outbound proxy to n8n Cloud). This small Elixir service is the
bridge: one `/v1/chat/completions` endpoint, routed to whichever n8n agent you
name in the `model` field.
If you want to contribute to Elixir or run it from source, clone this repository to your machine, compile and test it:
## How it works
$ git clone https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir.git
$ cd elixir
$ make clean test
```
Your OpenAI client
POST /v1/chat/completions {"model":"scholar-agent","thread_id":"abc","messages":[...]}
|
v
n8n-openai-adapter (Plug + Bandit)
- authorize (Bearer <ADAPTER_API_KEY>)
- look up "scholar-agent" -> n8n chat webhook URL (AgentRegistry GenServer)
- take the last user message
- forward to the n8n webhook {sessionId: thread_id, action: sendMessage, chatInput}
|
v
n8n agent (its MCP tools, memory, etc. run as usual)
|
v
returns OpenAI-shaped {"choices":[{"message":{"role":"assistant","content":...}}]}
```
> Note: if you are running on Windows, [this article includes important notes for compiling Elixir from source on Windows](https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/wiki/Windows).
Multiple agents = multiple `model` names, each mapped to a different n8n webhook
in the `AGENTS` env var.
If Elixir fails to build (specifically when pulling in a new version via git), be sure to remove any previous build artifacts by running `make clean`, then `make test`.
## Configuration (env vars)
If tests pass, you are ready to move on to the [Getting Started guide][1] or to try Interactive Elixir by running: `bin/iex` in your terminal.
| Var | Required | Purpose |
|------------------|----------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
| `ADAPTER_API_KEY`| yes | Bearer key that OpenAI clients send. |
| `ADMIN_API_KEY` | yes | Bearer key for the admin API / web admin page. |
| `AGENTS_FILE` | no | Path to the JSON store (default `/var/lib/n8n-openai/agents.json`). |
| `PORT` | no | HTTP port (default `8000`). |
| `CHAT_WEBHOOK_BASIC` | no | `"user:password"` if your n8n Chat Trigger is Basic-auth protected. |
However, if tests fail, it is likely you have an outdated Erlang version (Elixir requires Erlang 17.0 or later). You can check your Erlang version by calling `erl` in the command line. You will see some information as follows:
Agents are **not** configured via env — they're managed at runtime through the
web admin page / admin API and persisted to `AGENTS_FILE`. The store starts
empty; add agents after boot.
Erlang/OTP 17 [erts-6.0] [source-07b8f44] [64-bit] [smp:4:4] [async-threads:10] [hipe] [kernel-poll:false]
## Admin API (manage agents at runtime)
If you have the correct version and tests still fail, feel free to [open an issue][2].
Agents are persisted to `AGENTS_FILE` and can be added/removed without a
redeploy, using the `ADMIN_API_KEY`:
## Building documentation
```bash
# list
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $ADMIN_API_KEY" https://openai.bueso.eu/admin/agents
Building the documentation requires [ex_doc](https://github.com/elixir-lang/ex_doc) to be installed and built in the same containing folder as elixir.
# add / update an agent
curl -X POST -H "Authorization: Bearer $ADMIN_API_KEY" -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{"model":"media-agent","webhook":"https://n8n.bueso.eu/webhook/<id>/chat"}' \
https://openai.bueso.eu/admin/agents
# After cloning and compiling Elixir
$ git clone git://github.com/elixir-lang/ex_doc.git
$ cd ex_doc && ../elixir/bin/mix compile
$ cd ../elixir && make docs
# remove
curl -X DELETE -H "Authorization: Bearer $ADMIN_API_KEY" \
https://openai.bueso.eu/admin/agents/media-agent
```
## Contributing
The store is authoritative and persists across restarts; no env config needed.
We appreciate any contribution to Elixir, so check out our [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) guide for more information. We usually keep a list of features and bugs [in the issue tracker][2].
## Building & running
## Important links
```bash
mix deps.get
mix compile
ADAPTER_API_KEY=secret AGENTS='{"scholar-agent":"https://n8n.bueso.eu/webhook/<id>/chat"}' \
PORT=8000 mix run --no-halt
```
* \#elixir-lang on freenode IRC
* [Website][1]
* [Issue tracker][2]
* [elixir-talk Mailing list (questions)][3]
* [elixir-core Mailing list (development)][4]
## Testing
[1]: http://elixir-lang.org
[2]: https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/issues
[3]: http://groups.google.com/group/elixir-lang-talk
[4]: http://groups.google.com/group/elixir-lang-core
```bash
MIX_ENV=test mix test
```
## License
## Nix
"Elixir" and the Elixir logo are copyright (c) 2012 Plataformatec.
The repo ships a `flake.nix` exporting `overlays.default` and a `packages.default`
(the packaged BEAM release), so it can be consumed as a flake input from your
NixOS config just like any other flake — e.g.:
Elixir source code is released under Apache 2 License with some parts under Erlang's license (EPL).
Check [LEGAL](LEGAL) and [LICENSE](LICENSE) files for more information.
```nix
inputs.n8n-openai-adapter.url = "git+https://gitea.bueso.eu/<owner>/n8n-openai-adapter";
```
-43
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@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
# Release process
## All releases
This document simply outlines the release process:
1. Ensure you are running on the oldest supported Erlang version
2. Remove all `-dev` extension from versions (see below for all files)
3. Ensure CHANGELOG is updated and add current date
4. Commit changes above with title "Release vVERSION" and generate new tag
5. Run `make clean test` to ensure all tests pass from scratch and the CI is green
6. Ensure minimum supported Hex works with new release (instructions upcoming)
7. Push master and the new tag
8. Release new docs with `make release_docs`, move docs to `docs/stable` if appropriate, and push
9. Release new zip with `make release_zip`, push `Precompiled.zip` to GitHub Releases
10. Add the release to `elixir.csv` file in `elixir-lang/elixir-lang.github.com`
11. Build and push standalone Mix with `make publish_mix` (requires AWS credentials)
## New vMAJOR.MINOR releases
11. Create a new branch "vMAJOR.MINOR"
12. Move docs generation to `docs/vOLD-MAJOR.OLD-MINOR` and copy them to `docs/stable`
13. Bump versions, start new CHANGELOG, add `-dev` back and commit "Start vVERSION+1"
14. `make release_docs` and push it to `elixir-lang/docs`
## Places where version is mentioned
* VERSION (make sure there is no newline in this file)
* CHANGELOG.md
* src/elixir.app.src (not lib/elixir/src/elixir.app.src)
-1
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@@ -1 +0,0 @@
1.0.2
-100
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@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
if [ $# -eq 0 ] || [ "$1" = "--help" ] || [ "$1" = "-h" ]; then
echo "Usage: `basename $0` [options] [.exs file] [data]
-v Prints version and exit
-e \"command\" Evaluates the given command (*)
-r \"file\" Requires the given files/patterns (*)
-S \"script\"   Finds and executes the given script
-pr \"file\" Requires the given files/patterns in parallel (*)
-pa \"path\" Prepends the given path to Erlang code path (*)
-pz \"path\" Appends the given path to Erlang code path (*)
--app \"app\" Start the given app and its dependencies (*)
--erl \"switches\" Switches to be passed down to erlang (*)
--name \"name\" Makes and assigns a name to the distributed node
--sname \"name\" Makes and assigns a short name to the distributed node
--cookie \"cookie\" Sets a cookie for this distributed node
--hidden Makes a hidden node
--detached Starts the Erlang VM detached from console
--no-halt Does not halt the Erlang VM after execution
** Options marked with (*) can be given more than once
** Options given after the .exs file or -- are passed down to the executed code
** Options can be passed to the erlang runtime using ELIXIR_ERL_OPTIONS or --erl" >&2
exit 1
fi
readlink_f () {
cd "$(dirname "$1")" > /dev/null
filename="$(basename "$1")"
if [ -h "$filename" ]; then
readlink_f "$(readlink "$filename")"
else
echo "`pwd -P`/$filename"
fi
}
MODE="elixir"
ERL=""
I=1
while [ $I -le $# ]; do
S=1
eval "PEEK=\${$I}"
case "$PEEK" in
+iex)
MODE="iex"
;;
+elixirc)
MODE="elixirc"
;;
-v|--compile|--no-halt)
;;
-e|-r|-pr|-pa|-pz|--remsh|--app)
S=2
;;
--detached|--hidden)
ERL="$ERL `echo $PEEK | cut -c 2-`"
;;
--cookie)
I=$(expr $I + 1)
eval "VAL=\${$I}"
ERL="$ERL -setcookie "$VAL""
;;
--sname|--name)
I=$(expr $I + 1)
eval "VAL=\${$I}"
ERL="$ERL `echo $PEEK | cut -c 2-` "$VAL""
;;
--erl)
I=$(expr $I + 1)
eval "VAL=\${$I}"
ERL="$ERL "$VAL""
;;
*)
break
;;
esac
I=$(expr $I + $S)
done
SELF=$(readlink_f "$0")
SCRIPT_PATH=$(dirname "$SELF")
if [ "$OSTYPE" = "cygwin" ]; then SCRIPT_PATH=$(cygpath -m "$SCRIPT_PATH"); fi
if [ "$MODE" != "iex" ]; then ERL="-noshell -s elixir start_cli $ERL"; fi
# Check for terminal support
if [ "$OS" != "Windows_NT" ]; then
if test -t 1 -a -t 2; then ERL="-elixir ansi_enabled true $ERL"; fi
fi
if [ -z "$ERL_PATH" ]; then
if [ -f "$SCRIPT_PATH/../releases/RELEASES" ] && [ -f "$SCRIPT_PATH/erl" ]; then
ERL_PATH="$SCRIPT_PATH"/erl
else
ERL_PATH=erl
fi
fi
exec "$ERL_PATH" -pa "$SCRIPT_PATH"/../lib/*/ebin $ELIXIR_ERL_OPTIONS $ERL -extra "$@"
-106
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@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
@echo off
setlocal
if "%1"=="" goto documentation
if "%1"=="--help" goto documentation
if "%1"=="-h" goto documentation
if "%1"=="/h" goto documentation
goto parseopts
:documentation
echo Usage: %~nx0 [options] [.exs file] [data]
echo.
echo -v Prints version and exit
echo -e command Evaluates the given command (*)
echo -r file Requires the given files/patterns (*)
echo -S script Finds and executes the given script
echo -pr file Requires the given files/patterns in parallel (*)
echo -pa path Prepends the given path to Erlang code path (*)
echo -pz path Appends the given path to Erlang code path (*)
echo --app app Start the given app and its dependencies (*)
echo --erl switches Switches to be passed down to erlang (*)
echo --name name Makes and assigns a name to the distributed node
echo --sname name Makes and assigns a short name to the distributed node
echo --cookie cookie Sets a cookie for this distributed node
echo --hidden Makes a hidden node
echo --detached Starts the Erlang VM detached from console
echo --werl Uses Erlang's Windows shell GUI
echo --no-halt Does not halt the Erlang VM after execution
echo.
echo ** Options marked with (*) can be given more than once
echo ** Options given after the .exs file or -- are passed down to the executed code
echo ** Options can be passed to the erlang runtime using ELIXIR_ERL_OPTIONS or --erl
goto end
:parseopts
rem Parameters for Erlang
set parsErlang=
rem Make sure we keep a copy of all parameters
set allPars=%*
rem Get the original path name from the batch file
set originPath=%~dp0
rem Optional parameters before the "-extra" parameter
set beforeExtra=
rem Flag which determines whether or not to use werl vs erl
set useWerl=0
rem Designates which mode / Elixir component to run as
set runMode="elixir"
rem Recursive loop called for each parameter that parses the cmd line parameters
:startloop
set par="%1"
shift
if "%par%"=="" (
rem if no parameters defined
goto :expand_erl_libs
)
if "%par%"=="""" (
rem if no parameters defined - special case for parameter that is already quoted
goto :expand_erl_libs
)
rem ******* EXECUTION OPTIONS **********************
IF "%par%"==""--werl"" (Set useWerl=1)
IF "%par%"==""+iex"" (Set runMode="iex")
rem ******* elixir parameters **********************
rem Note: we don't have to do anything with options that don't take an argument
IF """"=="%par:-e=%" (shift)
IF """"=="%par:-r=%" (shift)
IF """"=="%par:-pr=%" (shift)
IF """"=="%par:-pa=%" (shift)
IF """"=="%par:-pz=%" (shift)
IF """"=="%par:--app=%" (shift)
IF """"=="%par:--remsh=%" (shift)
rem ******* ERLANG PARAMETERS **********************
IF """"=="%par:--detached=%" (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -detached)
IF """"=="%par:--hidden=%" (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -hidden)
IF """"=="%par:--cookie=%" (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -setcookie %1 && shift)
IF """"=="%par:--sname=%" (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -sname %1 && shift)
IF """"=="%par:--name=%" (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -name %1 && shift)
IF """"=="%par:--erl=%" (Set beforeExtra=%beforeExtra% %~1 && shift)
goto:startloop
rem ******* assume all pre-params are parsed ********************
:expand_erl_libs
rem ******* expand all ebin paths as Windows does not support the ..\*\ebin wildcard ********************
SETLOCAL enabledelayedexpansion
set ext_libs=
for /d %%d in ("%originPath%..\lib\*.") do (
set ext_libs=!ext_libs! -pa "%%~fd\ebin"
)
SETLOCAL disabledelayedexpansion
:run
IF NOT %runMode% == "iex" (
set beforeExtra=-s elixir start_cli %beforeExtra%
)
IF %useWerl% EQU 1 (
start werl.exe %ext_libs% %ELIXIR_ERL_OPTIONS% %parsErlang% %beforeExtra% -extra %*
) ELSE (
erl.exe %ext_libs% -noshell %ELIXIR_ERL_OPTIONS% %parsErlang% %beforeExtra% -extra %*
)
:end
endlocal
-30
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@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
if [ $# -eq 0 ] || [ "$1" = "--help" ] || [ "$1" = "-h" ]; then
echo "Usage: `basename $0` [elixir switches] [compiler switches] [.ex files]
-o The directory to output compiled files
--no-docs Do not attach documentation to compiled modules
--no-debug-info Do not attach debug info to compiled modules
--ignore-module-conflict
--warnings-as-errors Treat warnings as errors and return non-zero exit code
--verbose Print informational messages.
** Options given after -- are passed down to the executed code
** Options can be passed to the erlang runtime using ELIXIR_ERL_OPTIONS
** Options can be passed to the erlang compiler using ERL_COMPILER_OPTIONS" >&2
exit 1
fi
readlink_f () {
cd "$(dirname "$1")" > /dev/null
filename="$(basename "$1")"
if [ -h "$filename" ]; then
readlink_f "$(readlink "$filename")"
else
echo "`pwd -P`/$filename"
fi
}
SELF=$(readlink_f "$0")
SCRIPT_PATH=$(dirname "$SELF")
exec "$SCRIPT_PATH"/elixir +elixirc "$@"
-26
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@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
@echo off
set argc=0
for %%A in (%*) do (
if "%%A"=="--help" goto documentation
if "%%A"=="-h" goto documentation
if "%%A"=="/h" goto documentation
set /A argc+=1
)
if %argc%==0 goto documentation
goto run
:documentation
echo Usage: %~nx0 [elixir switches] [compiler switches] [.ex files]
echo.
echo -o The directory to output compiled files
echo --no-docs Do not attach documentation to compiled modules
echo --no-debug-info Do not attach debug info to compiled modules
echo --ignore-module-conflict
echo --warnings-as-errors Treat warnings as errors and return non-zero exit code
echo --verbose Print informational messages.
echo.
echo ** Options given after -- are passed down to the executed code
echo ** Options can be passed to the erlang runtime using ELIXIR_ERL_OPTIONS
echo ** Options can be passed to the erlang compiler using ERL_COMPILER_OPTIONS >&2
:run
call "%~dp0\elixir.bat" +elixirc %*
-43
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@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
if [ $# -gt 0 ] && ([ "$1" = "--help" ] || [ "$1" = "-h" ]); then
echo "Usage: `basename $0` [options] [.exs file] [data]
-v Prints version
-e \"command\" Evaluates the given command (*)
-r \"file\" Requires the given files/patterns (*)
-S \"script\"   Finds and executes the given script
-pr \"file\" Requires the given files/patterns in parallel (*)
-pa \"path\" Prepends the given path to Erlang code path (*)
-pz \"path\" Appends the given path to Erlang code path (*)
--app \"app\" Start the given app and its dependencies (*)
--erl \"switches\" Switches to be passed down to erlang (*)
--name \"name\" Makes and assigns a name to the distributed node
--sname \"name\" Makes and assigns a short name to the distributed node
--cookie \"cookie\" Sets a cookie for this distributed node
--hidden Makes a hidden node
--detached Starts the Erlang VM detached from console
--remsh \"name\" Connects to a node using a remote shell
--dot-iex \"path\" Overrides default .iex.exs file and uses path instead;
path can be empty, then no file will be loaded
** Options marked with (*) can be given more than once
** Options given after the .exs file or -- are passed down to the executed code
** Options can be passed to the VM using ELIXIR_ERL_OPTIONS or --erl" >&2
exit 1
fi
readlink_f () {
cd "$(dirname "$1")" > /dev/null
filename="$(basename "$1")"
if [ -h "$filename" ]; then
readlink_f "$(readlink "$filename")"
else
echo "`pwd -P`/$filename"
fi
}
SELF=$(readlink_f "$0")
SCRIPT_PATH=$(dirname "$SELF")
if [ "$OS" = "Windows_NT" ]; then NOSHELL="-noshell "; fi
exec "$SCRIPT_PATH"/elixir --no-halt --erl "$NOSHELL -user Elixir.IEx.CLI" +iex "$@"
-2
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@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
@echo off
call "%~dp0\elixir.bat" +iex --erl "-user Elixir.IEx.CLI" --no-halt %*
-4
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@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env elixir
# Reminder: apply any changes in this file to bin\mix.bat
Mix.start
Mix.CLI.main
-2
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@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
@echo off
call "%~dp0\elixir.bat" -e Mix.start -e Mix.CLI.main %*
-23
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@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
# Store path to mix.bat as a FileInfo object
$mixBatPath = (Get-ChildItem (((Get-ChildItem $MyInvocation.MyCommand.Path).Directory.FullName) + '\mix.bat'))
$newArgs = @()
for ($i = 0; $i -lt $args.length; $i++)
{
if ($args[$i] -is [array])
{
# Commas created the array so we need to reintroduce those commas
for ($j = 0; $j -lt $args[$i].length - 1; $j++)
{
$newArgs += ($args[$i][$j] + ',')
}
$newArgs += $args[$i][-1]
}
else
{
$newArgs += $args[$i]
}
}
# Corrected arguments are ready to pass to batch file
& $mixBatPath $newArgs
+7
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@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
import Config
import_config "#{config_env()}.exs"
if config_env() == :test do
config :logger, level: :warning
end
+3
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@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
import Config
# Dev: no special config — all runtime settings come from env vars.
+5
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@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
import Config
# Production: no hardcoded values here. All runtime config (PORT, AGENTS,
# ADAPTER_API_KEY, CHAT_WEBHOOK_BASIC) comes from the systemd EnvironmentFile
# in the NixOS service module.
+7
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@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
import Config
# Test environment: the app starts with an empty agent store (no AGENTS env
# seeding — agents are managed via the admin API). ADAPTER_API_KEY /
# ADMIN_API_KEY are set in test/test_helper.exs. AGENTS_FILE must be set HERE
# (config loads before the app boots) to a writable tmp path.
System.put_env("AGENTS_FILE", Path.join(System.tmp_dir!(), "n8n-openai-test-agents.json"))
Generated
+27
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@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
{
"nodes": {
"nixpkgs": {
"locked": {
"lastModified": 1788881743,
"narHash": "sha256-2V9GZGvPfrNzxFozhI9dcqV+c3QdA8YZrvAAzqEB+dI=",
"owner": "NixOS",
"repo": "nixpkgs",
"rev": "d6524aaca2ff07876657ae2b323f24be4874944b",
"type": "github"
},
"original": {
"owner": "NixOS",
"ref": "nixos-unstable",
"repo": "nixpkgs",
"type": "github"
}
},
"root": {
"inputs": {
"nixpkgs": "nixpkgs"
}
}
},
"root": "root",
"version": 7
}
+48
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@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
{
description = "OpenAI-compatible adapter exposing n8n chat agents behind /v1/chat/completions";
inputs = {
nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";
};
outputs =
{ self, nixpkgs, ... }:
let
supportedSystems = [
"x86_64-linux"
"aarch64-linux"
];
forAllSystems = nixpkgs.lib.genAttrs supportedSystems;
in
{
packages = forAllSystems (
system:
let
pkgs = import nixpkgs { inherit system; };
beamPackages = pkgs.beamPackages;
in
{
default = beamPackages.mixRelease {
pname = "n8n-openai-adapter";
version = "0.1.0";
src = self;
mixFodDeps = beamPackages.fetchMixDeps {
pname = "n8n-openai-adapter";
version = "0.1.0";
src = self;
hash = "sha256-sdAhpZUeF33V9xjEa/z/aTmCllfetMjO/1XyfJfUNao=";
};
};
}
);
overlays.default = final: prev: {
n8n-openai-adapter = self.packages.${final.stdenv.system}.default;
};
# Proper NixOS module: consume with
# imports = [ inputs.n8n-openai-adapter.nixosModules.default ];
# services.n8n-openai-adapter = { enable = true; domain = "..."; port = 8134; };
nixosModules.default = import ./nixos-module.nix;
};
}
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@@ -1,219 +0,0 @@
defmodule EEx.SyntaxError do
defexception [:message, :file, :line]
def message(exception) do
"#{exception.file}:#{exception.line}: #{exception.message}"
end
end
defmodule EEx do
@moduledoc ~S"""
EEx stands for Embedded Elixir. It allows you to embed
Elixir code inside a string in a robust way:
iex> EEx.eval_string "foo <%= bar %>", [bar: "baz"]
"foo baz"
## API
This module provides 3 main APIs for you to use:
1. Evaluate a string (`eval_string`) or a file (`eval_file`)
directly. This is the simplest API to use but also the
slowest, since the code is evaluated and not compiled before.
2. Define a function from a string (`function_from_string`)
or a file (`function_from_file`). This allows you to embed
the template as a function inside a module which will then
be compiled. This is the preferred API if you have access
to the template at compilation time.
3. Compile a string (`compile_string`) or a file (`compile_file`)
into Elixir syntax tree. This is the API used by both functions
above and is available to you if you want to provide your own
ways of handling the compiled template.
## Options
All functions in this module accepts EEx-related options.
They are:
* `:line` - the line to be used as the template start. Defaults to 1.
* `:file` - the file to be used in the template. Defaults to the given
file the template is read from or to "nofile" when compiling from a string.
* `:engine` - the EEx engine to be used for compilation.
## Engine
EEx has the concept of engines which allows you to modify or
transform the code extracted from the given string or file.
By default, `EEx` uses the `EEx.SmartEngine` that provides some
conveniences on top of the simple `EEx.Engine`.
### Tags
`EEx.SmartEngine` supports the following tags:
<% Elixir expression - inline with output %>
<%= Elixir expression - replace with result %>
<%% EEx quotation - returns the contents inside %>
<%# Comments - they are discarded from source %>
All expressions that output something to the template
**must** use the equals sign (`=`). Since everything in
Elixir is a macro, there are no exceptions for this rule.
For example, while some template languages would special-
case `if` clauses, they are treated the same in EEx and
also require `=` in order to have their result printed:
<%= if true do %>
It is obviously true
<% else %>
This will never appear
<% end %>
Notice that different engines may have different rules
for each tag. Other tags may be added in future versions.
### Macros
`EEx.SmartEngine` also adds some macros to your template.
An example is the `@` macro which allows easy data access
in a template:
iex> EEx.eval_string "<%= @foo %>", assigns: [foo: 1]
"1"
In other words, `<%= @foo %>` is simply translated to:
<%= Dict.get assigns, :foo %>
The assigns extension is useful when the number of variables
required by the template is not specified at compilation time.
"""
@doc """
Generates a function definition from the string.
The kind (`:def` or `:defp`) must be given, the
function name, its arguments and the compilation options.
## Examples
iex> defmodule Sample do
...> require EEx
...> EEx.function_from_string :def, :sample, "<%= a + b %>", [:a, :b]
...> end
iex> Sample.sample(1, 2)
"3"
"""
defmacro function_from_string(kind, name, source, args \\ [], options \\ []) do
quote bind_quoted: binding do
info = Keyword.merge [file: __ENV__.file, line: __ENV__.line], options
args = Enum.map args, fn arg -> {arg, [line: info[:line]], nil} end
compiled = EEx.compile_string(source, info)
case kind do
:def -> def(unquote(name)(unquote_splicing(args)), do: unquote(compiled))
:defp -> defp(unquote(name)(unquote_splicing(args)), do: unquote(compiled))
end
end
end
@doc """
Generates a function definition from the file contents.
The kind (`:def` or `:defp`) must be given, the
function name, its arguments and the compilation options.
This function is useful in case you have templates but
you want to precompile inside a module for speed.
## Examples
# sample.eex
<%= a + b %>
# sample.ex
defmodule Sample do
require EEx
EEx.function_from_file :def, :sample, "sample.eex", [:a, :b]
end
# iex
Sample.sample(1, 2) #=> "3"
"""
defmacro function_from_file(kind, name, file, args \\ [], options \\ []) do
quote bind_quoted: binding do
info = Keyword.merge options, [file: file, line: 1]
args = Enum.map args, fn arg -> {arg, [line: 1], nil} end
compiled = EEx.compile_file(file, info)
@external_resource file
@file file
case kind do
:def -> def(unquote(name)(unquote_splicing(args)), do: unquote(compiled))
:defp -> defp(unquote(name)(unquote_splicing(args)), do: unquote(compiled))
end
end
end
@doc """
Get a string `source` and generate a quoted expression
that can be evaluated by Elixir or compiled to a function.
"""
def compile_string(source, options \\ []) do
EEx.Compiler.compile(source, options)
end
@doc """
Get a `filename` and generate a quoted expression
that can be evaluated by Elixir or compiled to a function.
"""
def compile_file(filename, options \\ []) do
options = Keyword.merge options, [file: filename, line: 1]
compile_string(File.read!(filename), options)
end
@doc """
Get a string `source` and evaluate the values using the `bindings`.
## Examples
iex> EEx.eval_string "foo <%= bar %>", [bar: "baz"]
"foo baz"
"""
def eval_string(source, bindings \\ [], options \\ []) do
compiled = compile_string(source, options)
do_eval(compiled, bindings, options)
end
@doc """
Get a `filename` and evaluate the values using the `bindings`.
## Examples
# sample.ex
foo <%= bar %>
# iex
EEx.eval_file "sample.ex", [bar: "baz"] #=> "foo baz"
"""
def eval_file(filename, bindings \\ [], options \\ []) do
options = Keyword.put options, :file, filename
compiled = compile_file(filename, options)
do_eval(compiled, bindings, options)
end
### Helpers
defp do_eval(compiled, bindings, options) do
{result, _} = Code.eval_quoted(compiled, bindings, options)
result
end
end
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defmodule EEx.Compiler do
@moduledoc false
# When changing this setting, don't forget to update the docs for EEx
@default_engine EEx.SmartEngine
@doc """
This is the compilation entry point. It glues the tokenizer
and the engine together by handling the tokens and invoking
the engine every time a full expression or text is received.
"""
def compile(source, opts) do
file = opts[:file] || "nofile"
line = opts[:line] || 1
case EEx.Tokenizer.tokenize(source, line) do
{:ok, tokens} ->
state = %{engine: opts[:engine] || @default_engine,
file: file, line: line, quoted: [], start_line: nil}
generate_buffer(tokens, "", [], state)
{:error, line, message} ->
raise EEx.SyntaxError, line: line, file: file, message: message
end
end
# Generates the buffers by handling each expression from the tokenizer
defp generate_buffer([{:text, chars}|t], buffer, scope, state) do
buffer = state.engine.handle_text(buffer, IO.chardata_to_string(chars))
generate_buffer(t, buffer, scope, state)
end
defp generate_buffer([{:expr, line, mark, chars}|t], buffer, scope, state) do
expr = Code.string_to_quoted!(chars, [line: line, file: state.file])
buffer = state.engine.handle_expr(buffer, mark, expr)
generate_buffer(t, buffer, scope, state)
end
defp generate_buffer([{:start_expr, start_line, mark, chars}|t], buffer, scope, state) do
{contents, line, t} = look_ahead_text(t, start_line, chars)
{contents, t} = generate_buffer(t, "", [contents|scope],
%{state | quoted: [], line: line, start_line: start_line})
buffer = state.engine.handle_expr(buffer, mark, contents)
generate_buffer(t, buffer, scope, state)
end
defp generate_buffer([{:middle_expr, line, _, chars}|t], buffer, [current|scope], state) do
{wrapped, state} = wrap_expr(current, line, buffer, chars, state)
generate_buffer(t, "", [wrapped|scope], %{state | line: line})
end
defp generate_buffer([{:end_expr, line, _, chars}|t], buffer, [current|_], state) do
{wrapped, state} = wrap_expr(current, line, buffer, chars, state)
tuples = Code.string_to_quoted!(wrapped, [line: state.start_line, file: state.file])
buffer = insert_quoted(tuples, state.quoted)
{buffer, t}
end
defp generate_buffer([{:end_expr, line, _, chars}|_], _buffer, [], state) do
raise EEx.SyntaxError, message: "unexpected token #{inspect chars}", file: state.file, line: line
end
defp generate_buffer([], buffer, [], state) do
state.engine.handle_body(buffer)
end
defp generate_buffer([], _buffer, _scope, state) do
raise EEx.SyntaxError, message: "unexpected end of string, expected a closing '<% end %>'",
file: state.file, line: state.line
end
# Creates a placeholder and wrap it inside the expression block
defp wrap_expr(current, line, buffer, chars, state) do
new_lines = List.duplicate(?\n, line - state.line)
key = length(state.quoted)
placeholder = '__EEX__(' ++ Integer.to_char_list(key) ++ ');'
{current ++ placeholder ++ new_lines ++ chars,
%{state | quoted: [{key, buffer}|state.quoted]}}
end
# Look text ahead on expressions
defp look_ahead_text([{:text, text}, {:middle_expr, line, _, chars}|t]=list, start, contents) do
if only_spaces?(text) do
{contents ++ text ++ chars, line, t}
else
{contents, start, list}
end
end
defp look_ahead_text(t, start, contents) do
{contents, start, t}
end
defp only_spaces?(chars) do
Enum.all?(chars, &(&1 in [?\s, ?\t, ?\r, ?\n]))
end
# Changes placeholder to real expression
defp insert_quoted({:__EEX__, _, [key]}, quoted) do
{^key, value} = List.keyfind quoted, key, 0
value
end
defp insert_quoted({left, line, right}, quoted) do
{insert_quoted(left, quoted), line, insert_quoted(right, quoted)}
end
defp insert_quoted({left, right}, quoted) do
{insert_quoted(left, quoted), insert_quoted(right, quoted)}
end
defp insert_quoted(list, quoted) when is_list(list) do
Enum.map list, &insert_quoted(&1, quoted)
end
defp insert_quoted(other, _quoted) do
other
end
end
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defmodule EEx.Engine do
@moduledoc ~S"""
Basic EEx engine that ships with Elixir.
An engine needs to implement three functions:
* `handle_body(quoted)` - receives the final built quoted
expression, should do final post-processing and return a
quoted expression.
* `handle_text(buffer, text)` - it receives the buffer,
the text and must return a new quoted expression.
* `handle_expr(buffer, marker, expr)` - it receives the buffer,
the marker, the expr and must return a new quoted expression.
The marker is what follows exactly after `<%`. For example,
`<% foo %>` has an empty marker, but `<%= foo %>` has `"="`
as marker. The allowed markers so far are: `""` and `"="`.
Read `handle_expr/3` below for more information about the markers
implemented by default by this engine.
`EEx.Engine` can be used directly if one desires to use the
default implementations for the functions above.
"""
use Behaviour
defcallback handle_body(Macro.t) :: Macro.t
defcallback handle_text(Macro.t, binary) :: Macro.t
defcallback handle_expr(Macro.t, binary, Macro.t) :: Macro.t
@doc false
defmacro __using__(_) do
quote do
@behaviour EEx.Engine
def handle_body(body) do
EEx.Engine.handle_body(body)
end
def handle_text(buffer, text) do
EEx.Engine.handle_text(buffer, text)
end
def handle_expr(buffer, mark, expr) do
EEx.Engine.handle_expr(buffer, mark, expr)
end
defoverridable [handle_body: 1, handle_expr: 3, handle_text: 2]
end
end
@doc """
Handles assigns in quoted expressions.
This can be added to any custom engine by invoking
`handle_assign/3` with `Macro.prewalk/1`:
def handle_expr(buffer, token, expr) do
expr = Macro.prewalk(expr, &EEx.Engine.handle_assign/1)
EEx.Engine.handle_expr(buffer, token, expr)
end
"""
def handle_assign({:@, meta, [{name, _, atom}]}) when is_atom(name) and is_atom(atom) do
line = meta[:line] || 0
quote line: line, do: Dict.get(var!(assigns), unquote(name))
end
def handle_assign(arg) do
arg
end
@doc """
The default implementation implementation simply returns the
given expression.
"""
def handle_body(quoted) do
quoted
end
@doc """
The default implementation simply concatenates text to the buffer.
"""
def handle_text(buffer, text) do
quote do: unquote(buffer) <> unquote(text)
end
@doc """
Implements expressions according to the markers.
<% Elixir expression - inline with output %>
<%= Elixir expression - replace with result %>
All other markers are not implemented by this engine.
"""
def handle_expr(buffer, "=", expr) do
quote do
tmp = unquote(buffer)
tmp <> String.Chars.to_string(unquote(expr))
end
end
def handle_expr(buffer, "", expr) do
quote do
tmp = unquote(buffer)
unquote(expr)
tmp
end
end
end
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defmodule EEx.SmartEngine do
@moduledoc """
The default engine used by EEx.
It includes assigns (like `@foo`) and possibly other
conveniences in the future.
## Examples
iex> EEx.eval_string("<%= @foo %>", assigns: [foo: 1])
"1"
In the example above, we can access the value `foo` under
the binding `assigns` using `@foo`. This is useful when
a template, after compiled, may receive different assigns
and the developer don't want to recompile it for each
variable set.
Assigns can also be used when compiled to a function:
# sample.eex
<%= @a + @b %>
# sample.ex
defmodule Sample do
require EEx
EEx.function_from_file :def, :sample, "sample.eex", [:assigns]
end
# iex
Sample.sample(a: 1, b: 2) #=> "3"
"""
use EEx.Engine
def handle_expr(buffer, mark, expr) do
expr = Macro.prewalk(expr, &EEx.Engine.handle_assign/1)
super(buffer, mark, expr)
end
end
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defmodule EEx.Tokenizer do
@moduledoc false
@doc """
Tokenizes the given char list or binary.
It returns {:ok, list} with the following tokens:
* `{:text, contents}`
* `{:expr, line, marker, contents}`
* `{:start_expr, line, marker, contents}`
* `{:middle_expr, line, marker, contents}`
* `{:end_expr, line, marker, contents}`
Or `{:error, line, error}` in case of errors.
"""
def tokenize(bin, line) when is_binary(bin) do
tokenize(String.to_char_list(bin), line)
end
def tokenize(list, line) do
tokenize(list, line, [], [])
end
defp tokenize('<%%' ++ t, line, buffer, acc) do
case expr(t, line, [?%, ?<|buffer]) do
{:error, _, _} = error -> error
{:ok, buffer, new_line, rest} ->
tokenize rest, new_line, [?>, ?%|buffer], acc
end
end
defp tokenize('<%#' ++ t, line, buffer, acc) do
case expr(t, line, []) do
{:error, _, _} = error -> error
{:ok, _, new_line, rest} ->
tokenize rest, new_line, buffer, acc
end
end
defp tokenize('<%' ++ t, line, buffer, acc) do
{marker, t} = retrieve_marker(t)
case expr(t, line, []) do
{:error, _, _} = error -> error
{:ok, expr, new_line, rest} ->
token = token_name(expr)
acc = tokenize_text(buffer, acc)
final = {token, line, marker, Enum.reverse(expr)}
tokenize rest, new_line, [], [final | acc]
end
end
defp tokenize('\n' ++ t, line, buffer, acc) do
tokenize t, line + 1, [?\n|buffer], acc
end
defp tokenize([h|t], line, buffer, acc) do
tokenize t, line, [h|buffer], acc
end
defp tokenize([], _line, buffer, acc) do
{:ok, Enum.reverse(tokenize_text(buffer, acc))}
end
# Retrieve marker for <%
defp retrieve_marker('=' ++ t) do
{"=", t}
end
defp retrieve_marker(t) do
{"", t}
end
# Tokenize an expression until we find %>
defp expr([?%, ?>|t], line, buffer) do
{:ok, buffer, line, t}
end
defp expr('\n' ++ t, line, buffer) do
expr t, line + 1, [?\n|buffer]
end
defp expr([h|t], line, buffer) do
expr t, line, [h|buffer]
end
defp expr([], line, _buffer) do
{:error, line, "missing token '%>'"}
end
# Receive an expression content and check
# if it is a start, middle or an end token.
#
# Start tokens finish with `do` and `fn ->`
# Middle tokens are marked with `->` or keywords
# End tokens contain only the end word
defp token_name([h|t]) when h in [?\s, ?\t] do
token_name(t)
end
defp token_name('od' ++ [h|_]) when h in [?\s, ?\t, ?)] do
:start_expr
end
defp token_name('>-' ++ rest) do
rest = Enum.reverse(rest)
# Tokenize the remaining passing check_terminators as
# false, which relax the tokenizer to not error on
# unmatched pairs. Then, we check if there is a "fn"
# token and, if so, it is not followed by an "end"
# token. If this is the case, we are on a start expr.
case :elixir_tokenizer.tokenize(rest, 1, file: "eex", check_terminators: false) do
{:ok, _line, tokens} ->
tokens = Enum.reverse(tokens)
fn_index = fn_index(tokens)
if fn_index && end_index(tokens) > fn_index do
:start_expr
else
:middle_expr
end
_error ->
:middle_expr
end
end
defp token_name('esle' ++ t), do: check_spaces(t, :middle_expr)
defp token_name('retfa' ++ t), do: check_spaces(t, :middle_expr)
defp token_name('hctac' ++ t), do: check_spaces(t, :middle_expr)
defp token_name('eucser' ++ t), do: check_spaces(t, :middle_expr)
defp token_name('dne' ++ t), do: check_spaces(t, :end_expr)
defp token_name(_) do
:expr
end
defp fn_index(tokens) do
Enum.find_index tokens, fn
{:fn_paren, _} -> true
{:fn, _} -> true
_ -> false
end
end
defp end_index(tokens) do
Enum.find_index(tokens, &match?({:end, _}, &1)) || :infinity
end
defp check_spaces(string, token) do
if Enum.all?(string, &(&1 in [?\s, ?\t])) do
token
else
:expr
end
end
# Tokenize the buffered text by appending
# it to the given accumulator.
defp tokenize_text([], acc) do
acc
end
defp tokenize_text(buffer, acc) do
[{:text, Enum.reverse(buffer)} | acc]
end
end
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defmodule EEx.Mixfile do
use Mix.Project
def project do
[app: :eex,
version: System.version,
build_per_environment: false]
end
end
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Code.require_file "../test_helper.exs", __DIR__
defmodule EEx.SmartEngineTest do
use ExUnit.Case, async: true
test "evaluates simple string" do
assert_eval "foo bar", "foo bar"
end
test "evaluates with assigns as keywords" do
assert_eval "1", "<%= @foo %>", assigns: [foo: 1]
end
test "evaluates with assigns as a map" do
assert_eval "1", "<%= @foo %>", assigns: %{foo: 1}
end
test "evaluates with loops" do
assert_eval "1\n2\n3\n", "<%= for x <- [1, 2, 3] do %><%= x %>\n<% end %>"
end
test "compiled preserved line numbers" do
result = EEx.compile_string("<%= @hello %>", engine: EEx.SmartEngine)
Macro.prewalk(result, fn
{_left, meta, _right} ->
assert Keyword.get(meta, :line, 0) in [0, 1]
_ ->
:ok
end)
end
defp assert_eval(expected, actual, binding \\ []) do
result = EEx.eval_string(actual, binding, file: __ENV__.file)
assert result == expected
end
end
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Code.require_file "../test_helper.exs", __DIR__
defmodule EEx.TokenizerTest do
use ExUnit.Case, async: true
require EEx.Tokenizer, as: T
test "simple chars lists" do
assert T.tokenize('foo', 1) == {:ok, [{:text, 'foo'}]}
end
test "simple strings" do
assert T.tokenize("foo", 1) == {:ok, [{:text, 'foo'}]}
end
test "strings with embedded code" do
assert T.tokenize('foo <% bar %>', 1) ==
{:ok, [{:text, 'foo '}, {:expr, 1, "", ' bar '}]}
end
test "strings with embedded equals code" do
assert T.tokenize('foo <%= bar %>', 1) ==
{:ok, [{:text, 'foo '}, {:expr, 1, "=", ' bar '}]}
end
test "strings with more than one line" do
assert T.tokenize('foo\n<%= bar %>', 1) ==
{:ok, [{:text, 'foo\n'}, {:expr, 2, "=", ' bar '}]}
end
test "strings with more than one line and expression with more than one line" do
string = '''
foo <%= bar
baz %>
<% foo %>
'''
assert T.tokenize(string, 1) == {:ok, [
{:text, 'foo '},
{:expr, 1, "=", ' bar\n\nbaz '},
{:text, '\n'},
{:expr, 4, "", ' foo '},
{:text, '\n'}
]}
end
test "quotation" do
assert T.tokenize('foo <%% true %>', 1) == {:ok, [
{:text, 'foo <% true %>'}
]}
end
test "quotation with do/end" do
assert T.tokenize('foo <%% true do %>bar<%% end %>', 1) == {:ok, [
{:text, 'foo <% true do %>bar<% end %>'}
]}
end
test "comments" do
assert T.tokenize('foo <%# true %>', 1) == {:ok, [
{:text, 'foo '}
]}
end
test "comments with do/end" do
assert T.tokenize('foo <%# true do %>bar<%# end %>', 1) == {:ok, [
{:text, 'foo bar'}
]}
end
test "strings with embedded do end" do
assert T.tokenize('foo <% if true do %>bar<% end %>', 1) == {:ok, [
{:text, 'foo '},
{:start_expr, 1, "", ' if true do '},
{:text, 'bar'},
{:end_expr, 1, "", ' end '}
]}
end
test "strings with embedded -> end" do
assert T.tokenize('foo <% cond do %><% false -> %>bar<% true -> %>baz<% end %>', 1) == {:ok, [
{:text, 'foo '},
{:start_expr, 1, "", ' cond do '},
{:middle_expr, 1, "", ' false -> '},
{:text, 'bar'},
{:middle_expr, 1, "", ' true -> '},
{:text, 'baz'},
{:end_expr, 1, "", ' end '}
]}
end
test "strings with embedded keywords blocks" do
assert T.tokenize('foo <% if true do %>bar<% else %>baz<% end %>', 1) == {:ok, [
{:text, 'foo '},
{:start_expr, 1, "", ' if true do '},
{:text, 'bar'},
{:middle_expr, 1, "", ' else '},
{:text, 'baz'},
{:end_expr, 1, "", ' end '}
]}
end
test "raise syntax error when there is start mark and no end mark" do
assert T.tokenize('foo <% :bar', 1) == {:error, 1, "missing token '%>'"}
end
end
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Code.require_file "test_helper.exs", __DIR__
require EEx
defmodule EExTest.Compiled do
def before_compile do
fill_in_stacktrace
{__ENV__.line, hd(tl(System.stacktrace))}
end
EEx.function_from_string :def, :string_sample, "<%= a + b %>", [:a, :b]
filename = Path.join(__DIR__, "fixtures/eex_template_with_bindings.eex")
EEx.function_from_file :defp, :private_file_sample, filename, [:bar]
filename = Path.join(__DIR__, "fixtures/eex_template_with_bindings.eex")
EEx.function_from_file :def, :public_file_sample, filename, [:bar]
def file_sample(arg), do: private_file_sample(arg)
def after_compile do
fill_in_stacktrace
{__ENV__.line, hd(tl(System.stacktrace))}
end
@file "unknown"
def unknown do
fill_in_stacktrace
{__ENV__.line, hd(tl(System.stacktrace))}
end
defp fill_in_stacktrace do
try do
:erlang.error "failed"
catch
:error, _ -> System.stacktrace
end
end
end
defmodule Clause do
defmacro defclause(expr, block) do
quote do
def unquote(expr), unquote(block)
end
end
end
defmodule EExTest do
use ExUnit.Case, async: true
doctest EEx
doctest EEx.Engine
doctest EEx.SmartEngine
test "evaluates simple string" do
assert_eval "foo bar", "foo bar"
end
test "evaluates with embedded" do
assert_eval "foo bar", "foo <%= :bar %>"
end
test "evaluates with embedded and the binding" do
assert EEx.eval_string("foo <%= bar %>", [bar: 1]) == "foo 1"
end
test "evaluates with embedded do end" do
assert_eval "foo bar", "foo <%= if true do %>bar<% end %>"
end
test "evaluates with embedded do end and eval the expression" do
assert_eval "foo ", "foo <%= if false do %>bar<% end %>"
end
test "evaluates with embedded do end and nested print expression" do
assert_eval "foo bar", "foo <%= if true do %><%= :bar %><% end %>"
end
test "evaluates with embedded do end and nested expressions" do
assert_eval "foo bar baz", "foo <%= if true do %>bar <% Process.put(:eex_text, 1) %><%= :baz %><% end %>"
assert Process.get(:eex_text) == 1
end
test "evaluates with embedded middle expression" do
assert_eval "foo bar", "foo <%= if true do %>bar<% else %>baz<% end %>"
end
test "evaluates with embedded middle expression and eval the expression" do
assert_eval "foo baz", "foo <%= if false do %>bar<% else %>baz<% end %>"
end
test "evaluates with nested start expression" do
assert_eval "foo bar", "foo <%= if true do %><%= if true do %>bar<% end %><% end %>"
end
test "evaluates with nested middle expression" do
assert_eval "foo baz", "foo <%= if true do %><%= if false do %>bar<% else %>baz<% end %><% end %>"
end
test "evaluates with defined variable" do
assert_eval "foo 1", "foo <% bar = 1 %><%= bar %>"
end
test "evaluates with require code" do
assert_eval "foo 1,2,3", "foo <% require Enum, as: E %><%= E.join [1, 2, 3], \",\" %>"
end
test "evaluates with end of token" do
assert_eval "foo bar %>", "foo bar %>"
end
test "raises a syntax error when the token is invalid" do
assert_raise EEx.SyntaxError, "nofile:1: missing token '%>'", fn ->
EEx.compile_string "foo <%= bar"
end
end
test "raises a syntax error when end expression is found without a start expression" do
assert_raise EEx.SyntaxError, "nofile:1: unexpected token ' end '", fn ->
EEx.compile_string "foo <% end %>"
end
end
test "raises a syntax error when start expression is found without an end expression" do
assert_raise EEx.SyntaxError, "nofile:2: unexpected end of string, expected a closing '<% end %>'", fn ->
EEx.compile_string "foo\n<% if true do %>"
end
end
test "raises a syntax error when nested end expression is found without a start expression" do
assert_raise EEx.SyntaxError, "nofile:1: unexpected token ' end '", fn ->
EEx.compile_string "foo <% if true do %><% end %><% end %>"
end
end
test "respects line numbers" do
expected = """
foo
2
"""
string = """
foo
<%= __ENV__.line %>
"""
assert_eval expected, string
end
test "respects line numbers inside nested expressions" do
expected = """
foo
3
5
"""
string = """
foo
<%= if true do %>
<%= __ENV__.line %>
<% end %>
<%= __ENV__.line %>
"""
assert_eval expected, string
end
test "respects line numbers inside start expression" do
expected = """
foo
true
5
"""
string = """
foo
<%= if __ENV__.line == 2 do %>
<%= true %>
<% end %>
<%= __ENV__.line %>
"""
assert_eval expected, string
end
test "respects line numbers inside middle expression with ->" do
expected = """
foo
true
7
"""
string = """
foo
<%= cond do %>
<% false -> %> false
<% __ENV__.line == 4 -> %>
<%= true %>
<% end %>
<%= __ENV__.line %>
"""
assert_eval expected, string
end
test "respects line number inside middle expressions with keywords" do
expected = """
foo
5
7
"""
string = """
foo
<%= if false do %>
<%= __ENV__.line %>
<% else %>
<%= __ENV__.line %>
<% end %>
<%= __ENV__.line %>
"""
assert_eval expected, string
end
test "properly handle functions" do
expected = """
Number 1
Number 2
Number 3
"""
string = """
<%= Enum.map [1, 2, 3], fn x -> %>
Number <%= x %>
<% end %>
"""
assert_eval expected, string
end
test "do not consider already finished functions" do
expected = """
foo
true
"""
string = """
foo
<%= cond do %>
<% false -> %> false
<% fn -> 1 end -> %>
<%= true %>
<% end %>
"""
assert_eval expected, string
end
test "evaluates nested do expressions" do
string = """
<% y = ["a", "b", "c"] %>
<%= cond do %>
<% "a" in y -> %>
Good
<% true -> %>
<% if true do %>true<% else %>false<% end %>
Bad
<% end %>
"""
assert_eval "\n\n Good\n \n", string
end
test "for comprehensions" do
string = """
<%= for _name <- packages || [] do %>
<% end %>
<%= all || :done %>
"""
assert_eval "\ndone\n", string, packages: nil, all: nil
end
test "unicode" do
template = """
• <%= "•" %> •
<%= "Jößé Vâlìm" %> Jößé Vâlìm
"""
result = EEx.eval_string(template)
assert result == " • • •\n Jößé Vâlìm Jößé Vâlìm\n"
end
test "evaluates the source from a given file" do
filename = Path.join(__DIR__, "fixtures/eex_template.eex")
result = EEx.eval_file(filename)
assert result == "foo bar.\n"
end
test "evaluates the source from a given file with bindings" do
filename = Path.join(__DIR__, "fixtures/eex_template_with_bindings.eex")
result = EEx.eval_file(filename, [bar: 1])
assert result == "foo 1\n"
end
test "raises an Exception when there's an error with the given file" do
assert_raise File.Error, "could not read file non-existent.eex: no such file or directory", fn ->
filename = "non-existent.eex"
EEx.compile_file(filename)
end
end
test "sets external resource attribute" do
assert EExTest.Compiled.__info__(:attributes)[:external_resource] ==
[Path.join(__DIR__, "fixtures/eex_template_with_bindings.eex")]
end
test "defined from string" do
assert EExTest.Compiled.string_sample(1, 2) == "3"
end
test "defined from file" do
assert EExTest.Compiled.file_sample(1) == "foo 1\n"
assert EExTest.Compiled.public_file_sample(1) == "foo 1\n"
end
test "defined from file do not affect backtrace" do
assert EExTest.Compiled.before_compile ==
{8,
{EExTest.Compiled,
:before_compile,
0,
[file: to_char_list(Path.relative_to_cwd(__ENV__.file)), line: 7]
}
}
assert EExTest.Compiled.after_compile ==
{23,
{EExTest.Compiled,
:after_compile,
0,
[file: to_char_list(Path.relative_to_cwd(__ENV__.file)), line: 22]
}
}
assert EExTest.Compiled.unknown ==
{29,
{EExTest.Compiled,
:unknown,
0,
[file: 'unknown', line: 28]
}
}
end
defmodule TestEngine do
@behaviour EEx.Engine
def handle_body(body) do
{:wrapped, body}
end
def handle_text(buffer, text) do
EEx.Engine.handle_text(buffer, text)
end
def handle_expr(buffer, mark, expr) do
EEx.Engine.handle_expr(buffer, mark, expr)
end
end
test "calls handle_body" do
assert {:wrapped, "foo"} = EEx.eval_string("foo", [], engine: TestEngine)
end
defp assert_eval(expected, actual, binding \\ []) do
result = EEx.eval_string(actual, binding, file: __ENV__.file, engine: EEx.Engine)
assert result == expected
end
end
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foo <%= if true do %>bar.<% end %>
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foo <%= bar %>
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ExUnit.start [trace: "--trace" in System.argv]
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defprotocol Access do
@moduledoc """
The Access protocol is used by `foo[bar]` and also
empowers the nested update functions in Kernel.
For instance, `foo[bar]` translates `Access.get(foo, bar)`.
`Kernel.get_in/2`, `Kernel.put_in/3`, `Kernel.update_in/3` and
`Kernel.get_and_update_in/3` are also all powered by the Access
protocol.
This protocol is implemented by default for keywords, maps
and dictionary like types:
iex> keywords = [a: 1, b: 2]
iex> keywords[:a]
1
iex> map = %{a: 1, b: 2}
iex> map[:a]
1
iex> star_ratings = %{1.0 => "★", 1.5 => "★☆", 2.0 => "★★"}
iex> star_ratings[1.5]
"★☆"
The key comparison must be implemented using the `===` operator.
"""
@doc """
Accesses the given key in the container.
"""
@spec get(t, term) :: t
def get(container, key)
@doc """
Gets a value and updates the given `key` in one pass.
The function must receive the value for the given `key`
(or `nil` if the key doesn't exist in `container`) and
the function must return a tuple containing the `get`
value and the new value to be stored in the `container`.
"""
@spec get_and_update(t, term, (term -> {get, term})) :: {get, t} when get: var
def get_and_update(container, key, fun)
end
defimpl Access, for: List do
def get(dict, key) when is_atom(key) do
case :lists.keyfind(key, 1, dict) do
{^key, value} -> value
false -> nil
end
end
def get(_dict, key) do
raise ArgumentError,
"the access protocol for lists expect the key to be an atom, got: #{inspect key}"
end
def get_and_update(dict, key, fun) when is_atom(key) do
get_and_update(dict, [], key, fun)
end
defp get_and_update([{key, value}|t], acc, key, fun) do
{get, update} = fun.(value)
{get, :lists.reverse(acc, [{key, update}|t])}
end
defp get_and_update([h|t], acc, key, fun) do
get_and_update(t, [h|acc], key, fun)
end
defp get_and_update([], acc, key, fun) do
{get, update} = fun.(nil)
{get, [{key, update}|:lists.reverse(acc)]}
end
end
defimpl Access, for: Map do
def get(map, key) do
case :maps.find(key, map) do
{:ok, value} -> value
:error -> nil
end
end
def get_and_update(map, key, fun) do
value =
case :maps.find(key, map) do
{:ok, value} -> value
:error -> nil
end
{get, update} = fun.(value)
{get, :maps.put(key, update, map)}
end
def get!(%{} = map, key) do
case :maps.find(key, map) do
{:ok, value} -> value
:error -> raise KeyError, key: key, term: map
end
end
def get!(other, key) do
raise ArgumentError,
"could not get key #{inspect key}. Expected map/struct, got: #{inspect other}"
end
def get_and_update!(%{} = map, key, fun) do
case :maps.find(key, map) do
{:ok, value} ->
{get, update} = fun.(value)
{get, :maps.put(key, update, map)}
:error ->
raise KeyError, key: key, term: map
end
end
def get_and_update!(other, key, _fun) do
raise ArgumentError,
"could not put/update key #{inspect key}. Expected map/struct, got: #{inspect other}"
end
end
defimpl Access, for: Atom do
def get(nil, _) do
nil
end
def get(atom, _) do
undefined(atom)
end
def get_and_update(nil, key, _fun) do
raise ArgumentError,
"could not put/update key #{inspect key} on a nil value"
end
def get_and_update(atom, _key, _fun) do
undefined(atom)
end
defp undefined(atom) do
raise Protocol.UndefinedError,
protocol: @protocol,
value: atom,
description: "only the nil atom is supported"
end
end
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defmodule Agent do
@moduledoc """
Agents are a simple abstraction around state.
Often in Elixir there is a need to share or store state that
must be accessed from different processes or by the same process
at different points in time.
The Agent module provides a basic server implementation that
allows state to be retrieved and updated via a simple API.
## Examples
For example, in the Mix tool that ships with Elixir, we need
to keep a set of all tasks executed by a given project. Since
this set is shared, we can implement it with an Agent:
defmodule Mix.TasksServer do
def start_link do
Agent.start_link(fn -> HashSet.new end, name: __MODULE__)
end
@doc "Checks if the task has already executed"
def executed?(task, project) do
item = {task, project}
Agent.get(__MODULE__, fn set ->
item in set
end)
end
@doc "Marks a task as executed"
def put_task(task, project) do
item = {task, project}
Agent.update(__MODULE__, &Set.put(&1, item))
end
end
Note that agents still provide a segregation between the
client and server APIs, as seen in GenServers. In particular,
all code inside the function passed to the agent is executed
by the agent. This distinction is important because you may
want to avoid expensive operations inside the agent, as it will
effectively block the agent until the request is fulfilled.
Consider these two examples:
# Compute in the agent/server
def get_something(agent) do
Agent.get(agent, fn state -> do_something_expensive(state) end)
end
# Compute in the agent/client
def get_something(agent) do
Agent.get(agent, &(&1)) |> do_something_expensive()
end
The first one blocks the agent while the second one copies
all the state to the client and executes the operation in the client.
The trade-off here is exactly if the data is small enough to be
sent to the client cheaply or large enough to require processing on
the server (or at least some initial processing).
## Name Registration
An Agent is bound to the same name registration rules as GenServers.
Read more about it in the `GenServer` docs.
## A word on distributed agents
It is important to consider the limitations of distributed agents. Agents
provides two APIs, one that works with anonymous functions and another
that expects explicit module, function and arguments.
In a distributed setup with multiple nodes, the API that accepts anonymous
functions only works if the caller (client) and the agent have the same
version of the caller module.
Keep in mind this issue also shows up when performing "rolling upgrades"
with agents. By rolling upgrades we mean the following situation: you wish
to deploy a new version of your software by *shutting down* some of your
nodes and replacing them with nodes running a new version of the software.
In this setup, part of your environment will have one version of a given
module and the other part another version (the newer one) of the same module.
The best solution is to simply use the explicit module, function and arguments
APIs when working with distributed agents.
## Hot code swapping
An agent can have its code hot swapped live by simply passing a module,
function and args tuple to the update instruction. For example, imagine
you have an agent named `:sample` and you want to convert its inner state
from some dict structure to a map. It can be done with the following
instruction:
{:update, :sample, {:advanced, {Enum, :into, [%{}]}}}
The agent's state will be added to the given list as the first argument.
"""
@typedoc "Return values of `start*` functions"
@type on_start :: {:ok, pid} | {:error, {:already_started, pid} | term}
@typedoc "The agent name"
@type name :: atom | {:global, term} | {:via, module, term}
@typedoc "The agent reference"
@type agent :: pid | {atom, node} | name
@typedoc "The agent state"
@type state :: term
@doc """
Starts an agent linked to the current process with the given function.
This is often used to start the agent as part of a supervision tree.
Once the agent is spawned, the given function is invoked and its return
value is used as the agent state. Note that `start_link` does not return
until the given function has returned.
## Options
The `:name` option is used for registration as described in the module
documentation.
If the `:timeout` option is present, the agent is allowed to spend at most
the given number of milliseconds on initialization or it will be terminated
and the start function will return `{:error, :timeout}`.
If the `:debug` option is present, the corresponding function in the
[`:sys` module](http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/sys.html) will be invoked.
If the `:spawn_opt` option is present, its value will be passed as options
to the underlying process as in `Process.spawn/4`.
## Return values
If the server is successfully created and initialized, the function returns
`{:ok, pid}`, where `pid` is the pid of the server. If there already exists
an agent with the specified name, the function returns
`{:error, {:already_started, pid}}` with the pid of that process.
If the given function callback fails with `reason`, the function returns
`{:error, reason}`.
"""
@spec start_link((() -> term), GenServer.options) :: on_start
def start_link(fun, options \\ []) when is_function(fun, 0) do
GenServer.start_link(Agent.Server, fun, options)
end
@doc """
Starts an agent linked to the current process with the given module
function and arguments.
Same as `start_link/2` but a module, function and args are expected
instead of an anonymous function.
"""
@spec start_link(module, atom, [any], GenServer.options) :: on_start
def start_link(module, fun, args, options \\ []) do
GenServer.start_link(Agent.Server, {module, fun, args}, options)
end
@doc """
Starts an agent process without links (outside of a supervision tree).
See `start_link/2` for more information.
"""
@spec start((() -> term), GenServer.options) :: on_start
def start(fun, options \\ []) when is_function(fun, 0) do
GenServer.start(Agent.Server, fun, options)
end
@doc """
Starts an agent with the given module function and arguments.
Similar to `start/2` but a module, function and args are expected
instead of an anonymous function.
"""
@spec start(module, atom, [any], GenServer.options) :: on_start
def start(module, fun, args, options \\ []) do
GenServer.start(Agent.Server, {module, fun, args}, options)
end
@doc """
Gets an agent value via the given function.
The function `fun` is sent to the `agent` which invokes the function
passing the agent state. The result of the function invocation is
returned.
A timeout can also be specified (it has a default value of 5000).
"""
@spec get(agent, (state -> a), timeout) :: a when a: var
def get(agent, fun, timeout \\ 5000) when is_function(fun, 1) do
GenServer.call(agent, {:get, fun}, timeout)
end
@doc """
Gets an agent value via the given function.
Same as `get/3` but a module, function and args are expected
instead of an anonymous function. The state is added as first
argument to the given list of args.
"""
@spec get(agent, module, atom, [term], timeout) :: any
def get(agent, module, fun, args, timeout \\ 5000) do
GenServer.call(agent, {:get, {module, fun, args}}, timeout)
end
@doc """
Gets and updates the agent state in one operation.
The function `fun` is sent to the `agent` which invokes the function
passing the agent state. The function must return a tuple with two
elements, the first being the value to return (i.e. the `get` value)
and the second one is the new state.
A timeout can also be specified (it has a default value of 5000).
"""
@spec get_and_update(agent, (state -> {a, state}), timeout) :: a when a: var
def get_and_update(agent, fun, timeout \\ 5000) when is_function(fun, 1) do
GenServer.call(agent, {:get_and_update, fun}, timeout)
end
@doc """
Gets and updates the agent state in one operation.
Same as `get_and_update/3` but a module, function and args are expected
instead of an anonymous function. The state is added as first
argument to the given list of args.
"""
@spec get_and_update(agent, module, atom, [term], timeout) :: any
def get_and_update(agent, module, fun, args, timeout \\ 5000) do
GenServer.call(agent, {:get_and_update, {module, fun, args}}, timeout)
end
@doc """
Updates the agent state.
The function `fun` is sent to the `agent` which invokes the function
passing the agent state. The function must return the new state.
A timeout can also be specified (it has a default value of 5000).
This function always returns `:ok`.
"""
@spec update(agent, (state -> state), timeout) :: :ok
def update(agent, fun, timeout \\ 5000) when is_function(fun, 1) do
GenServer.call(agent, {:update, fun}, timeout)
end
@doc """
Updates the agent state.
Same as `update/3` but a module, function and args are expected
instead of an anonymous function. The state is added as first
argument to the given list of args.
"""
@spec update(agent, module, atom, [term], timeout) :: :ok
def update(agent, module, fun, args, timeout \\ 5000) do
GenServer.call(agent, {:update, {module, fun, args}}, timeout)
end
@doc """
Performs a cast (fire and forget) operation on the agent state.
The function `fun` is sent to the `agent` which invokes the function
passing the agent state. The function must return the new state.
Note that `cast` returns `:ok` immediately, regardless of whether the
destination node or agent exists.
"""
@spec cast(agent, (state -> state)) :: :ok
def cast(agent, fun) when is_function(fun, 1) do
GenServer.cast(agent, {:cast, fun})
end
@doc """
Performs a cast (fire and forget) operation on the agent state.
Same as `cast/2` but a module, function and args are expected
instead of an anonymous function. The state is added as first
argument to the given list of args.
"""
@spec cast(agent, module, atom, [term]) :: :ok
def cast(agent, module, fun, args) do
GenServer.cast(agent, {:cast, {module, fun, args}})
end
@doc """
Stops the agent.
Returns `:ok` if the agent is stopped within the given `timeout`.
"""
@spec stop(agent, timeout) :: :ok
def stop(agent, timeout \\ 5000) do
GenServer.call(agent, :stop, timeout)
end
end
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defmodule Agent.Server do
@moduledoc false
use GenServer
def init(fun) do
{:ok, run(fun, [])}
end
def handle_call({:get, fun}, _from, state) do
{:reply, run(fun, [state]), state}
end
def handle_call({:get_and_update, fun}, _from, state) do
{reply, state} = run(fun, [state])
{:reply, reply, state}
end
def handle_call({:update, fun}, _from, state) do
{:reply, :ok, run(fun, [state])}
end
def handle_call(:stop, _from, state) do
{:stop, :normal, :ok, state}
end
def handle_call(msg, from, state) do
super(msg, from, state)
end
def handle_cast({:cast, fun}, state) do
{:noreply, run(fun, [state])}
end
def handle_cast(msg, state) do
super(msg, state)
end
def code_change(_old, state, fun) do
{:ok, run(fun, [state])}
end
def terminate(_reason, _state) do
# There is a race condition if the agent is
# restarted too fast and it is registered.
try do
self |> :erlang.process_info(:registered_name) |> elem(1) |> Process.unregister
rescue
_ -> :ok
end
:ok
end
defp run({m, f, a}, extra), do: apply(m, f, extra ++ a)
defp run(fun, extra), do: apply(fun, extra)
end
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defmodule Application do
@moduledoc """
A module for working with applications and defining application callbacks.
In Elixir (actually, in Erlang/OTP), an application is a component
implementing some specific functionality, that can be started and stopped
as a unit, and which can be re-used in other systems as well.
Applications are defined with an application file named `APP.app` where
`APP` is the APP name, usually in `underscore_case` convention. The
application file must reside in the same `ebin` directory as the
application's modules bytecode.
In Elixir, Mix is responsible for compiling your source code and
generating your application `.app` file. Furthermore, Mix is also
responsible for configuring, starting and stopping your application
and its dependencies. For this reason, this documentation will focus
on the remaining aspects of your application: the application environment,
and the application callback module.
You can learn more about Mix compilation of `.app` files by typing
`mix help compile.app`.
## Application environment
Once an application is started, OTP provides an application environment
that can be used to configure applications.
Assuming you are inside a Mix project, you can edit your application
function in the `mix.exs` file to the following:
def application do
[env: [hello: :world]]
end
In the application function, we can define the default environment values
for our application. By starting your application with `iex -S mix`, you
can access the default value:
Application.get_env(:APP_NAME, :hello)
#=> {:ok, :hello}
It is also possible to put and delete values from the application value,
including new values that are not defined in the environment file (although
those should be avoided).
In the future, we plan to support configuration files which allows
developers to configure the environment of their dependencies.
Keep in mind that each application is responsible for its environment.
Do not use the functions in this module for directly access or modify
the environment of other application (as it may lead to inconsistent
data in the application environment).
## Application module callback
Often times, an application defines a supervision tree that must be started
and stopped when the application starts and stops. For such, we need to
define an application module callback. The first step is to define the
module callback in the application definition in the `mix.exs` file:
def application do
[mod: {MyApp, []}]
end
Our application now requires the `MyApp` module to provide an application
callback. This can be done by invoking `use Application` in that module
and defining a `start/2` callback, for example:
defmodule MyApp do
use Application
def start(_type, _args) do
MyApp.Supervisor.start_link()
end
end
`start/2` most commonly returns `{:ok, pid}` or `{:ok, pid, state}` where
`pid` identifies the supervision tree and the state is the application state.
`args` is second element of the tuple given to the `:mod` option.
The `type` passed into `start/2` is usually `:normal` unless in a distributed
setup where applications takeover and failovers are configured. This particular
aspect of applications can be read with more detail in the OTP documentation:
* http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/application.html
* http://www.erlang.org/doc/design_principles/applications.html
A developer may also implement the `stop/1` callback (automatically defined
by `use Application`) which does any application cleanup. It receives the
application state and can return any value. Notice that shutting down the
supervisor is automatically handled by the VM;
"""
@doc false
defmacro __using__(_) do
quote location: :keep do
@behaviour :application
@doc false
def stop(_state) do
:ok
end
defoverridable [stop: 1]
end
end
@type app :: atom
@type key :: atom
@type value :: term
@type start_type :: :permanent | :transient | :temporary
@doc """
Returns all key-value pairs for `app`.
"""
@spec get_all_env(app) :: [{key,value}]
def get_all_env(app) do
:application.get_all_env(app)
end
@doc """
Returns the value for `key` in `app`'s environment.
If the specified application is not loaded, or the configuration parameter
does not exist, the function returns the `default` value.
"""
@spec get_env(app, key, value) :: value
def get_env(app, key, default \\ nil) do
case :application.get_env(app, key) do
{:ok, value} -> value
:undefined -> default
end
end
@doc """
Returns the value for `key` in `app`'s environment in a tuple.
If the specified application is not loaded, or the configuration parameter
does not exist, the function returns `:error`.
"""
@spec fetch_env(app, key) :: {:ok, value} | :error
def fetch_env(app, key) do
case :application.get_env(app, key) do
{:ok, value} -> {:ok, value}
:undefined -> :error
end
end
@doc """
Puts the `value` in `key` for the given `app`.
## Options
* `:timeout` - the timeout for the change (defaults to 5000ms)
* `:persistent` - persists the given value on application load and reloads
If `put_env/4` is called before the application is loaded, the application
environment values specified in the `.app` file will override the ones
previously set.
The persistent option can be set to true when there is a need to guarantee
parameters set with this function will not be overridden by the ones defined
in the application resource file on load. This means persistent values will
stick after the application is loaded and also on application reload.
"""
@spec put_env(app, key, value, [timeout: timeout, persistent: boolean]) :: :ok
def put_env(app, key, value, opts \\ []) do
:application.set_env(app, key, value, opts)
end
@doc """
Deletes the `key` from the given `app` environment.
See `put_env/4` for a description of the options.
"""
@spec delete_env(app, key, [timeout: timeout, persistent: boolean]) :: :ok
def delete_env(app, key, opts \\ []) do
:application.unset_env(app, key, opts)
end
@doc """
Ensures the given `app` is started.
Same as `start/2` but returns `:ok` if the application was already
started. This is useful in scripts and in test setup, where test
applications need to be explicitly started:
:ok = Application.ensure_started(:my_test_dep)
"""
@spec ensure_started(app, start_type) :: :ok | {:error, term}
def ensure_started(app, type \\ :temporary) when is_atom(app) do
:application.ensure_started(app, type)
end
@doc """
Ensures the given `app` and its applications are started.
Same as `start/2` but also starts the applications listed under
`:applications` in the `.app` file in case they were not previously
started.
"""
@spec ensure_all_started(app, start_type) :: {:ok, [app]} | {:error, {app, term}}
def ensure_all_started(app, type \\ :temporary) when is_atom(app) do
:application.ensure_all_started(app, type)
end
@doc """
Starts the given `app`.
If the `app` is not loaded, the application will first be loaded using `load/1`.
Any included application, defined in the `:included_applications` key of the
`.app` file will also be loaded, but they won't be started.
Furthermore, all applications listed in the `:applications` key must be explicitly
started before this application is. If not, `{:error, {:not_started, app}}` is
returned, where `app` is the name of the missing application.
In case you want to automatically load **and start** all of `app`'s dependencies,
see `ensure_all_started/2`.
The `type` argument specifies the type of the application:
* `:permanent` - if `app` terminates, all other applications and the entire
node are also terminated.
* `:transient` - if `app` terminates with `:normal` reason, it is reported
but no other applications are terminated. If a transient application
terminates abnormally, all other applications and the entire node are
also terminated.
* `:temporary` - if `app` terminates, it is reported but no other
applications are terminated (the default).
Note that it is always possible to stop an application explicitly by calling
`stop/1`. Regardless of the type of the application, no other applications will
be affected.
Note also that the `:transient` type is of little practical use, since when a
supervision tree terminates, the reason is set to `:shutdown`, not `:normal`.
"""
@spec start(app, start_type) :: :ok | {:error, term}
def start(app, type \\ :temporary) when is_atom(app) do
:application.start(app, type)
end
@doc """
Stops the given `app`.
When stopped, the application is still loaded.
"""
@spec stop(app) :: :ok | {:error, term}
def stop(app) do
:application.stop(app)
end
@doc """
Loads the given `app`.
In order to be loaded, an `.app` file must be in the load paths.
All `:included_applications` will also be loaded.
Loading the application does not start it nor load its modules, but
it does load its environment.
"""
@spec load(app) :: :ok | {:error, term}
def load(app) when is_atom(app) do
:application.load(app)
end
@doc """
Unloads the given `app`.
It will also unload all `:included_applications`.
Note that the function does not purge the application modules.
"""
@spec unload(app) :: :ok | {:error, term}
def unload(app) when is_atom(app) do
:application.unload(app)
end
@doc """
Gets the directory for app.
This information is returned based on the code path. Here is an
example:
File.mkdir_p!("foo/ebin")
Code.prepend_path("foo/ebin")
Application.app_dir(:foo)
#=> "foo"
Even though the directory is empty and there is no `.app` file
it is considered the application directory based on the name
"foo/ebin". The name may contain a dash `-` which is considered
to be the app version and it is removed for the lookup purposes:
File.mkdir_p!("bar-123/ebin")
Code.prepend_path("bar-123/ebin")
Application.app_dir(:bar)
#=> "bar-123"
For more information on code paths, check the `Code` module in
Elixir and also Erlang's `:code` module.
"""
@spec app_dir(app) :: String.t
def app_dir(app) when is_atom(app) do
case :code.lib_dir(app) do
lib when is_list(lib) -> IO.chardata_to_string(lib)
{:error, :bad_name} -> raise ArgumentError, "unknown application: #{inspect app}"
end
end
@doc """
Returns the given path inside `app_dir/1`.
"""
@spec app_dir(app, String.t) :: String.t
def app_dir(app, path) when is_binary(path) do
Path.join(app_dir(app), path)
end
@doc """
Formats the error reason returned by `start/2`,
`ensure_started/2`, `stop/1`, `load/1` and `unload/1`,
returns a string.
"""
@spec format_error(any) :: String.t
def format_error(reason) do
try do
impl_format_error(reason)
catch
# A user could create an error that looks like a builtin one
# causing an error.
:error, _ ->
inspect(reason)
end
end
# exit(:normal) call is special cased, undo the special case.
defp impl_format_error({{:EXIT, :normal}, {mod, :start, args}}) do
Exception.format_exit({:normal, {mod, :start, args}})
end
# {:error, reason} return value
defp impl_format_error({reason, {mod, :start, args}}) do
Exception.format_mfa(mod, :start, args) <> " returned an error: " <>
Exception.format_exit(reason)
end
# error or exit(reason) call, use exit reason as reason.
defp impl_format_error({:bad_return, {{mod, :start, args}, {:EXIT, reason}}}) do
Exception.format_exit({reason, {mod, :start, args}})
end
# bad return value
defp impl_format_error({:bad_return, {{mod, :start, args}, return}}) do
Exception.format_mfa(mod, :start, args) <>
" returned a bad value: " <> inspect(return)
end
defp impl_format_error({:already_started, app}) when is_atom(app) do
"already started application #{app}"
end
defp impl_format_error({:not_started, app}) when is_atom(app) do
"not started application #{app}"
end
defp impl_format_error({:bad_application, app}) do
"bad application: #{inspect(app)}"
end
defp impl_format_error({:already_loaded, app}) when is_atom(app) do
"already loaded application #{app}"
end
defp impl_format_error({:not_loaded, app}) when is_atom(app) do
"not loaded application #{app}"
end
defp impl_format_error({:invalid_restart_type, restart}) do
"invalid application restart type: #{inspect(restart)}"
end
defp impl_format_error({:invalid_name, name}) do
"invalid application name: #{inspect(name)}"
end
defp impl_format_error({:invalid_options, opts}) do
"invalid application options: #{inspect(opts)}"
end
defp impl_format_error({:badstartspec, spec}) do
"bad application start specs: #{inspect(spec)}"
end
defp impl_format_error({'no such file or directory', file}) do
"could not find application file: #{file}"
end
defp impl_format_error(reason) do
Exception.format_exit(reason)
end
end
-25
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@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
defmodule Atom do
@doc """
Convenience functions for working with atoms.
"""
@doc """
Converts an atom to string.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec to_string(atom) :: String.t
def to_string(atom) do
:erlang.atom_to_binary(atom, :utf8)
end
@doc """
Converts an atom to a char list.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec to_char_list(atom) :: char_list
def to_char_list(atom) do
:erlang.atom_to_list(atom)
end
end
-592
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@@ -1,592 +0,0 @@
defmodule Base do
import Bitwise
@moduledoc """
This module provides data encoding and decoding functions
according to [RFC 4648](http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4648).
This document defines the commonly used base 16, base 32, and base
64 encoding schemes.
## Base 16 alphabet
| Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding |
|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|
| 0| 0| 4| 4| 8| 8| 12| C|
| 1| 1| 5| 5| 9| 9| 13| D|
| 2| 2| 6| 6| 10| A| 14| E|
| 3| 3| 7| 7| 11| B| 15| F|
## Base 32 alphabet
| Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding |
|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|
| 0| A| 9| J| 18| S| 27| 3|
| 1| B| 10| K| 19| T| 28| 4|
| 2| C| 11| L| 20| U| 29| 5|
| 3| D| 12| M| 21| V| 30| 6|
| 4| E| 13| N| 22| W| 31| 7|
| 5| F| 14| O| 23| X| | |
| 6| G| 15| P| 24| Y| (pad)| =|
| 7| H| 16| Q| 25| Z| | |
| 8| I| 17| R| 26| 2| | |
## Base 32 (extended hex) alphabet
| Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding |
|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|
| 0| 0| 9| 9| 18| I| 27| R|
| 1| 1| 10| A| 19| J| 28| S|
| 2| 2| 11| B| 20| K| 29| T|
| 3| 3| 12| C| 21| L| 30| U|
| 4| 4| 13| D| 22| M| 31| V|
| 5| 5| 14| E| 23| N| | |
| 6| 6| 15| F| 24| O| (pad)| =|
| 7| 7| 16| G| 25| P| | |
| 8| 8| 17| H| 26| Q| | |
## Base 64 alphabet
| Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding |
|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|
| 0| A| 17| R| 34| i| 51| z|
| 1| B| 18| S| 35| j| 52| 0|
| 2| C| 19| T| 36| k| 53| 1|
| 3| D| 20| U| 37| l| 54| 2|
| 4| E| 21| V| 38| m| 55| 3|
| 5| F| 22| W| 39| n| 56| 4|
| 6| G| 23| X| 40| o| 57| 5|
| 7| H| 24| Y| 41| p| 58| 6|
| 8| I| 25| Z| 42| q| 59| 7|
| 9| J| 26| a| 43| r| 60| 8|
| 10| K| 27| b| 44| s| 61| 9|
| 11| L| 28| c| 45| t| 62| +|
| 12| M| 29| d| 46| u| 63| /|
| 13| N| 30| e| 47| v| | |
| 14| O| 31| f| 48| w| (pad)| =|
| 15| P| 32| g| 49| x| | |
| 16| Q| 33| h| 50| y| | |
## Base 64 (URL and filename safe) alphabet
| Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding | Value | Encoding |
|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|------:|---------:|
| 0| A| 17| R| 34| i| 51| z|
| 1| B| 18| S| 35| j| 52| 0|
| 2| C| 19| T| 36| k| 53| 1|
| 3| D| 20| U| 37| l| 54| 2|
| 4| E| 21| V| 38| m| 55| 3|
| 5| F| 22| W| 39| n| 56| 4|
| 6| G| 23| X| 40| o| 57| 5|
| 7| H| 24| Y| 41| p| 58| 6|
| 8| I| 25| Z| 42| q| 59| 7|
| 9| J| 26| a| 43| r| 60| 8|
| 10| K| 27| b| 44| s| 61| 9|
| 11| L| 28| c| 45| t| 62| -|
| 12| M| 29| d| 46| u| 63| _|
| 13| N| 30| e| 47| v| | |
| 14| O| 31| f| 48| w| (pad)| =|
| 15| P| 32| g| 49| x| | |
| 16| Q| 33| h| 50| y| | |
"""
b16_alphabet = Enum.with_index '0123456789ABCDEF'
b64_alphabet = Enum.with_index 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/'
b64url_alphabet = Enum.with_index 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_'
b32_alphabet = Enum.with_index 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ234567'
b32hex_alphabet = Enum.with_index '0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV'
Enum.each [ {:enc16, :dec16, b16_alphabet},
{:enc64, :dec64, b64_alphabet},
{:enc32, :dec32, b32_alphabet},
{:enc64url, :dec64url, b64url_alphabet},
{:enc32hex, :dec32hex, b32hex_alphabet} ], fn({enc, dec, alphabet}) ->
for {encoding, value} <- alphabet do
defp unquote(enc)(unquote(value)), do: unquote(encoding)
defp unquote(dec)(unquote(encoding)), do: unquote(value)
end
defp unquote(dec)(c) do
raise ArgumentError, "non-alphabet digit found: #{<<c>>}"
end
end
defp encode_case(:upper, func),
do: func
defp encode_case(:lower, func),
do: &to_lower(func.(&1))
defp decode_case(:upper, func),
do: func
defp decode_case(:lower, func),
do: &func.(from_lower(&1))
defp decode_case(:mixed, func),
do: &func.(from_mixed(&1))
defp to_lower(char) when char in ?A..?Z,
do: char + (?a - ?A)
defp to_lower(char),
do: char
defp from_lower(char) when char in ?a..?z,
do: char - (?a - ?A)
defp from_lower(char) when not char in ?A..?Z,
do: char
defp from_lower(char),
do: raise(ArgumentError, "non-alphabet digit found: #{<<char>>}")
defp from_mixed(char) when char in ?a..?z,
do: char - (?a - ?A)
defp from_mixed(char),
do: char
@doc """
Encodes a binary string into a base 16 encoded string.
Accepts an atom `:upper` (default) for encoding to upper case characters or
`:lower` for lower case characters.
## Examples
iex> Base.encode16("foobar")
"666F6F626172"
iex> Base.encode16("foobar", case: :lower)
"666f6f626172"
"""
@spec encode16(binary) :: binary
@spec encode16(binary, Keyword.t) :: binary
def encode16(data, opts \\ []) when is_binary(data) do
case = Keyword.get(opts, :case, :upper)
do_encode16(data, encode_case(case, &enc16/1))
end
@doc """
Decodes a base 16 encoded string into a binary string.
Accepts an atom `:upper` (default) for decoding from upper case characters or
`:lower` for lower case characters. `:mixed` can be given for mixed case
characters.
## Examples
iex> Base.decode16("666F6F626172")
{:ok, "foobar"}
iex> Base.decode16("666f6f626172", case: :lower)
{:ok, "foobar"}
iex> Base.decode16("666f6F626172", case: :mixed)
{:ok, "foobar"}
"""
@spec decode16(binary) :: {:ok, binary} | :error
@spec decode16(binary, Keyword.t) :: {:ok, binary} | :error
def decode16(string, opts \\ []) when is_binary(string) do
case = Keyword.get(opts, :case, :upper)
{:ok, do_decode16(string, decode_case(case, &dec16/1))}
rescue
ArgumentError -> :error
end
@doc """
Decodes a base 16 encoded string into a binary string.
Accepts an atom `:upper` (default) for decoding from upper case characters or
`:lower` for lower case characters. `:mixed` can be given for mixed case
characters.
An `ArgumentError` exception is raised if the padding is incorrect or
a non-alphabet character is present in the string.
## Examples
iex> Base.decode16!("666F6F626172")
"foobar"
iex> Base.decode16!("666f6f626172", case: :lower)
"foobar"
iex> Base.decode16!("666f6F626172", case: :mixed)
"foobar"
"""
@spec decode16!(binary) :: binary
@spec decode16!(binary, Keyword.t) :: binary
def decode16!(string, opts \\ []) when is_binary(string) do
case = Keyword.get(opts, :case, :upper)
do_decode16(string, decode_case(case, &dec16/1))
end
@doc """
Encodes a binary string into a base 64 encoded string.
## Examples
iex> Base.encode64("foobar")
"Zm9vYmFy"
"""
@spec encode64(binary) :: binary
def encode64(data) when is_binary(data) do
do_encode64(data, &enc64/1)
end
@doc """
Decodes a base 64 encoded string into a binary string.
## Examples
iex> Base.decode64("Zm9vYmFy")
{:ok, "foobar"}
"""
@spec decode64(binary) :: {:ok, binary} | :error
def decode64(string) when is_binary(string) do
{:ok, do_decode64(string, &dec64/1)}
rescue
ArgumentError -> :error
end
@doc """
Decodes a base 64 encoded string into a binary string.
The following alphabet is used both for encoding and decoding:
An `ArgumentError` exception is raised if the padding is incorrect or
a non-alphabet character is present in the string.
## Examples
iex> Base.decode64!("Zm9vYmFy")
"foobar"
"""
@spec decode64!(binary) :: binary
def decode64!(string) when is_binary(string) do
do_decode64(string, &dec64/1)
end
@doc """
Encodes a binary string into a base 64 encoded string with URL and filename
safe alphabet.
## Examples
iex> Base.url_encode64(<<255,127,254,252>>)
"_3_-_A=="
"""
@spec url_encode64(binary) :: binary
def url_encode64(data) when is_binary(data) do
do_encode64(data, &enc64url/1)
end
@doc """
Decodes a base 64 encoded string with URL and filename safe alphabet
into a binary string.
## Examples
iex> Base.url_decode64("_3_-_A==")
{:ok, <<255,127,254,252>>}
"""
@spec url_decode64(binary) :: {:ok, binary} | :error
def url_decode64(string) when is_binary(string) do
{:ok, do_decode64(string, &dec64url/1)}
rescue
ArgumentError -> :error
end
@doc """
Decodes a base 64 encoded string with URL and filename safe alphabet
into a binary string.
An `ArgumentError` exception is raised if the padding is incorrect or
a non-alphabet character is present in the string.
## Examples
iex> Base.url_decode64!("_3_-_A==")
<<255,127,254,252>>
"""
@spec url_decode64!(binary) :: binary
def url_decode64!(string) when is_binary(string) do
do_decode64(string, &dec64url/1)
end
@doc """
Encodes a binary string into a base 32 encoded string.
Accepts an atom `:upper` (default) for encoding to upper case characters or
`:lower` for lower case characters.
## Examples
iex> Base.encode32("foobar")
"MZXW6YTBOI======"
iex> Base.encode32("foobar", case: :lower)
"mzxw6ytboi======"
"""
@spec encode32(binary) :: binary
@spec encode32(binary, Keyword.t) :: binary
def encode32(data, opts \\ []) when is_binary(data) do
case = Keyword.get(opts, :case, :upper)
do_encode32(data, encode_case(case, &enc32/1))
end
@doc """
Decodes a base 32 encoded string into a binary string.
Accepts an atom `:upper` (default) for decoding from upper case characters or
`:lower` for lower case characters. `:mixed` can be given for mixed case
characters.
## Examples
iex> Base.decode32("MZXW6YTBOI======")
{:ok, "foobar"}
iex> Base.decode32("mzxw6ytboi======", case: :lower)
{:ok, "foobar"}
iex> Base.decode32("mzXW6ytBOi======", case: :mixed)
{:ok, "foobar"}
"""
@spec decode32(binary) :: {:ok, binary} | :error
@spec decode32(binary, Keyword.t) :: {:ok, binary} | :error
def decode32(string, opts \\ []) do
case = Keyword.get(opts, :case, :upper)
{:ok, do_decode32(string, decode_case(case, &dec32/1))}
rescue
ArgumentError -> :error
end
@doc """
Decodes a base 32 encoded string into a binary string.
Accepts an atom `:upper` (default) for decoding from upper case characters or
`:lower` for lower case characters. `:mixed` can be given for mixed case
characters.
An `ArgumentError` exception is raised if the padding is incorrect or
a non-alphabet character is present in the string.
## Examples
iex> Base.decode32!("MZXW6YTBOI======")
"foobar"
iex> Base.decode32!("mzxw6ytboi======", case: :lower)
"foobar"
iex> Base.decode32!("mzXW6ytBOi======", case: :mixed)
"foobar"
"""
@spec decode32!(binary) :: binary
@spec decode32!(binary, Keyword.t) :: binary
def decode32!(string, opts \\ []) do
case = Keyword.get(opts, :case, :upper)
do_decode32(string, decode_case(case, &dec32/1))
end
@doc """
Encodes a binary string into a base 32 encoded string with an
extended hexadecimal alphabet.
Accepts an atom `:upper` (default) for encoding to upper case characters or
`:lower` for lower case characters.
## Examples
iex> Base.hex_encode32("foobar")
"CPNMUOJ1E8======"
iex> Base.hex_encode32("foobar", case: :lower)
"cpnmuoj1e8======"
"""
@spec hex_encode32(binary) :: binary
@spec hex_encode32(binary, Keyword.t) :: binary
def hex_encode32(data, opts \\ []) when is_binary(data) do
case = Keyword.get(opts, :case, :upper)
do_encode32(data, encode_case(case, &enc32hex/1))
end
@doc """
Decodes a base 32 encoded string with extended hexadecimal alphabet
into a binary string.
Accepts an atom `:upper` (default) for decoding from upper case characters or
`:lower` for lower case characters. `:mixed` can be given for mixed case
characters.
## Examples
iex> Base.hex_decode32("CPNMUOJ1E8======")
{:ok, "foobar"}
iex> Base.hex_decode32("cpnmuoj1e8======", case: :lower)
{:ok, "foobar"}
iex> Base.hex_decode32("cpnMuOJ1E8======", case: :mixed)
{:ok, "foobar"}
"""
@spec hex_decode32(binary) :: {:ok, binary} | :error
@spec hex_decode32(binary, Keyword.t) :: {:ok, binary} | :error
def hex_decode32(string, opts \\ []) when is_binary(string) do
case = Keyword.get(opts, :case, :upper)
{:ok, do_decode32(string, decode_case(case, &dec32hex/1))}
rescue
ArgumentError -> :error
end
@doc """
Decodes a base 32 encoded string with extended hexadecimal alphabet
into a binary string.
Accepts an atom `:upper` (default) for decoding from upper case characters or
`:lower` for lower case characters. `:mixed` can be given for mixed case
characters.
An `ArgumentError` exception is raised if the padding is incorrect or
a non-alphabet character is present in the string.
## Examples
iex> Base.hex_decode32!("CPNMUOJ1E8======")
"foobar"
iex> Base.hex_decode32!("cpnmuoj1e8======", case: :lower)
"foobar"
iex> Base.hex_decode32!("cpnMuOJ1E8======", case: :mixed)
"foobar"
"""
@spec hex_decode32!(binary) :: binary
@spec hex_decode32!(binary, Keyword.t) :: binary
def hex_decode32!(string, opts \\ []) when is_binary(string) do
case = Keyword.get(opts, :case, :upper)
do_decode32(string, decode_case(case, &dec32hex/1))
end
defp do_encode16(<<>>, _), do: <<>>
defp do_encode16(data, enc) do
for <<c::4 <- data>>, into: <<>>, do: <<enc.(c)::8>>
end
defp do_decode16(<<>>, _), do: <<>>
defp do_decode16(string, dec) when rem(byte_size(string), 2) == 0 do
for <<c1::8, c2::8 <- string>>, into: <<>> do
<<dec.(c1)::4, dec.(c2)::4>>
end
end
defp do_decode16(_, _) do
raise ArgumentError, "odd-length string"
end
defp do_encode64(<<>>, _), do: <<>>
defp do_encode64(data, enc) do
split = 3 * div(byte_size(data), 3)
<<main::size(split)-binary, rest::binary>> = data
main = for <<c::6 <- main>>, into: <<>>, do: <<enc.(c)::8>>
case rest do
<<c1::6, c2::6, c3::4>> ->
<<main::binary, enc.(c1)::8, enc.(c2)::8, enc.(bsl(c3, 2))::8, ?=>>
<<c1::6, c2::2>> ->
<<main::binary, enc.(c1)::8, enc.(bsl(c2, 4))::8, ?=, ?=>>
<<>> ->
main
end
end
defp do_decode64(<<>>, _), do: <<>>
defp do_decode64(string, dec) when rem(byte_size(string), 4) == 0 do
split = byte_size(string) - 4
<<main::size(split)-binary, rest::binary>> = string
main = for <<c::8 <- main>>, into: <<>>, do: <<dec.(c)::6>>
case rest do
<<c1::8, c2::8, ?=, ?=>> ->
<<main::binary, dec.(c1)::6, bsr(dec.(c2), 4)::2>>
<<c1::8, c2::8, c3::8, ?=>> ->
<<main::binary, dec.(c1)::6, dec.(c2)::6, bsr(dec.(c3), 2)::4>>
<<c1::8, c2::8, c3::8, c4::8>> ->
<<main::binary, dec.(c1)::6, dec.(c2)::6, dec.(c3)::6, dec.(c4)::6>>
<<>> ->
main
end
end
defp do_decode64(_, _) do
raise ArgumentError, "incorrect padding"
end
defp do_encode32(<<>>, _), do: <<>>
defp do_encode32(data, enc) do
split = 5 * div(byte_size(data), 5)
<<main::size(split)-binary, rest::binary>> = data
main = for <<c::5 <- main>>, into: <<>>, do: <<enc.(c)::8>>
case rest do
<<c1::5, c2::5, c3::5, c4::5, c5::5, c6::5, c7::2>> ->
<<main::binary,
enc.(c1)::8, enc.(c2)::8, enc.(c3)::8, enc.(c4)::8,
enc.(c5)::8, enc.(c6)::8, enc.(bsl(c7, 3))::8, ?=>>
<<c1::5, c2::5, c3::5, c4::5, c5::4>> ->
<<main::binary,
enc.(c1)::8, enc.(c2)::8, enc.(c3)::8, enc.(c4)::8,
enc.(bsl(c5, 1))::8, ?=, ?=, ?=>>
<<c1::5, c2::5, c3::5, c4::1>> ->
<<main::binary,
enc.(c1)::8, enc.(c2)::8, enc.(c3)::8, enc.(bsl(c4, 4))::8,
?=, ?=, ?=, ?=>>
<<c1::5, c2::3>> ->
<<main::binary,
enc.(c1)::8, enc.(bsl(c2, 2))::8, ?=, ?=,
?=, ?=, ?=, ?=>>
<<>> ->
main
end
end
defp do_decode32(<<>>, _), do: <<>>
defp do_decode32(string, dec) when rem(byte_size(string), 8) == 0 do
split = byte_size(string) - 8
<<main::size(split)-binary, rest::binary>> = string
main = for <<c::8 <- main>>, into: <<>>, do: <<dec.(c)::5>>
case rest do
<<c1::8, c2::8, ?=, ?=, ?=, ?=, ?=, ?=>> ->
<<main::binary, dec.(c1)::5, bsr(dec.(c2), 2)::3>>
<<c1::8, c2::8, c3::8, c4::8, ?=, ?=, ?=, ?=>> ->
<<main::binary,
dec.(c1)::5, dec.(c2)::5, dec.(c3)::5, bsr(dec.(c4), 4)::1>>
<<c1::8, c2::8, c3::8, c4::8, c5::8, ?=, ?=, ?=>> ->
<<main::binary,
dec.(c1)::5, dec.(c2)::5, dec.(c3)::5, dec.(c4)::5,
bsr(dec.(c5), 1)::4>>
<<c1::8, c2::8, c3::8, c4::8, c5::8, c6::8, c7::8, ?=>> ->
<<main::binary,
dec.(c1)::5, dec.(c2)::5, dec.(c3)::5, dec.(c4)::5,
dec.(c5)::5, dec.(c6)::5, bsr(dec.(c7), 3)::2>>
<<c1::8, c2::8, c3::8, c4::8, c5::8, c6::8, c7::8, c8::8>> ->
<<main::binary,
dec.(c1)::5, dec.(c2)::5, dec.(c3)::5, dec.(c4)::5,
dec.(c5)::5, dec.(c6)::5, dec.(c7)::5, dec.(c8)::5>>
<<>> ->
main
end
end
defp do_decode32(_, _) do
raise ArgumentError, "incorrect padding"
end
end
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@@ -1,152 +0,0 @@
defmodule Behaviour do
@moduledoc """
Utilities for defining behaviour interfaces.
Behaviours can be referenced by other modules
to ensure they implement required callbacks.
For example, you can specify the `URI.Parser`
behaviour as follows:
defmodule URI.Parser do
use Behaviour
@doc "Parses the given URL"
defcallback parse(uri_info :: URI.t) :: URI.t
@doc "Defines a default port"
defcallback default_port() :: integer
end
And then a module may use it as:
defmodule URI.HTTP do
@behaviour URI.Parser
def default_port(), do: 80
def parse(info), do: info
end
If the behaviour changes or `URI.HTTP` does
not implement one of the callbacks, a warning
will be raised.
## Implementation
Since Erlang R15, behaviours must be defined via
`@callback` attributes. `defcallback` is a simple
mechanism that defines the `@callback` attribute
according to the given type specification. `defcallback` allows
documentation to be created for the callback and defines
a custom function signature.
The callbacks and their documentation can be retrieved
via the `__behaviour__` callback function.
"""
@doc """
Define a function callback according to the given type specification.
"""
defmacro defcallback(spec) do
do_defcallback(split_spec(spec, quote(do: term)), __CALLER__)
end
@doc """
Define a macro callback according to the given type specification.
"""
defmacro defmacrocallback(spec) do
do_defmacrocallback(split_spec(spec, quote(do: Macro.t)), __CALLER__)
end
defp split_spec({:when, _, [{:::, _, [spec, return]}, guard]}, _default) do
{spec, return, guard}
end
defp split_spec({:when, _, [spec, guard]}, default) do
{spec, default, guard}
end
defp split_spec({:::, _, [spec, return]}, _default) do
{spec, return, []}
end
defp split_spec(spec, default) do
{spec, default, []}
end
defp do_defcallback({spec, return, guards}, caller) do
case Macro.decompose_call(spec) do
{name, args} ->
do_callback(:def, name, args, name, length(args), args, return, guards, caller)
_ ->
raise ArgumentError, "invalid syntax in defcallback #{Macro.to_string(spec)}"
end
end
defp do_defmacrocallback({spec, return, guards}, caller) do
case Macro.decompose_call(spec) do
{name, args} ->
do_callback(:defmacro, :"MACRO-#{name}", [quote(do: env :: Macro.Env.t)|args],
name, length(args), args, return, guards, caller)
_ ->
raise ArgumentError, "invalid syntax in defmacrocallback #{Macro.to_string(spec)}"
end
end
defp do_callback(kind, name, args, docs_name, docs_arity, _docs_args, return, guards, caller) do
Enum.each args, fn
{:::, _, [left, right]} ->
ensure_not_default(left)
ensure_not_default(right)
left
other ->
ensure_not_default(other)
other
end
quote do
@callback unquote(name)(unquote_splicing(args)) :: unquote(return) when unquote(guards)
Behaviour.store_docs(__MODULE__, unquote(caller.line), unquote(kind),
unquote(docs_name), unquote(docs_arity))
end
end
defp ensure_not_default({:\\, _, [_, _]}) do
raise ArgumentError, "default arguments \\\\ not supported in defcallback/defmacrocallback"
end
defp ensure_not_default(_), do: :ok
@doc false
def store_docs(module, line, kind, name, arity) do
doc = Module.get_attribute module, :doc
Module.delete_attribute module, :doc
Module.put_attribute module, :behaviour_docs, {{name, arity}, line, kind, doc}
end
@doc false
defmacro __using__(_) do
quote do
Module.register_attribute(__MODULE__, :behaviour_docs, accumulate: true)
@before_compile unquote(__MODULE__)
import unquote(__MODULE__)
end
end
@doc false
defmacro __before_compile__(env) do
docs = if Code.compiler_options[:docs] do
Enum.reverse Module.get_attribute(env.module, :behaviour_docs)
end
quote do
@doc false
def __behaviour__(:callbacks) do
__MODULE__.behaviour_info(:callbacks)
end
def __behaviour__(:docs) do
unquote(Macro.escape(docs))
end
end
end
end
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defmodule Bitwise do
@moduledoc """
This module provides macros and operators for bitwise operators.
These macros can be used in guards.
The easiest way to use is to simply import them into
your module:
iex> use Bitwise
iex> bnot 1
-2
iex> 1 &&& 1
1
You can select to include only or skip operators by passing options:
iex> use Bitwise, only_operators: true
iex> 1 &&& 1
1
"""
@doc """
Allow a developer to use this module in their programs with
the following options:
* `:only_operators` - include only operators
* `:skip_operators` - skip operators
"""
defmacro __using__(options) do
except = cond do
Keyword.get(options, :only_operators) ->
[bnot: 1, band: 2, bor: 2, bxor: 2, bsl: 2, bsr: 2]
Keyword.get(options, :skip_operators) ->
[~~~: 1, &&&: 2, |||: 2, ^^^: 2, <<<: 2, >>>: 2]
true -> []
end
quote do
import Bitwise, except: unquote(except)
end
end
@doc """
Bitwise not.
"""
defmacro bnot(expr) do
quote do: :erlang.bnot(unquote(expr))
end
@doc """
Bitwise not as operator.
"""
defmacro ~~~expr do
quote do: :erlang.bnot(unquote(expr))
end
@doc """
Bitwise and.
"""
defmacro band(left, right) do
quote do: :erlang.band(unquote(left), unquote(right))
end
@doc """
Bitwise and as operator.
"""
defmacro left &&& right do
quote do: :erlang.band(unquote(left), unquote(right))
end
@doc """
Bitwise or.
"""
defmacro bor(left, right) do
quote do: :erlang.bor(unquote(left), unquote(right))
end
@doc """
Bitwise or as operator.
"""
defmacro left ||| right do
quote do: :erlang.bor(unquote(left), unquote(right))
end
@doc """
Bitwise xor.
"""
defmacro bxor(left, right) do
quote do: :erlang.bxor(unquote(left), unquote(right))
end
@doc """
Bitwise xor as operator.
"""
defmacro left ^^^ right do
quote do: :erlang.bxor(unquote(left), unquote(right))
end
@doc """
Arithmetic bitshift left.
"""
defmacro bsl(left, right) do
quote do: :erlang.bsl(unquote(left), unquote(right))
end
@doc """
Arithmetic bitshift left as operator.
"""
defmacro left <<< right do
quote do: :erlang.bsl(unquote(left), unquote(right))
end
@doc """
Arithmetic bitshift right.
"""
defmacro bsr(left, right) do
quote do: :erlang.bsr(unquote(left), unquote(right))
end
@doc """
Arithmetic bitshift right as operator.
"""
defmacro left >>> right do
quote do: :erlang.bsr(unquote(left), unquote(right))
end
end
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defmodule Code do
@moduledoc """
Utilities for managing code compilation, code evaluation and code loading.
This module complements [Erlang's code module](http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/code.html)
to add behaviour which is specific to Elixir.
"""
@doc """
List all loaded files.
"""
def loaded_files do
:elixir_code_server.call :loaded
end
@doc """
Remove files from the loaded files list.
The modules defined in the file are not removed;
calling this function only removes them from the list,
allowing them to be required again.
"""
def unload_files(files) do
:elixir_code_server.cast {:unload_files, files}
end
@doc """
Append a path to the Erlang VM code path.
The path is expanded with `Path.expand/1` before being appended.
"""
def append_path(path) do
:code.add_pathz(to_char_list(Path.expand path))
end
@doc """
Prepend a path to the Erlang VM code path.
The path is expanded with `Path.expand/1` before being prepended.
"""
def prepend_path(path) do
:code.add_patha(to_char_list(Path.expand path))
end
@doc """
Delete a path from the Erlang VM code path.
The path is expanded with `Path.expand/1` before being deleted.
"""
def delete_path(path) do
:code.del_path(to_char_list(Path.expand path))
end
@doc """
Re-add paths given to the command line to keep their position
on the overall code path.
Some tools may change the code path by prepending new items but
still want the paths given by the user to have higher priority.
Calling this function guarantees the paths are re-added on
top of the user given ones.
"""
@spec readd_paths() :: :ok
def readd_paths() do
{pa, pz} = :elixir_code_server.call(:paths)
:code.add_pathsa(pa)
:code.add_pathsz(pz)
:ok
end
@doc """
Evaluate the contents given by `string`.
The `binding` argument is a keyword list of variable bindings.
The `opts` argument is a keyword list of environment options.
Those options can be:
* `:file` - the file to be considered in the evaluation
* `:line` - the line on which the script starts
* `:delegate_locals_to` - delegate local calls to the given module,
the default is to not delegate
Additionally, the following scope values can be configured:
* `:aliases` - a list of tuples with the alias and its target
* `:requires` - a list of modules required
* `:functions` - a list of tuples where the first element is a module
and the second a list of imported function names and arity; the list
of function names and arity must be sorted
* `:macros` - a list of tuples where the first element is a module
and the second a list of imported macro names and arity; the list
of function names and arity must be sorted
Notice that setting any of the values above overrides Elixir's default
values. For example, setting `:requires` to `[]`, will no longer
automatically require the `Kernel` module; in the same way setting
`:macros` will no longer auto-import `Kernel` macros like `if`, `case`,
etc.
Returns a tuple of the form `{value, binding}`,
where `value` is the value returned from evaluating `string`.
If an error occurs while evaluating `string` an exception will be raised.
`binding` is a keyword list with the value of all variable bindings
after evaluating `string`. The binding key is usually an atom, but it
may be a tuple for variables defined in a different context.
## Examples
iex> Code.eval_string("a + b", [a: 1, b: 2], file: __ENV__.file, line: __ENV__.line)
{3, [a: 1, b: 2]}
iex> Code.eval_string("c = a + b", [a: 1, b: 2], __ENV__)
{3, [a: 1, b: 2, c: 3]}
iex> Code.eval_string("a = a + b", [a: 1, b: 2])
{3, [a: 3, b: 2]}
For convenience, you can pass `__ENV__` as the `opts` argument and
all imports, requires and aliases defined in the current environment
will be automatically carried over:
iex> Code.eval_string("a + b", [a: 1, b: 2], __ENV__)
{3, [a: 1, b: 2]}
"""
def eval_string(string, binding \\ [], opts \\ [])
def eval_string(string, binding, %Macro.Env{} = env) do
{value, binding, _env, _scope} = :elixir.eval to_char_list(string), binding, Map.to_list(env)
{value, binding}
end
def eval_string(string, binding, opts) when is_list(opts) do
validate_eval_opts(opts)
{value, binding, _env, _scope} = :elixir.eval to_char_list(string), binding, opts
{value, binding}
end
@doc """
Evaluate the quoted contents.
See `eval_string/3` for a description of arguments and return values.
## Examples
iex> contents = quote(do: var!(a) + var!(b))
iex> Code.eval_quoted(contents, [a: 1, b: 2], file: __ENV__.file, line: __ENV__.line)
{3, [a: 1, b: 2]}
For convenience, you can pass `__ENV__` as the `opts` argument and
all options will be automatically extracted from the current environment:
iex> contents = quote(do: var!(a) + var!(b))
iex> Code.eval_quoted(contents, [a: 1, b: 2], __ENV__)
{3, [a: 1, b: 2]}
"""
def eval_quoted(quoted, binding \\ [], opts \\ [])
def eval_quoted(quoted, binding, %Macro.Env{} = env) do
{value, binding, _env, _scope} = :elixir.eval_quoted quoted, binding, Map.to_list(env)
{value, binding}
end
def eval_quoted(quoted, binding, opts) when is_list(opts) do
validate_eval_opts(opts)
{value, binding, _env, _scope} = :elixir.eval_quoted quoted, binding, opts
{value, binding}
end
defp validate_eval_opts(opts) do
if f = opts[:functions], do: validate_imports(:functions, f)
if m = opts[:macros], do: validate_imports(:macros, m)
if a = opts[:aliases], do: validate_aliases(:aliases, a)
if r = opts[:requires], do: validate_requires(:requires, r)
end
defp validate_requires(kind, requires) do
valid = is_list(requires) and Enum.all?(requires, &is_atom(&1))
unless valid do
raise ArgumentError, "expected :#{kind} option given to eval in the format: [module]"
end
end
defp validate_aliases(kind, aliases) do
valid = is_list(aliases) and Enum.all?(aliases, fn {k, v} ->
is_atom(k) and is_atom(v)
end)
unless valid do
raise ArgumentError, "expected :#{kind} option given to eval in the format: [{module, module}]"
end
end
defp validate_imports(kind, imports) do
valid = is_list(imports) and Enum.all?(imports, fn {k, v} ->
is_atom(k) and is_list(v) and Enum.all?(v, fn {name, arity} ->
is_atom(name) and is_integer(arity)
end)
end)
unless valid do
raise ArgumentError, "expected :#{kind} option given to eval in the format: [{module, [{name, arity}]}]"
end
end
@doc """
Convert the given string to its quoted form.
Returns `{:ok, quoted_form}`
if it succeeds, `{:error, {line, error, token}}` otherwise.
## Options
* `:file` - the filename to be used in stacktraces
and the file reported in the `__ENV__` variable
* `:line` - the line reported in the `__ENV__` variable
* `:existing_atoms_only` - when `true`, raises an error
when non-existing atoms are found by the tokenizer
## Macro.to_string/2
The opposite of converting a string to its quoted form is
`Macro.to_string/2`, which converts a quoted form to a string/binary
representation.
"""
def string_to_quoted(string, opts \\ []) when is_list(opts) do
file = Keyword.get opts, :file, "nofile"
line = Keyword.get opts, :line, 1
:elixir.string_to_quoted(to_char_list(string), line, file, opts)
end
@doc """
Convert the given string to its quoted form.
It returns the ast if it succeeds,
raises an exception otherwise. The exception is a `TokenMissingError`
in case a token is missing (usually because the expression is incomplete),
`SyntaxError` otherwise.
Check `string_to_quoted/2` for options information.
"""
def string_to_quoted!(string, opts \\ []) when is_list(opts) do
file = Keyword.get opts, :file, "nofile"
line = Keyword.get opts, :line, 1
:elixir.string_to_quoted!(to_char_list(string), line, file, opts)
end
@doc """
Evals the given file.
Accepts `relative_to` as an argument to tell where the file is located.
While `load_file` loads a file and returns the loaded modules and their
byte code, `eval_file` simply evaluates the file contents and returns the
evaluation result and its bindings.
"""
def eval_file(file, relative_to \\ nil) do
file = find_file(file, relative_to)
eval_string File.read!(file), [], [file: file, line: 1]
end
@doc """
Load the given file.
Accepts `relative_to` as an argument to tell where the file is located.
If the file was already required/loaded, loads it again.
It returns a list of tuples `{ModuleName, <<byte_code>>}`, one tuple for
each module defined in the file.
Notice that if `load_file` is invoked by different processes concurrently,
the target file will be loaded concurrently many times. Check `require_file/2`
if you don't want a file to be loaded concurrently.
"""
def load_file(file, relative_to \\ nil) when is_binary(file) do
file = find_file(file, relative_to)
:elixir_code_server.call {:acquire, file}
loaded = :elixir_compiler.file file
:elixir_code_server.cast {:loaded, file}
loaded
end
@doc """
Requires the given `file`.
Accepts `relative_to` as an argument to tell where the file is located.
The return value is the same as that of `load_file/2`. If the file was already
required/loaded, doesn't do anything and returns `nil`.
Notice that if `require_file` is invoked by different processes concurrently,
the first process to invoke `require_file` acquires a lock and the remaining
ones will block until the file is available. I.e. if `require_file` is called
N times with a given file, it will be loaded only once. The first process to
call `require_file` will get the list of loaded modules, others will get `nil`.
Check `load_file/2` if you want a file to be loaded multiple times.
"""
def require_file(file, relative_to \\ nil) when is_binary(file) do
file = find_file(file, relative_to)
case :elixir_code_server.call({:acquire, file}) do
:loaded ->
nil
{:queued, ref} ->
receive do {:elixir_code_server, ^ref, :loaded} -> nil end
:proceed ->
loaded = :elixir_compiler.file file
:elixir_code_server.cast {:loaded, file}
loaded
end
end
@doc """
Gets the compilation options from the code server.
Check `compiler_options/1` for more information.
"""
def compiler_options do
:elixir_code_server.call :compiler_options
end
@doc """
Returns a list with the available compiler options.
See `Code.compiler_options/1` for more info.
"""
def available_compiler_options do
[:docs, :debug_info, :ignore_module_conflict, :warnings_as_errors]
end
@doc """
Sets compilation options.
These options are global since they are stored by Elixir's Code Server.
Available options are:
* `:docs` - when `true`, retain documentation in the compiled module,
`true` by default
* `:debug_info` - when `true`, retain debug information in the compiled
module; this allows a developer to reconstruct the original source
code, `false` by default
* `:ignore_module_conflict` - when `true`, override modules that were
already defined without raising errors, `false` by default
* `:warnings_as_errors` - cause compilation to fail when warnings are
generated
"""
def compiler_options(opts) do
{opts, bad} = Keyword.split(opts, available_compiler_options)
if bad != [] do
bad = bad |> Keyword.keys |> Enum.join(", ")
raise ArgumentError, message: "unknown compiler options: #{bad}"
end
:elixir_code_server.cast {:compiler_options, opts}
end
@doc """
Compiles the given string.
Returns a list of tuples where the first element is the module name
and the second one is its byte code (as a binary).
For compiling many files at once, check `Kernel.ParallelCompiler.files/2`.
"""
def compile_string(string, file \\ "nofile") when is_binary(file) do
:elixir_compiler.string to_char_list(string), file
end
@doc """
Compiles the quoted expression.
Returns a list of tuples where the first element is the module name and
the second one is its byte code (as a binary).
"""
def compile_quoted(quoted, file \\ "nofile") when is_binary(file) do
:elixir_compiler.quoted quoted, file
end
@doc """
Ensures the given module is loaded.
If the module is already loaded, this works as no-op. If the module
was not yet loaded, it tries to load it.
If it succeeds loading the module, it returns `{:module, module}`.
If not, returns `{:error, reason}` with the error reason.
## Code loading on the Erlang VM
Erlang has two modes to load code: interactive and embedded.
By default, the Erlang VM runs in interactive mode, where modules
are loaded as needed. In embedded mode the opposite happens, as all
modules need to be loaded upfront or explicitly.
Therefore, this function is used to check if a module is loaded
before using it and allows one to react accordingly. For example, the `URI`
module uses this function to check if a specific parser exists for a given
URI scheme.
## `Code.ensure_compiled/1`
Elixir also contains an `ensure_compiled/1` function that is a
superset of `ensure_loaded/1`.
Since Elixir's compilation happens in parallel, in some situations
you may need to use a module that was not yet compiled, therefore
it can't even be loaded.
`ensure_compiled/1` halts the current process until the
module we are depending on is available.
In most cases, `ensure_loaded/1` is enough. `ensure_compiled/1`
must be used in rare cases, usually involving macros that need to
invoke a module for callback information.
"""
def ensure_loaded(module) when is_atom(module) do
:code.ensure_loaded(module)
end
@doc """
Ensures the given module is loaded.
Similar to `ensure_loaded/1`, but returns `true` if the module
is already loaded or was successfully loaded. Returns `false`
otherwise.
"""
def ensure_loaded?(module) do
match?({:module, ^module}, ensure_loaded(module))
end
@doc """
Ensures the given module is compiled and loaded.
If the module is already loaded, it works as no-op. If the module was
not loaded yet, it checks if it needs to be compiled first and then
tries to load it.
If it succeeds loading the module, it returns `{:module, module}`.
If not, returns `{:error, reason}` with the error reason.
Check `ensure_loaded/1` for more information on module loading
and when to use `ensure_loaded/1` or `ensure_compiled/1`.
"""
def ensure_compiled(module) when is_atom(module) do
case :code.ensure_loaded(module) do
{:error, :nofile} = error ->
case :erlang.get(:elixir_ensure_compiled) do
:undefined -> error
_ ->
try do
module.__info__(:module)
{:module, module}
rescue
UndefinedFunctionError -> error
end
end
other -> other
end
end
@doc """
Ensures the given module is compiled and loaded.
Similar to `ensure_compiled/1`, but returns `true` if the module
is already loaded or was successfully loaded and compiled.
Returns `false` otherwise.
"""
def ensure_compiled?(module) do
match?({:module, ^module}, ensure_compiled(module))
end
@doc """
Returns the docs for the given module.
When given a module name, it finds its BEAM code and reads the docs from it.
When given a path to a .beam file, it will load the docs directly from that
file.
The return value depends on the `kind` value:
* `:docs` - list of all docstrings attached to functions and macros
using the `@doc` attribute
* `:moduledoc` - tuple `{<line>, <doc>}` where `line` is the line on
which module definition starts and `doc` is the string
attached to the module using the `@moduledoc` attribute
* `:all` - a keyword list with both `:docs` and `:moduledoc`
"""
def get_docs(module, kind) when is_atom(module) do
case :code.get_object_code(module) do
{_module, bin, _beam_path} ->
do_get_docs(bin, kind)
:error -> nil
end
end
def get_docs(binpath, kind) when is_binary(binpath) do
do_get_docs(String.to_char_list(binpath), kind)
end
@docs_chunk 'ExDc'
defp do_get_docs(bin_or_path, kind) do
case :beam_lib.chunks(bin_or_path, [@docs_chunk]) do
{:ok, {_module, [{@docs_chunk, bin}]}} ->
lookup_docs(:erlang.binary_to_term(bin), kind)
{:error, :beam_lib, {:missing_chunk, _, @docs_chunk}} -> nil
end
end
defp lookup_docs({:elixir_docs_v1, docs}, kind),
do: do_lookup_docs(docs, kind)
# unsupported chunk version
defp lookup_docs(_, _), do: nil
defp do_lookup_docs(docs, :all), do: docs
defp do_lookup_docs(docs, kind) when kind in [:docs, :moduledoc],
do: Keyword.get(docs, kind)
## Helpers
# Finds the file given the relative_to path.
#
# If the file is found, returns its path in binary, fails otherwise.
defp find_file(file, relative_to) do
file = if relative_to do
Path.expand(file, relative_to)
else
Path.expand(file)
end
if File.regular?(file) do
file
else
raise Code.LoadError, file: file
end
end
end
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@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
defprotocol Collectable do
@moduledoc """
A protocol to traverse data structures.
The `Enum.into/2` function uses this protocol to insert an
enumerable into a collection:
iex> Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], %{})
%{a: 1, b: 2}
## Why Collectable?
The `Enumerable` protocol is useful to take values out of a collection.
In order to support a wide range of values, the functions provided by
the `Enumerable` protocol do not keep shape. For example, passing a
dictionary to `Enum.map/2` always returns a list.
This design is intentional. `Enumerable` was designed to support infinite
collections, resources and other structures with fixed shape. For example,
it doesn't make sense to insert values into a range, as it has a fixed
shape where just the range limits are stored.
The `Collectable` module was designed to fill the gap left by the
`Enumerable` protocol. `into/1` can be seen as the opposite of
`Enumerable.reduce/3`. If `Enumerable` is about taking values out,
`Collectable.into/1` is about collecting those values into a structure.
"""
@type command :: {:cont, term} | :done | :halt
@doc """
Returns a function that collects values alongside
the initial accumulation value.
The returned function receives a collectable and injects a given
value into it for every `{:cont, term}` instruction.
`:done` is passed when no further values will be injected, useful
for closing resources and normalizing values. A collectable must
be returned on `:done`.
If injection is suddenly interrupted, `:halt` is passed and it can
return any value, as it won't be used.
"""
@spec into(t) :: {term, (term, command -> t | term)}
def into(collectable)
end
defimpl Collectable, for: List do
def into(original) do
{[], fn
list, {:cont, x} -> [x|list]
list, :done -> original ++ :lists.reverse(list)
_, :halt -> :ok
end}
end
end
defimpl Collectable, for: BitString do
def into(original) do
{original, fn
acc, {:cont, x} when is_bitstring(x) -> [acc|x]
acc, :done -> IO.iodata_to_binary(acc)
_, :halt -> :ok
end}
end
end
defimpl Collectable, for: Map do
def into(original) do
{original, fn
map, {:cont, {k, v}} -> :maps.put(k, v, map)
map, :done -> map
_, :halt -> :ok
end}
end
end
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@@ -1,693 +0,0 @@
defmodule Dict do
@moduledoc ~S"""
This module specifies the Dict API expected to be
implemented by different dictionaries. It also provides
functions that redirect to the underlying Dict, allowing
a developer to work with different Dict implementations
using one API.
To create a new dict, use the `new` functions defined
by each dict type:
HashDict.new #=> creates an empty HashDict
In the examples below, `dict_impl` means a specific
`Dict` implementation, for example `HashDict` or `Map`.
## Protocols
Besides implementing the functions in this module, all
dictionaries are required to implement the `Access`
protocol:
iex> dict = dict_impl.new
iex> dict = Dict.put(dict, :hello, :world)
iex> dict[:hello]
:world
As well as the `Enumerable` and `Collectable` protocols.
## Match
Dictionaries are required to implement all operations
using the match (`===`) operator.
## Default implementation
Default implementations for some functions in the `Dict` module
are provided via `use Dict`.
For example:
defmodule MyDict do
use Dict
# implement required functions (see below)
# override default implementations if optimization
# is needed
end
The client module must contain the following functions:
* `delete/2`
* `fetch/2`
* `put/3`
* `reduce/3`
* `size/1`
All functions, except `reduce/3`, are required by the Dict behaviour.
`reduce/3` must be implemtented as per the Enumerable protocol.
Based on these functions, `Dict` generates default implementations
for the following functions:
* `drop/2`
* `equal?/2`
* `fetch!/2`
* `get/2`
* `get/3`
* `has_key?/2`
* `keys/1`
* `merge/2`
* `merge/3`
* `pop/2`
* `pop/3`
* `put_new/3`
* `split/2`
* `take/2`
* `to_list/1`
* `update/4`
* `update!/3`
* `values/1`
All of these functions are defined as overridable, so you can provide
your own implementation if needed.
Note you can also test your custom module via `Dict`'s doctests:
defmodule MyDict do
# ...
end
defmodule MyTests do
use ExUnit.Case
doctest Dict
defp dict_impl, do: MyDict
end
"""
use Behaviour
@type key :: any
@type value :: any
@type t :: list | map
defcallback new :: t
defcallback delete(t, key) :: t
defcallback drop(t, Enum.t) :: t
defcallback equal?(t, t) :: boolean
defcallback get(t, key) :: value
defcallback get(t, key, value) :: value
defcallback fetch(t, key) :: {:ok, value} | :error
defcallback fetch!(t, key) :: value | no_return
defcallback has_key?(t, key) :: boolean
defcallback keys(t) :: [key]
defcallback merge(t, t) :: t
defcallback merge(t, t, (key, value, value -> value)) :: t
defcallback pop(t, key) :: {value, t}
defcallback pop(t, key, value) :: {value, t}
defcallback put(t, key, value) :: t
defcallback put_new(t, key, value) :: t
defcallback size(t) :: non_neg_integer()
defcallback split(t, Enum.t) :: {t, t}
defcallback take(t, Enum.t) :: t
defcallback to_list(t) :: list()
defcallback update(t, key, value, (value -> value)) :: t
defcallback update!(t, key, (value -> value)) :: t | no_return
defcallback values(t) :: list(value)
defmacro __using__(_) do
# Use this import to guarantee proper code expansion
import Kernel, except: [size: 1]
quote do
@behaviour Dict
def get(dict, key, default \\ nil) do
case fetch(dict, key) do
{:ok, value} -> value
:error -> default
end
end
def fetch!(dict, key) do
case fetch(dict, key) do
{:ok, value} -> value
:error -> raise KeyError, key: key, term: dict
end
end
def has_key?(dict, key) do
match? {:ok, _}, fetch(dict, key)
end
def put_new(dict, key, value) do
case has_key?(dict, key) do
true -> dict
false -> put(dict, key, value)
end
end
def drop(dict, keys) do
Enum.reduce(keys, dict, &delete(&2, &1))
end
def take(dict, keys) do
Enum.reduce(keys, new, fn key, acc ->
case fetch(dict, key) do
{:ok, value} -> put(acc, key, value)
:error -> acc
end
end)
end
def to_list(dict) do
reduce(dict, {:cont, []}, fn
kv, acc -> {:cont, [kv|acc]}
end) |> elem(1) |> :lists.reverse
end
def keys(dict) do
reduce(dict, {:cont, []}, fn
{k, _}, acc -> {:cont, [k|acc]}
end) |> elem(1) |> :lists.reverse
end
def values(dict) do
reduce(dict, {:cont, []}, fn
{_, v}, acc -> {:cont, [v|acc]}
end) |> elem(1) |> :lists.reverse
end
def equal?(dict1, dict2) do
# Use this import to avoid conflicts in the user code
import Kernel, except: [size: 1]
case size(dict1) == size(dict2) do
false -> false
true ->
reduce(dict1, {:cont, true}, fn({k, v}, _acc) ->
case fetch(dict2, k) do
{:ok, ^v} -> {:cont, true}
_ -> {:halt, false}
end
end) |> elem(1)
end
end
def merge(dict1, dict2, fun \\ fn(_k, _v1, v2) -> v2 end) do
# Use this import to avoid conflicts in the user code
import Kernel, except: [size: 1]
if size(dict1) < size(dict2) do
reduce(dict1, {:cont, dict2}, fn {k, v1}, acc ->
{:cont, update(acc, k, v1, &fun.(k, v1, &1))}
end)
else
reduce(dict2, {:cont, dict1}, fn {k, v2}, acc ->
{:cont, update(acc, k, v2, &fun.(k, &1, v2))}
end)
end |> elem(1)
end
def update(dict, key, initial, fun) do
case fetch(dict, key) do
{:ok, value} ->
put(dict, key, fun.(value))
:error ->
put(dict, key, initial)
end
end
def update!(dict, key, fun) do
case fetch(dict, key) do
{:ok, value} ->
put(dict, key, fun.(value))
:error ->
raise KeyError, key: key, term: dict
end
end
def pop(dict, key, default \\ nil) do
case fetch(dict, key) do
{:ok, value} ->
{value, delete(dict, key)}
:error ->
{default, dict}
end
end
def split(dict, keys) do
Enum.reduce(keys, {new, dict}, fn key, {inc, exc} = acc ->
case fetch(exc, key) do
{:ok, value} ->
{put(inc, key, value), delete(exc, key)}
:error ->
acc
end
end)
end
defoverridable merge: 2, merge: 3, equal?: 2, to_list: 1, keys: 1,
values: 1, take: 2, drop: 2, get: 2, get: 3, fetch!: 2,
has_key?: 2, put_new: 3, pop: 2, pop: 3, split: 2,
update: 4, update!: 3
end
end
defmacrop target(dict) do
quote do
case unquote(dict) do
%{__struct__: x} when is_atom(x) ->
x
%{} ->
Map
x when is_list(x) ->
Keyword
x ->
unsupported_dict(x)
end
end
end
@doc """
Returns a list of all keys in `dict`.
The keys are not guaranteed to be in any order.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> Enum.sort(Dict.keys(dict))
[:a,:b]
"""
@spec keys(t) :: [key]
def keys(dict) do
target(dict).keys(dict)
end
@doc """
Returns a list of all values in `dict`.
The values are not guaranteed to be in any order.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> Enum.sort(Dict.values(dict))
[1,2]
"""
@spec values(t) :: [value]
def values(dict) do
target(dict).values(dict)
end
@doc """
Returns the number of elements in `dict`.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> Dict.size(dict)
2
"""
@spec size(t) :: non_neg_integer
def size(dict) do
target(dict).size(dict)
end
@doc """
Returns whether the given `key` exists in the given `dict`.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1], dict_impl.new)
iex> Dict.has_key?(dict, :a)
true
iex> Dict.has_key?(dict, :b)
false
"""
@spec has_key?(t, key) :: boolean
def has_key?(dict, key) do
target(dict).has_key?(dict, key)
end
@doc """
Returns the value associated with `key` in `dict`. If `dict` does not
contain `key`, returns `default` (or `nil` if not provided).
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1], dict_impl.new)
iex> Dict.get(dict, :a)
1
iex> Dict.get(dict, :b)
nil
iex> Dict.get(dict, :b, 3)
3
"""
@spec get(t, key, value) :: value
def get(dict, key, default \\ nil) do
target(dict).get(dict, key, default)
end
@doc """
Returns `{:ok, value}` associated with `key` in `dict`.
If `dict` does not contain `key`, returns `:error`.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1], dict_impl.new)
iex> Dict.fetch(dict, :a)
{:ok, 1}
iex> Dict.fetch(dict, :b)
:error
"""
@spec fetch(t, key) :: value
def fetch(dict, key) do
target(dict).fetch(dict, key)
end
@doc """
Returns the value associated with `key` in `dict`. If `dict` does not
contain `key`, it raises `KeyError`.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1], dict_impl.new)
iex> Dict.fetch!(dict, :a)
1
"""
@spec fetch!(t, key) :: value | no_return
def fetch!(dict, key) do
target(dict).fetch!(dict, key)
end
@doc """
Stores the given `value` under `key` in `dict`.
If `dict` already has `key`, the stored value is replaced by the new one.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> dict = Dict.put(dict, :a, 3)
iex> Dict.get(dict, :a)
3
"""
@spec put(t, key, value) :: t
def put(dict, key, val) do
target(dict).put(dict, key, val)
end
@doc """
Puts the given `value` under `key` in `dict` unless `key` already exists.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> dict = Dict.put_new(dict, :a, 3)
iex> Dict.get(dict, :a)
1
"""
@spec put_new(t, key, value) :: t
def put_new(dict, key, val) do
target(dict).put_new(dict, key, val)
end
@doc """
Removes the entry stored under the given `key` from `dict`.
If `dict` does not contain `key`, returns the dictionary unchanged.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> dict = Dict.delete(dict, :a)
iex> Dict.get(dict, :a)
nil
iex> dict = Enum.into([b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> Dict.delete(dict, :a) == dict
true
"""
@spec delete(t, key) :: t
def delete(dict, key) do
target(dict).delete(dict, key)
end
@doc """
Merges the dict `dict2` into dict `dict1`.
If one of the `dict2` entries already exists in `dict1`, the
functions in entries in `dict2` have higher precedence unless a
function is given to resolve conflicts.
Notice this function is polymorphic as it merges dicts of any
type. Each dict implementation also provides a `merge` function,
but they can only merge dicts of the same type.
## Examples
iex> dict1 = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> dict2 = Enum.into([a: 3, d: 4], dict_impl.new)
iex> dict = Dict.merge(dict1, dict2)
iex> [a: Dict.get(dict, :a), b: Dict.get(dict, :b), d: Dict.get(dict, :d)]
[a: 3, b: 2, d: 4]
iex> dict1 = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> dict2 = Enum.into([a: 3, d: 4], dict_impl.new)
iex> dict = Dict.merge(dict1, dict2, fn(_k, v1, v2) ->
...> v1 + v2
...> end)
iex> [a: Dict.get(dict, :a), b: Dict.get(dict, :b), d: Dict.get(dict, :d)]
[a: 4, b: 2, d: 4]
"""
@spec merge(t, t, (key, value, value -> value)) :: t
def merge(dict1, dict2, fun \\ fn(_k, _v1, v2) -> v2 end) do
target1 = target(dict1)
target2 = target(dict2)
if target1 == target2 do
target1.merge(dict1, dict2, fun)
else
Enumerable.reduce(dict2, {:cont, dict1}, fn({k, v}, acc) ->
{:cont, target1.update(acc, k, v, fn(other) -> fun.(k, other, v) end)}
end) |> elem(1)
end
end
@doc """
Returns the value associated with `key` in `dict` as
well as the `dict` without `key`.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1], dict_impl.new)
iex> {v, dict} = Dict.pop dict, :a
iex> {v, Enum.sort(dict)}
{1,[]}
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1], dict_impl.new)
iex> {v, dict} = Dict.pop dict, :b
iex> {v, Enum.sort(dict)}
{nil,[a: 1]}
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1], dict_impl.new)
iex> {v, dict} = Dict.pop dict, :b, 3
iex> {v, Enum.sort(dict)}
{3,[a: 1]}
"""
@spec pop(t, key, value) :: {value, t}
def pop(dict, key, default \\ nil) do
target(dict).pop(dict, key, default)
end
@doc """
Update a value in `dict` by calling `fun` on the value to get a new
value. An exception is generated if `key` is not present in the dict.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> dict = Dict.update!(dict, :a, fn(val) -> -val end)
iex> Dict.get(dict, :a)
-1
"""
@spec update!(t, key, (value -> value)) :: t
def update!(dict, key, fun) do
target(dict).update!(dict, key, fun)
end
@doc """
Update a value in `dict` by calling `fun` on the value to get a new value. If
`key` is not present in `dict` then `initial` will be stored as the first
value.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> dict = Dict.update(dict, :c, 3, fn(val) -> -val end)
iex> Dict.get(dict, :c)
3
"""
@spec update(t, key, value, (value -> value)) :: t
def update(dict, key, initial, fun) do
target(dict).update(dict, key, initial, fun)
end
@doc """
Returns a tuple of two dicts, where the first dict contains only
entries from `dict` with keys in `keys`, and the second dict
contains only entries from `dict` with keys not in `keys`
Any non-member keys are ignored.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4], dict_impl.new)
iex> {dict1, dict2} = Dict.split(dict, [:a, :c, :e])
iex> {Dict.to_list(dict1) |> Enum.sort, Dict.to_list(dict2) |> Enum.sort}
{[a: 1, c: 3], [b: 2, d: 4]}
iex> dict = Enum.into([], dict_impl.new)
iex> {dict1, dict2} = Dict.split(dict, [:a, :c])
iex> {Dict.to_list(dict1), Dict.to_list(dict2)}
{[], []}
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> {dict1, dict2} = Dict.split(dict, [:a, :b, :c])
iex> {Dict.to_list(dict1) |> Enum.sort, Dict.to_list(dict2)}
{[a: 1, b: 2], []}
"""
@spec split(t, [key]) :: {t, t}
def split(dict, keys) do
target(dict).split(dict, keys)
end
@doc """
Returns a new dict where the given `keys` are removed from `dict`.
Any non-member keys are ignored.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> dict = Dict.drop(dict, [:a, :c, :d])
iex> Dict.to_list(dict)
[b: 2]
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> dict = Dict.drop(dict, [:c, :d])
iex> Dict.to_list(dict) |> Enum.sort
[a: 1, b: 2]
"""
@spec drop(t, [key]) :: t
def drop(dict, keys) do
target(dict).drop(dict, keys)
end
@doc """
Returns a new dict where only the keys in `keys` from `dict` are included.
Any non-member keys are ignored.
## Examples
iex> dict = Enum.into([a: 1, b: 2], dict_impl.new)
iex> dict = Dict.take(dict, [:a, :c, :d])
iex> Dict.to_list(dict)
[a: 1]
iex> dict = Dict.take(dict, [:c, :d])
iex> Dict.to_list(dict)
[]
"""
@spec take(t, [key]) :: t
def take(dict, keys) do
target(dict).take(dict, keys)
end
@doc false
@spec empty(t) :: t
def empty(dict) do
target(dict).empty(dict)
end
@doc """
Check if two dicts are equal using `===`.
Notice this function is polymorphic as it compares dicts of any
type. Each dict implementation also provides an `equal?` function,
but they can only compare dicts of the same type.
## Examples
iex> dict1 = Enum.into([a: 2, b: 3, f: 5, c: 123], dict_impl.new)
iex> dict2 = [a: 2, b: 3, f: 5, c: 123]
iex> Dict.equal?(dict1, dict2)
true
iex> dict1 = Enum.into([a: 2, b: 3, f: 5, c: 123], dict_impl.new)
iex> dict2 = []
iex> Dict.equal?(dict1, dict2)
false
"""
@spec equal?(t, t) :: boolean
def equal?(dict1, dict2) do
target1 = target(dict1)
target2 = target(dict2)
cond do
target1 == target2 ->
target1.equal?(dict1, dict2)
target1.size(dict1) == target2.size(dict2) ->
Enumerable.reduce(dict2, {:cont, true}, fn({k, v}, _acc) ->
case target1.fetch(dict1, k) do
{:ok, ^v} -> {:cont, true}
_ -> {:halt, false}
end
end) |> elem(1)
true ->
false
end
end
@doc """
Returns a list of key-value pairs stored in `dict`.
No particular order is enforced.
"""
@spec to_list(t) :: list
def to_list(dict) do
target(dict).to_list(dict)
end
defp unsupported_dict(dict) do
raise ArgumentError, "unsupported dict: #{inspect dict}"
end
end
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defmodule Exception do
@moduledoc """
Functions to format throw/catch/exit and exceptions.
Note that stacktraces in Elixir are updated on throw,
errors and exits. For example, at any given moment,
`System.stacktrace` will return the stacktrace for the
last throw/error/exit that occurred in the current process.
Do not rely on the particular format returned by the `format`
functions in this module. They may be changed in future releases
in order to better suit Elixir's tool chain. In other words,
by using the functions in this module it is guaranteed you will
format exceptions as in the current Elixir version being used.
"""
@typedoc "The exception type"
@type t :: %{__struct__: module, __exception__: true}
@typedoc "The kind handled by formatting functions"
@type kind :: :error | :exit | :throw | {:EXIT, pid}
@type stacktrace :: [stacktrace_entry]
@type stacktrace_entry ::
{module, function, arity_or_args, location} |
{function, arity_or_args, location}
@typep arity_or_args :: non_neg_integer | list
@typep location :: Keyword.t
@callback exception(term) :: t
@callback message(t) :: String.t
@doc """
Returns true if the given argument is an exception.
"""
def exception?(%{__struct__: struct, __exception__: true}) when is_atom(struct), do: true
def exception?(_), do: false
@doc """
Gets the message for an exception.
"""
def message(%{__struct__: module, __exception__: true} = exception) when is_atom(module) do
try do
module.message(exception)
rescue
e ->
raise ArgumentError,
"Got #{inspect e.__struct__} with message " <>
"\"#{message(e)}\" while retrieving message for #{inspect(exception)}"
end
end
@doc """
Normalizes an exception, converting Erlang exceptions
to Elixir exceptions.
It takes the `kind` spilled by `catch` as an argument and
normalizes only `:error`, returning the untouched payload
for others.
The third argument, a stacktrace, is optional. If it is
not supplied `System.stacktrace/0` will sometimes be used
to get additional information for the `kind` `:error`. If
the stacktrace is unknown and `System.stacktrace/0` would
not return the stacktrace corresponding to the exception
an empty stacktrace, `[]`, must be used.
"""
@spec normalize(:error, any, stacktrace) :: t
@spec normalize(kind, payload, stacktrace) :: payload when payload: var
# Generating a stacktrace is expensive, default to nil
# to only fetch it when needed.
def normalize(kind, payload, stacktrace \\ nil)
def normalize(:error, exception, stacktrace) do
if exception?(exception) do
exception
else
ErlangError.normalize(exception, stacktrace)
end
end
def normalize(_kind, payload, _stacktrace) do
payload
end
@doc """
Normalizes and formats any throw, error and exit.
The message is formatted and displayed in the same
format as used by Elixir's CLI.
The third argument, a stacktrace, is optional. If it is
not supplied `System.stacktrace/0` will sometimes be used
to get additional information for the `kind` `:error`. If
the stacktrace is unknown and `System.stacktrace/0` would
not return the stacktrace corresponding to the exception
an empty stacktrace, `[]`, must be used.
"""
@spec format_banner(kind, any, stacktrace | nil) :: String.t
def format_banner(kind, exception, stacktrace \\ nil)
def format_banner(:error, exception, stacktrace) do
exception = normalize(:error, exception, stacktrace)
"** (" <> inspect(exception.__struct__) <> ") " <> message(exception)
end
def format_banner(:throw, reason, _stacktrace) do
"** (throw) " <> inspect(reason)
end
def format_banner(:exit, reason, _stacktrace) do
"** (exit) " <> format_exit(reason, <<"\n ">>)
end
def format_banner({:EXIT, pid}, reason, _stacktrace) do
"** (EXIT from #{inspect pid}) " <> format_exit(reason, <<"\n ">>)
end
@doc """
Normalizes and formats throw/errors/exits and stacktrace.
It relies on `format_banner/3` and `format_stacktrace/1`
to generate the final format.
Note that `{:EXIT, pid}` do not generate a stacktrace though
(as they are retrieved as messages without stacktraces).
"""
@spec format(kind, any, stacktrace | nil) :: String.t
def format(kind, payload, stacktrace \\ nil)
def format({:EXIT, _} = kind, any, _) do
format_banner(kind, any)
end
def format(kind, payload, stacktrace) do
stacktrace = stacktrace || System.stacktrace
message = format_banner(kind, payload, stacktrace)
case stacktrace do
[] -> message
_ -> message <> "\n" <> format_stacktrace(stacktrace)
end
end
@doc """
Formats an exit, returns a string.
Often there are errors/exceptions inside exits. Exits are often
wrapped by the caller and provide stacktraces too. This function
formats exits in a way to nicely show the exit reason, caller
and stacktrace.
"""
@spec format_exit(any) :: String.t
def format_exit(reason) do
format_exit(reason, <<"\n ">>)
end
# 2-Tuple could be caused by an error if the second element is a stacktrace.
defp format_exit({exception, maybe_stacktrace} = reason, joiner)
when is_list(maybe_stacktrace) and maybe_stacktrace !== [] do
try do
Enum.map(maybe_stacktrace, &format_stacktrace_entry/1)
else
formatted_stacktrace ->
# Assume a non-empty list formattable as stacktrace is a
# stacktrace, so exit was caused by an error.
message = "an exception was raised:" <> joiner <>
format_banner(:error, exception, maybe_stacktrace)
Enum.join([message | formatted_stacktrace], joiner <> <<" ">>)
catch
:error, _ ->
# Not a stacktrace, was an exit.
format_exit_reason(reason)
end
end
# :supervisor.start_link returns this error reason when it fails to init
# because a child's start_link raises.
defp format_exit({:shutdown,
{:failed_to_start_child, child, {:EXIT, reason}}}, joiner) do
format_start_child(child, reason, joiner)
end
# :supervisor.start_link returns this error reason when it fails to init
# because a child's start_link returns {:error, reason}.
defp format_exit({:shutdown, {:failed_to_start_child, child, reason}},
joiner) do
format_start_child(child, reason, joiner)
end
# 2-Tuple could be an exit caused by mfa if second element is mfa, args
# must be a list of arguments - max length 255 due to max arity.
defp format_exit({reason2, {mod, fun, args}} = reason, joiner)
when length(args) < 256 do
try do
format_mfa(mod, fun, args)
else
mfa ->
# Assume tuple formattable as an mfa is an mfa, so exit was caused by
# failed mfa.
"exited in: " <> mfa <> joiner <>
"** (EXIT) " <> format_exit(reason2, joiner <> <<" ">>)
catch
:error, _ ->
# Not an mfa, was an exit.
format_exit_reason(reason)
end
end
defp format_exit(reason, _joiner) do
format_exit_reason(reason)
end
defp format_exit_reason(:normal), do: "normal"
defp format_exit_reason(:shutdown), do: "shutdown"
defp format_exit_reason({:shutdown, reason}) do
"shutdown: #{inspect(reason)}"
end
defp format_exit_reason(:timeout), do: "time out"
defp format_exit_reason(:killed), do: "killed"
defp format_exit_reason(:noconnection), do: "no connection"
defp format_exit_reason(:noproc) do
"no process"
end
defp format_exit_reason({:nodedown, node_name}) when is_atom(node_name) do
"no connection to #{node_name}"
end
# :gen_server exit reasons
defp format_exit_reason({:already_started, pid}) do
"already started: " <> inspect(pid)
end
defp format_exit_reason({:bad_return_value, value}) do
"bad return value: " <> inspect(value)
end
defp format_exit_reason({:bad_call, request}) do
"bad call: " <> inspect(request)
end
defp format_exit_reason({:bad_cast, request}) do
"bad cast: " <> inspect(request)
end
# :supervisor.start_link error reasons
# If value is a list will be be formatted by mfa exit in format_exit/1
defp format_exit_reason({:bad_return, {mod, :init, value}})
when is_atom(mod) do
format_mfa(mod, :init, 1) <> " returned a bad value: " <> inspect(value)
end
defp format_exit_reason({:bad_start_spec, start_spec}) do
"bad start spec: invalid children: " <> inspect(start_spec)
end
defp format_exit_reason({:start_spec, start_spec}) do
"bad start spec: " <> format_sup_spec(start_spec)
end
defp format_exit_reason({:supervisor_data, data}) do
"bad supervisor data: " <> format_sup_data(data)
end
defp format_exit_reason(reason), do: inspect(reason)
defp format_start_child(child, reason, joiner) do
"shutdown: failed to start child: " <> inspect(child) <> joiner <>
"** (EXIT) " <> format_exit(reason, joiner <> <<" ">>)
end
defp format_sup_data({:invalid_type, type}) do
"invalid type: " <> inspect(type)
end
defp format_sup_data({:invalid_strategy, strategy}) do
"invalid strategy: " <> inspect(strategy)
end
defp format_sup_data({:invalid_intensity, intensity}) do
"invalid intensity: " <> inspect(intensity)
end
defp format_sup_data({:invalid_period, period}) do
"invalid period: " <> inspect(period)
end
defp format_sup_data(other), do: inspect(other)
defp format_sup_spec({:invalid_child_spec, child_spec}) do
"invalid child spec: " <> inspect(child_spec)
end
defp format_sup_spec({:invalid_child_type, type}) do
"invalid child type: " <> inspect(type)
end
defp format_sup_spec({:invalid_mfa, mfa}) do
"invalid mfa: " <> inspect(mfa)
end
defp format_sup_spec({:invalid_restart_type, restart}) do
"invalid restart type: " <> inspect(restart)
end
defp format_sup_spec({:invalid_shutdown, shutdown}) do
"invalid shutdown: " <> inspect(shutdown)
end
defp format_sup_spec({:invalid_module, mod}) do
"invalid module: " <> inspect(mod)
end
defp format_sup_spec({:invalid_modules, modules}) do
"invalid modules: " <> inspect(modules)
end
defp format_sup_spec(other), do: inspect(other)
@doc """
Receives a stacktrace entry and formats it into a string.
"""
@spec format_stacktrace_entry(stacktrace_entry) :: String.t
def format_stacktrace_entry(entry)
# From Macro.Env.stacktrace
def format_stacktrace_entry({module, :__MODULE__, 0, location}) do
format_location(location) <> inspect(module) <> " (module)"
end
# From :elixir_compiler_*
def format_stacktrace_entry({_module, :__MODULE__, 1, location}) do
format_location(location) <> "(module)"
end
# From :elixir_compiler_*
def format_stacktrace_entry({_module, :__FILE__, 1, location}) do
format_location(location) <> "(file)"
end
def format_stacktrace_entry({module, fun, arity, location}) do
format_application(module) <> format_location(location) <> format_mfa(module, fun, arity)
end
def format_stacktrace_entry({fun, arity, location}) do
format_location(location) <> format_fa(fun, arity)
end
defp format_application(module) do
case :application.get_application(module) do
{:ok, app} -> "(" <> Atom.to_string(app) <> ") "
:undefined -> ""
end
end
@doc """
Formats the stacktrace.
A stacktrace must be given as an argument. If not, the stacktrace
is retrieved from `Process.info/2`.
"""
def format_stacktrace(trace \\ nil) do
trace = trace || case Process.info(self, :current_stacktrace) do
{:current_stacktrace, t} -> Enum.drop(t, 3)
end
case trace do
[] -> "\n"
s -> " " <> Enum.map_join(s, "\n ", &format_stacktrace_entry(&1)) <> "\n"
end
end
@doc """
Receives an anonymous function and arity and formats it as
shown in stacktraces. The arity may also be a list of arguments.
## Examples
Exception.format_fa(fn -> end, 1)
#=> "#Function<...>/1"
"""
def format_fa(fun, arity) when is_function(fun) do
"#{inspect fun}#{format_arity(arity)}"
end
@doc """
Receives a module, fun and arity and formats it
as shown in stacktraces. The arity may also be a list
of arguments.
## Examples
iex> Exception.format_mfa Foo, :bar, 1
"Foo.bar/1"
iex> Exception.format_mfa Foo, :bar, []
"Foo.bar()"
iex> Exception.format_mfa nil, :bar, []
"nil.bar()"
Anonymous functions are reported as -func/arity-anonfn-count-,
where func is the name of the enclosing function. Convert to
"anonymous fn in func/arity"
"""
def format_mfa(module, fun, arity) when is_atom(module) and is_atom(fun) do
fun =
case inspect(fun) do
":" <> fun -> fun
fun -> fun
end
case match?("\"-" <> _, fun) and String.split(fun, "-") do
[ "\"", outer_fun, "fun", _count, "\"" ] ->
"anonymous fn#{format_arity(arity)} in #{inspect module}.#{outer_fun}"
_ ->
"#{inspect module}.#{fun}#{format_arity(arity)}"
end
end
defp format_arity(arity) when is_list(arity) do
inspected = for x <- arity, do: inspect(x)
"(#{Enum.join(inspected, ", ")})"
end
defp format_arity(arity) when is_integer(arity) do
"/" <> Integer.to_string(arity)
end
@doc """
Formats the given file and line as shown in stacktraces.
If any of the values are nil, they are omitted.
## Examples
iex> Exception.format_file_line("foo", 1)
"foo:1:"
iex> Exception.format_file_line("foo", nil)
"foo:"
iex> Exception.format_file_line(nil, nil)
""
"""
def format_file_line(file, line) do
format_file_line(file, line, "")
end
defp format_file_line(file, line, suffix) do
if file do
if line && line != 0 do
"#{file}:#{line}:#{suffix}"
else
"#{file}:#{suffix}"
end
else
""
end
end
defp format_location(opts) when is_list(opts) do
format_file_line Keyword.get(opts, :file), Keyword.get(opts, :line), " "
end
end
# Some exceptions implement `message/1` instead of `exception/1` mostly
# for bootstrap reasons. It is recommended for applications to implement
# `exception/1` instead of `message/1` as described in `defexception/1`
# docs.
defmodule RuntimeError do
defexception message: "runtime error"
@spec exception(String.t) :: Exception.t
def exception(msg) when is_binary(msg) do
%RuntimeError{message: msg}
end
def exception(arg) do
super(arg)
end
end
defmodule ArgumentError do
defexception message: "argument error"
@spec exception(String.t) :: Exception.t
def exception(msg) when is_binary(msg) do
%ArgumentError{message: msg}
end
def exception(arg) do
super(arg)
end
end
defmodule ArithmeticError do
defexception []
def message(_) do
"bad argument in arithmetic expression"
end
end
defmodule SystemLimitError do
defexception []
def message(_) do
"a system limit has been reached"
end
end
defmodule SyntaxError do
defexception [file: nil, line: nil, description: "syntax error"]
def message(exception) do
Exception.format_file_line(Path.relative_to_cwd(exception.file), exception.line) <>
" " <> exception.description
end
end
defmodule TokenMissingError do
defexception [file: nil, line: nil, description: "expression is incomplete"]
def message(exception) do
Exception.format_file_line(Path.relative_to_cwd(exception.file), exception.line) <>
" " <> exception.description
end
end
defmodule CompileError do
defexception [file: nil, line: nil, description: "compile error"]
def message(exception) do
Exception.format_file_line(Path.relative_to_cwd(exception.file), exception.line) <>
" " <> exception.description
end
end
defmodule BadFunctionError do
defexception [term: nil]
def message(exception) do
"expected a function, got: #{inspect(exception.term)}"
end
end
defmodule BadStructError do
defexception [struct: nil, term: nil]
def message(exception) do
"expected a struct named #{inspect(exception.struct)}, got: #{inspect(exception.term)}"
end
end
defmodule MatchError do
defexception [term: nil]
def message(exception) do
"no match of right hand side value: #{inspect(exception.term)}"
end
end
defmodule CaseClauseError do
defexception [term: nil]
def message(exception) do
"no case clause matching: #{inspect(exception.term)}"
end
end
defmodule CondClauseError do
defexception []
def message(_exception) do
"no cond clause evaluated to a true value"
end
end
defmodule TryClauseError do
defexception [term: nil]
def message(exception) do
"no try clause matching: #{inspect(exception.term)}"
end
end
defmodule BadArityError do
defexception [function: nil, args: nil]
def message(exception) do
fun = exception.function
args = exception.args
insp = Enum.map_join(args, ", ", &inspect/1)
{:arity, arity} = :erlang.fun_info(fun, :arity)
"#{inspect(fun)} with arity #{arity} called with #{count(length(args), insp)}"
end
defp count(0, _insp), do: "no arguments"
defp count(1, insp), do: "1 argument (#{insp})"
defp count(x, insp), do: "#{x} arguments (#{insp})"
end
defmodule UndefinedFunctionError do
defexception [module: nil, function: nil, arity: nil, self: false]
def message(%{function: function, module: module, arity: arity, self: self}) do
if function do
formatted = Exception.format_mfa module, function, arity
suffix = if self or is_nil(module) or :code.is_loaded(module) do
""
else
" (module #{inspect module} is not available)"
end
"undefined function: #{formatted}" <> suffix
else
"undefined function"
end
end
end
defmodule FunctionClauseError do
defexception [module: nil, function: nil, arity: nil]
def message(exception) do
if exception.function do
formatted = Exception.format_mfa exception.module, exception.function, exception.arity
"no function clause matching in #{formatted}"
else
"no function clause matches"
end
end
end
defmodule Code.LoadError do
defexception [:file, :message]
def exception(opts) do
file = Keyword.fetch!(opts, :file)
%Code.LoadError{message: "could not load #{file}", file: file}
end
end
defmodule Protocol.UndefinedError do
defexception [protocol: nil, value: nil, description: nil]
def message(exception) do
msg = "protocol #{inspect exception.protocol} not implemented for #{inspect exception.value}"
if exception.description do
msg <> ", " <> exception.description
else
msg
end
end
end
defmodule KeyError do
defexception key: nil, term: nil
def message(exception) do
"key #{inspect exception.key} not found in: #{inspect exception.term}"
end
end
defmodule UnicodeConversionError do
defexception [:encoded, :message]
def exception(opts) do
%UnicodeConversionError{
encoded: Keyword.fetch!(opts, :encoded),
message: "#{Keyword.fetch!(opts, :kind)} #{detail Keyword.fetch!(opts, :rest)}"
}
end
defp detail(rest) when is_binary(rest) do
"encoding starting at #{inspect rest}"
end
defp detail([h|_]) do
"code point #{h}"
end
end
defmodule Enum.OutOfBoundsError do
defexception []
def message(_) do
"out of bounds error"
end
end
defmodule Enum.EmptyError do
defexception []
def message(_) do
"empty error"
end
end
defmodule File.Error do
defexception [reason: nil, action: "", path: nil]
def message(exception) do
formatted = IO.iodata_to_binary(:file.format_error(exception.reason))
"could not #{exception.action} #{exception.path}: #{formatted}"
end
end
defmodule File.CopyError do
defexception [reason: nil, action: "", source: nil, destination: nil, on: nil]
def message(exception) do
formatted = IO.iodata_to_binary(:file.format_error(exception.reason))
location = if on = exception.on, do: ". #{on}", else: ""
"could not #{exception.action} from #{exception.source} to " <>
"#{exception.destination}#{location}: #{formatted}"
end
end
defmodule ErlangError do
defexception [original: nil]
def message(exception) do
"erlang error: #{inspect(exception.original)}"
end
@doc false
def normalize(:badarg, _stacktrace) do
%ArgumentError{}
end
def normalize(:badarith, _stacktrace) do
%ArithmeticError{}
end
def normalize(:system_limit, _stacktrace) do
%SystemLimitError{}
end
def normalize(:cond_clause, _stacktrace) do
%CondClauseError{}
end
def normalize({:badarity, {fun, args}}, _stacktrace) do
%BadArityError{function: fun, args: args}
end
def normalize({:badfun, term}, _stacktrace) do
%BadFunctionError{term: term}
end
def normalize({:badstruct, struct, term}, _stacktrace) do
%BadStructError{struct: struct, term: term}
end
def normalize({:badmatch, term}, _stacktrace) do
%MatchError{term: term}
end
def normalize({:case_clause, term}, _stacktrace) do
%CaseClauseError{term: term}
end
def normalize({:try_clause, term}, _stacktrace) do
%TryClauseError{term: term}
end
def normalize(:undef, stacktrace) do
stacktrace = stacktrace || :erlang.get_stacktrace
{mod, fun, arity} = from_stacktrace(stacktrace)
%UndefinedFunctionError{module: mod, function: fun, arity: arity, self: from_self(stacktrace)}
end
def normalize(:function_clause, stacktrace) do
{mod, fun, arity} = from_stacktrace(stacktrace || :erlang.get_stacktrace)
%FunctionClauseError{module: mod, function: fun, arity: arity}
end
def normalize({:badarg, payload}, _stacktrace) do
%ArgumentError{message: "argument error: #{inspect(payload)}"}
end
def normalize(other, _stacktrace) do
%ErlangError{original: other}
end
defp from_stacktrace([{module, function, args, _}|_]) when is_list(args) do
{module, function, length(args)}
end
defp from_stacktrace([{module, function, arity, _}|_]) do
{module, function, arity}
end
defp from_stacktrace(_) do
{nil, nil, nil}
end
defp from_self([{module, _, _, _}, {module, _, _, _}|_]), do: true
defp from_self(_), do: false
end
File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff
-75
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@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
require Record
defmodule File.Stat do
@moduledoc """
A struct responsible to hold file information.
In Erlang, this struct is represented by a `:file_info` record.
Therefore this module also provides functions for converting
in between the Erlang record and the Elixir struct.
Its fields are:
* `size` - size of file in bytes.
* `type` - `:device | :directory | :regular | :other`; the type of the
file.
* `access` - `:read | :write | :read_write | :none`; the current system
access to the file.
* `atime` - the last time the file was read.
* `mtime` - the last time the file was written.
* `ctime` - the interpretation of this time field depends on the operating
system. On Unix, it is the last time the file or the inode was changed.
In Windows, it is the time of creation.
* `mode` - the file permissions.
* `links` - the number of links to this file. This is always 1 for file
systems which have no concept of links.
* `major_device` - identifies the file system where the file is located.
In windows, the number indicates a drive as follows: 0 means A:, 1 means
B:, and so on.
* `minor_device` - only valid for character devices on Unix. In all other
cases, this field is zero.
* `inode` - gives the inode number. On non-Unix file systems, this field
will be zero.
* `uid` - indicates the owner of the file.
* `gid` - gives the group that the owner of the file belongs to. Will be
zero for non-Unix file systems.
The time type returned in `atime`, `mtime`, and `ctime` is dependent on the
time type set in options. `{:time, type}` where type can be `:local`,
`:universal`, or `:posix`. Default is `:local`.
"""
record = Record.extract(:file_info, from_lib: "kernel/include/file.hrl")
keys = :lists.map(&elem(&1, 0), record)
vals = :lists.map(&{&1, [], nil}, keys)
pairs = :lists.zip(keys, vals)
defstruct keys
@type t :: %__MODULE__{}
@doc """
Converts a `File.Stat` struct to a `:file_info` record.
"""
def to_record(%File.Stat{unquote_splicing(pairs)}) do
{:file_info, unquote_splicing(vals)}
end
@doc """
Converts a `:file_info` record into a `File.Stat`.
"""
def from_record({:file_info, unquote_splicing(vals)}) do
%File.Stat{unquote_splicing(pairs)}
end
end
-102
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@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
defmodule File.Stream do
@moduledoc """
Defines a `File.Stream` struct returned by `File.stream!/3`.
The following fields are public:
* `path` - the file path
* `modes` - the file modes
* `raw` - a boolean indicating if bin functions should be used
* `line_or_bytes` - if reading should read lines or a given amount of bytes
"""
defstruct path: nil, modes: [], line_or_bytes: :line, raw: true
@type t :: %__MODULE__{}
@doc false
def __build__(path, modes, line_or_bytes) do
raw = :lists.keyfind(:encoding, 1, modes) == false
modes =
if raw do
if :lists.keyfind(:read_ahead, 1, modes) == {:read_ahead, false} do
[:raw|modes]
else
[:raw, :read_ahead|modes]
end
else
modes
end
%File.Stream{path: path, modes: modes, raw: raw, line_or_bytes: line_or_bytes}
end
defimpl Collectable do
def empty(stream) do
stream
end
def into(%{path: path, modes: modes, raw: raw} = stream) do
modes = for mode <- modes, not mode in [:read], do: mode
case :file.open(path, [:write|modes]) do
{:ok, device} ->
{:ok, into(device, stream, raw)}
{:error, reason} ->
raise File.Error, reason: reason, action: "stream", path: path
end
end
defp into(device, stream, raw) do
fn
:ok, {:cont, x} ->
case raw do
true -> IO.binwrite(device, x)
false -> IO.write(device, x)
end
:ok, :done ->
# If delayed_write option is used and the last write failed will
# MatchError here as {:error, _} is returned.
:ok = :file.close(device)
stream
:ok, :halt ->
# If delayed_write option is used and the last write failed will
# MatchError here as {:error, _} is returned.
:ok = :file.close(device)
end
end
end
defimpl Enumerable do
def reduce(%{path: path, modes: modes, line_or_bytes: line_or_bytes, raw: raw}, acc, fun) do
modes = for mode <- modes, not mode in [:write, :append], do: mode
start_fun =
fn ->
case :file.open(path, modes) do
{:ok, device} -> device
{:error, reason} ->
raise File.Error, reason: reason, action: "stream", path: path
end
end
next_fun =
case raw do
true -> &IO.each_binstream(&1, line_or_bytes)
false -> &IO.each_stream(&1, line_or_bytes)
end
Stream.resource(start_fun, next_fun, &:file.close/1).(acc, fun)
end
def count(_stream) do
{:error, __MODULE__}
end
def member?(_stream, _term) do
{:error, __MODULE__}
end
end
end
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@@ -1,276 +0,0 @@
import Kernel, except: [round: 1]
defmodule Float do
@moduledoc """
Functions for working with floating point numbers.
"""
@doc """
Parses a binary into a float.
If successful, returns a tuple of the form `{float, remainder_of_binary}`.
Otherwise `:error`.
## Examples
iex> Float.parse("34")
{34.0,""}
iex> Float.parse("34.25")
{34.25,""}
iex> Float.parse("56.5xyz")
{56.5,"xyz"}
iex> Float.parse("pi")
:error
"""
@spec parse(binary) :: {float, binary} | :error
def parse("-" <> binary) do
case parse_unsign(binary) do
:error -> :error
{number, remainder} -> {-number, remainder}
end
end
def parse(binary) do
parse_unsign(binary)
end
defp parse_unsign("-" <> _), do: :error
defp parse_unsign(binary) when is_binary(binary) do
case Integer.parse binary do
:error -> :error
{integer_part, after_integer} -> parse_unsign after_integer, integer_part
end
end
# Dot followed by digit is required afterwards or we are done
defp parse_unsign(<< ?., char, rest :: binary >>, int) when char in ?0..?9 do
parse_unsign(rest, char - ?0, 1, int)
end
defp parse_unsign(rest, int) do
{:erlang.float(int), rest}
end
# Handle decimal points
defp parse_unsign(<< char, rest :: binary >>, float, decimal, int) when char in ?0..?9 do
parse_unsign rest, 10 * float + (char - ?0), decimal + 1, int
end
defp parse_unsign(<< ?e, after_e :: binary >>, float, decimal, int) do
case Integer.parse after_e do
:error ->
# Note we rebuild the binary here instead of breaking it apart at
# the function clause because the current approach copies a binary
# just on this branch. If we broke it apart in the function clause,
# the copy would happen when calling Integer.parse/1.
{floatify(int, float, decimal), << ?e, after_e :: binary >>}
{exponential, after_exponential} ->
{floatify(int, float, decimal, exponential), after_exponential}
end
end
defp parse_unsign(bitstring, float, decimal, int) do
{floatify(int, float, decimal), bitstring}
end
defp floatify(int, float, decimal, exponential \\ 0) do
multiplier = if int < 0, do: -1.0, else: 1.0
# Try to ensure the minimum amount of rounding errors
result = multiplier * (abs(int) * :math.pow(10, decimal) + float) * :math.pow(10, exponential - decimal)
# Try avoiding stuff like this:
# iex(1)> 0.0001 * 75
# 0.007500000000000001
# Due to IEEE 754 floating point standard
# http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19957-01/806-3568/ncg_goldberg.html
final_decimal_places = decimal - exponential
if final_decimal_places > 0 do
decimal_power_round = :math.pow(10, final_decimal_places)
trunc(result * decimal_power_round) / decimal_power_round
else
result
end
end
@doc """
Rounds a float to the largest integer less than or equal to `num`.
Floor also accepts a precision to round a floating point value down
to an arbitrary number of fractional digits (between 0 and 15).
This function always returns floats. One may use `Kernel.trunc/1` to
truncate the result to an integer afterwards.
## Examples
iex> Float.floor(34.25)
34.0
iex> Float.floor(-56.5)
-57.0
iex> Float.floor(34.253, 2)
34.25
"""
@spec floor(float, 0..15) :: float
def floor(number, precision \\ 0) when is_float(number) and precision in 0..15 do
power = power_of_10(precision)
number = number * power
truncated = trunc(number)
variance = if number - truncated < 0, do: -1.0, else: 0.0
(truncated + variance) / power
end
@doc """
Rounds a float to the largest integer greater than or equal to `num`.
Ceil also accepts a precision to round a floating point value down to
an arbitrary number of fractional digits (between 0 and 15).
This function always returns floats. One may use `Kernel.trunc/1` to
truncate the result to an integer afterwards.
## Examples
iex> Float.ceil(34.25)
35.0
iex> Float.ceil(-56.5)
-56.0
iex> Float.ceil(34.253, 2)
34.26
"""
@spec ceil(float, 0..15) :: float
def ceil(number, precision \\ 0) when is_float(number) and precision in 0..15 do
power = power_of_10(precision)
number = number * power
truncated = trunc(number)
variance = if number - truncated > 0, do: 1.0, else: 0.0
(truncated + variance) / power
end
@doc """
Rounds a floating point value to an arbitrary number of fractional digits
(between 0 and 15).
This function only accepts floats and returns floats. Use `Kernel.round/1`
if you want a function that accepts both floats and integers and always
returns an integer.
## Examples
iex> Float.round(5.5674, 3)
5.567
iex> Float.round(5.5675, 3)
5.568
iex> Float.round(-5.5674, 3)
-5.567
iex> Float.round(-5.5675, 3)
-5.568
"""
@spec round(float, 0..15) :: float
def round(number, precision \\ 0) when is_float(number) and precision in 0..15 do
power = power_of_10(precision)
Kernel.round(number * power) / power
end
Enum.reduce 0..15, 1, fn x, acc ->
defp power_of_10(unquote(x)), do: unquote(acc)
acc * 10
end
@doc """
Returns a char list which corresponds to the text representation of the given float.
Inlined by the compiler.
## Examples
iex> Float.to_char_list(7.0)
'7.00000000000000000000e+00'
"""
@spec to_char_list(float) :: char_list
def to_char_list(number) do
:erlang.float_to_list(number)
end
@doc """
Returns a list which corresponds to the text representation
of `float`.
## Options
* `:decimals` — number of decimal points to show
* `:scientific` — number of decimal points to show, in scientific format
* `:compact` — when true, use the most compact representation (ignored
with the `scientific` option)
## Examples
iex> Float.to_char_list 7.1, [decimals: 2, compact: true]
'7.1'
"""
@spec to_char_list(float, list) :: char_list
def to_char_list(float, options) do
:erlang.float_to_list(float, expand_compact(options))
end
@doc """
Returns a binary which corresponds to the text representation
of `some_float`.
Inlined by the compiler.
## Examples
iex> Float.to_string(7.0)
"7.00000000000000000000e+00"
"""
@spec to_string(float) :: String.t
def to_string(some_float) do
:erlang.float_to_binary(some_float)
end
@doc """
Returns a binary which corresponds to the text representation
of `float`.
## Options
* `:decimals` — number of decimal points to show
* `:scientific` — number of decimal points to show, in scientific format
* `:compact` — when true, use the most compact representation (ignored
with the `scientific` option)
## Examples
iex> Float.to_string 7.1, [decimals: 2, compact: true]
"7.1"
"""
@spec to_string(float, list) :: String.t
def to_string(float, options) do
:erlang.float_to_binary(float, expand_compact(options))
end
defp expand_compact([{:compact, false}|t]), do: expand_compact(t)
defp expand_compact([{:compact, true}|t]), do: [:compact|expand_compact(t)]
defp expand_compact([h|t]), do: [h|expand_compact(t)]
defp expand_compact([]), do: []
end
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defmodule GenEvent.Stream do
@moduledoc """
Defines a `GenEvent` stream.
This is a struct returned by `stream/2`. The struct is public and
contains the following fields:
* `:manager` - the manager reference given to `GenEvent.stream/2`
* `:timeout` - the timeout in between events, defaults to `:infinity`
"""
defstruct manager: nil, timeout: :infinity
@type t :: %__MODULE__{
manager: GenEvent.manager,
timeout: timeout}
@doc false
def init({_pid, _ref} = state) do
{:ok, state}
end
@doc false
def handle_event(event, _state) do
exit({:bad_event, event})
end
@doc false
def handle_call(msg, _state) do
exit({:bad_call, msg})
end
@doc false
def handle_info(_msg, state) do
{:ok, state}
end
@doc false
def terminate(_reason, _state) do
:ok
end
@doc false
def code_change(_old, state, _extra) do
{:ok, state}
end
end
defimpl Enumerable, for: GenEvent.Stream do
def reduce(stream, acc, fun) do
start_fun = fn() -> start(stream) end
next_fun = &next(stream, &1)
stop_fun = &stop(stream, &1)
Stream.resource(start_fun, next_fun, stop_fun).(acc, wrap_reducer(fun))
end
def count(_stream) do
{:error, __MODULE__}
end
def member?(_stream, _item) do
{:error, __MODULE__}
end
defp wrap_reducer(fun) do
fn
{:ack, manager, ref, event}, acc ->
send manager, {ref, :ok}
fun.(event, acc)
{:async, _manager, _ref, event}, acc ->
fun.(event, acc)
{:sync, manager, ref, event}, acc ->
try do
fun.(event, acc)
after
send manager, {ref, :ok}
end
end
end
defp start(%{manager: manager} = stream) do
try do
{:ok, {pid, ref}} = :gen.call(manager, self(),
{:add_process_handler, self(), self()}, :infinity)
mon_ref = Process.monitor(pid)
{pid, ref, mon_ref}
catch
:exit, reason -> exit({reason, {__MODULE__, :start, [stream]}})
end
end
defp next(%{timeout: timeout} = stream, {pid, ref, mon_ref} = acc) do
self = self()
receive do
# Got an async event.
{_from, {^pid, ^ref}, {:notify, event}} ->
{[{:async, pid, ref, event}], acc}
# Got a sync event.
{_from, {^pid, ^ref}, {:sync_notify, event}} ->
{[{:sync, pid, ref, event}], acc}
# Got an ack event.
{_from, {^pid, ^ref}, {:ack_notify, event}} ->
{[{:ack, pid, ref, event}], acc}
# The handler was removed. Stop iteration, resolve the
# event later. We need to demonitor now, otherwise DOWN
# appears with higher priority in the shutdown process.
{:gen_event_EXIT, {^pid, ^ref}, _reason} = event ->
Process.demonitor(mon_ref, [:flush])
send(self, event)
{:halt, {:removed, acc}}
# The manager died. Stop iteration, resolve the event later.
{:DOWN, ^mon_ref, _, _, _} = event ->
send(self, event)
{:halt, {:removed, acc}}
after
timeout ->
exit({:timeout, {__MODULE__, :next, [stream, acc]}})
end
end
# If we reach this branch, we know the handler was already
# removed, so we don't trigger a request for doing so.
defp stop(stream, {:removed, {pid, ref, mon_ref} = acc}) do
case wait_for_handler_removal(pid, ref, mon_ref) do
:ok ->
flush_events(ref)
{:error, reason} ->
exit({reason, {__MODULE__, :stop, [stream, acc]}})
end
end
# If we reach this branch, the handler was not removed yet,
# so we trigger a request for doing so.
defp stop(stream, {pid, ref, _} = acc) do
_ = GenEvent.remove_handler(pid, {pid, ref}, :shutdown)
stop(stream, {:removed, acc})
end
defp wait_for_handler_removal(pid, ref, mon_ref) do
receive do
{:gen_event_EXIT, {^pid, ^ref}, reason}
when reason == :normal
when reason == :shutdown
when tuple_size(reason) == 3 and elem(reason, 0) == :swapped ->
Process.demonitor(mon_ref, [:flush])
:ok
{:gen_event_EXIT, {^pid, ^ref}, reason} ->
Process.demonitor(mon_ref, [:flush])
{:error, reason}
{:DOWN, ^mon_ref, _, _, reason} ->
{:error, reason}
end
end
defp flush_events(ref) do
receive do
{_from, {_pid, ^ref}, {notify, _event}} when notify in [:notify, :ack_notify, :sync_notify] ->
flush_events(ref)
after
0 -> :ok
end
end
end
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defmodule GenServer do
@moduledoc """
A behaviour module for implementing the server of a client-server relation.
A GenServer is a process as any other Elixir process and it can be used
to keep state, execute code asynchronously and so on. The advantage of using
a generic server process (GenServer) implemented using this module is that it
will have a standard set of interface functions and include functionality for
tracing and error reporting. It will also fit into a supervision tree.
## Example
The GenServer behaviour abstracts the common client-server interaction.
Developers are only required to implement the callbacks and functionality they are
interested in.
Let's start with a code example and then explore the available callbacks.
Imagine we want a GenServer that works like a stack, allowing us to push
and pop items:
defmodule Stack do
use GenServer
# Callbacks
def handle_call(:pop, _from, [h|t]) do
{:reply, h, t}
end
def handle_cast({:push, item}, state) do
{:noreply, [item|state]}
end
end
# Start the server
{:ok, pid} = GenServer.start_link(Stack, [:hello])
# This is the client
GenServer.call(pid, :pop)
#=> :hello
GenServer.cast(pid, {:push, :world})
#=> :ok
GenServer.call(pid, :pop)
#=> :world
We start our `Stack` by calling `start_link/3`, passing the module
with the server implementation and its initial argument (a list
representing the stack containing the item `:hello`). We can primarily
interact with the server by sending two types of messages. **call**
messages expect a reply from the server (and are therefore synchronous)
while **cast** messages do not.
Every time you do a `GenServer.call/3`, the client will send a message
that must be handled by the `handle_call/3` callback in the GenServer.
A `cast/2` message must be handled by `handle_cast/2`.
## Callbacks
There are 6 callbacks required to be implemented in a `GenServer`. By
adding `use GenServer` to your module, Elixir will automatically define
all 6 callbacks for you, leaving it up to you to implement the ones
you want to customize. The callbacks are:
* `init(args)` - invoked when the server is started.
It must return:
- `{:ok, state}`
- `{:ok, state, timeout}`
- `:ignore`
- `{:stop, reason}`
* `handle_call(msg, {from, ref}, state)` and `handle_cast(msg, state)` -
invoked to handle call (sync) and cast (async) messages.
It must return:
- `{:reply, reply, new_state}`
- `{:reply, reply, new_state, timeout}`
- `{:reply, reply, new_state, :hibernate}`
- `{:noreply, new_state}`
- `{:noreply, new_state, timeout}`
- `{:noreply, new_state, :hibernate}`
- `{:stop, reason, new_state}`
- `{:stop, reason, reply, new_state}`
* `handle_info(msg, state)` - invoked to handle all other messages which
are received by the process.
It must return:
- `{:noreply, state}`
- `{:noreply, state, timeout}`
- `{:stop, reason, state}`
* `terminate(reason, state)` - called when the server is about to
terminate, useful for cleaning up. It must return `:ok`.
* `code_change(old_vsn, state, extra)` - called when the application
code is being upgraded live (hot code swapping).
It must return:
- `{:ok, new_state}`
- `{:error, reason}`
## Name Registration
Both `start_link/3` and `start/3` support the `GenServer` to register
a name on start via the `:name` option. Registered names are also
automatically cleaned up on termination. The supported values are:
* an atom - the GenServer is registered locally with the given name
using `Process.register/2`.
* `{:global, term}`- the GenServer is registered globally with the given
term using the functions in the `:global` module.
* `{:via, module, term}` - the GenServer is registered with the given
mechanism and name. The `:via` option expects a module name to control
the registration mechanism alongside a name which can be any term.
For example, we could start and register our Stack server locally as follows:
# Start the server and register it locally with name MyStack
{:ok, _} = GenServer.start_link(Stack, [:hello], name: MyStack)
# Now messages can be sent directly to MyStack
GenServer.call(MyStack, :pop) #=> :hello
Once the server is started, the remaining functions in this module (`call/3`,
`cast/2`, and friends) will also accept an atom, or any `:global` or `:via`
tuples. In general, the following formats are supported:
* a `pid`
* an `atom` if the server is locally registered
* `{atom, node}` if the server is locally registered at another node
* `{:global, term}` if the server is globally registered
* `{:via, module, name}` if the server is registered through an alternative
registry
## Client / Server APIs
Although in the example above we have used `GenServer.start_link/3` and
friends to directly start and communicate with the server, most of the
time we don't call the `GenServer` functions directly. Instead, we wrap
the calls in new functions representing the public API of the server.
Here is a better implementation of our Stack module:
defmodule Stack do
use GenServer
# Client
def start_link(default) do
GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, default)
end
def push(pid, item) do
GenServer.cast(pid, {:push, item})
end
def pop(pid) do
GenServer.call(pid, :pop)
end
# Server (callbacks)
def handle_call(:pop, _from, [h|t]) do
{:reply, h, t}
end
def handle_call(request, from, state) do
# Call the default implementation from GenServer
super(request, from, state)
end
def handle_cast({:push, item}, state) do
{:noreply, [item|state]}
end
def handle_cast(request, state) do
super(request, state)
end
end
In practice, it is common to have both server and client functions in
the same module. If the server and/or client implementations are growing
complex, you may want to have them in different modules.
## Learn more
If you wish to find out more about gen servers, Elixir getting started
guides provide a tutorial-like introduction. The documentation and links
in Erlang can also provide extra insight.
* http://elixir-lang.org/getting_started/mix/1.html
* http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/gen_server.html
* http://www.erlang.org/doc/design_principles/gen_server_concepts.html
* http://learnyousomeerlang.com/clients-and-servers
"""
@typedoc "Return values of `start*` functions"
@type on_start :: {:ok, pid} | :ignore | {:error, {:already_started, pid} | term}
@typedoc "The GenServer name"
@type name :: atom | {:global, term} | {:via, module, term}
@typedoc "Options used by the `start*` functions"
@type options :: [debug: debug,
name: name,
timeout: timeout,
spawn_opt: Process.spawn_opt]
@typedoc "debug options supported by the `start*` functions"
@type debug :: [:trace | :log | :statistics | {:log_to_file, Path.t}]
@typedoc "The server reference"
@type server :: pid | name | {atom, node}
@doc false
defmacro __using__(_) do
quote location: :keep do
@behaviour :gen_server
@doc false
def init(args) do
{:ok, args}
end
@doc false
def handle_call(msg, _from, state) do
{:stop, {:bad_call, msg}, state}
end
@doc false
def handle_info(_msg, state) do
{:noreply, state}
end
@doc false
def handle_cast(msg, state) do
{:stop, {:bad_cast, msg}, state}
end
@doc false
def terminate(_reason, _state) do
:ok
end
@doc false
def code_change(_old, state, _extra) do
{:ok, state}
end
defoverridable [init: 1, handle_call: 3, handle_info: 2,
handle_cast: 2, terminate: 2, code_change: 3]
end
end
@doc """
Starts a `GenServer` process linked to the current process.
This is often used to start the `GenServer` as part of a supervision tree.
Once the server is started, it calls the `init/1` function in the given `module`
passing the given `args` to initialize it. To ensure a synchronized start-up
procedure, this function does not return until `init/1` has returned.
Note that a `GenServer` started with `start_link/3` is linked to the
parent process and will exit in case of crashes. The GenServer will also
exit due to the `:normal` reasons in case it is configured to trap exits
in the `init/1` callback.
## Options
The `:name` option is used for name registration as described in the module
documentation. If the option `:timeout` option is present, the server is
allowed to spend the given milliseconds initializing or it will be
terminated and the start function will return `{:error, :timeout}`.
If the `:debug` option is present, the corresponding function in the
[`:sys` module](http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/sys.html) will be invoked.
If the `:spawn_opt` option is present, its value will be passed as options
to the underlying process as in `Process.spawn/4`.
## Return values
If the server is successfully created and initialized, the function returns
`{:ok, pid}`, where pid is the pid of the server. If there already exists a
process with the specified server name, the function returns
`{:error, {:already_started, pid}}` with the pid of that process.
If the `init/1` callback fails with `reason`, the function returns
`{:error, reason}`. Otherwise, if it returns `{:stop, reason}`
or `:ignore`, the process is terminated and the function returns
`{:error, reason}` or `:ignore`, respectively.
"""
@spec start_link(module, any, options) :: on_start
def start_link(module, args, options \\ []) when is_atom(module) and is_list(options) do
do_start(:link, module, args, options)
end
@doc """
Starts a `GenServer` process without links (outside of a supervision tree).
See `start_link/3` for more information.
"""
@spec start(module, any, options) :: on_start
def start(module, args, options \\ []) when is_atom(module) and is_list(options) do
do_start(:nolink, module, args, options)
end
defp do_start(link, module, args, options) do
case Keyword.pop(options, :name) do
{nil, opts} ->
:gen.start(:gen_server, link, module, args, opts)
{atom, opts} when is_atom(atom) ->
:gen.start(:gen_server, link, {:local, atom}, module, args, opts)
{other, opts} when is_tuple(other) ->
:gen.start(:gen_server, link, other, module, args, opts)
end
end
@doc """
Makes a synchronous call to the `server` and waits for its reply.
The client sends the given `request` to the server and waits until a reply
arrives or a timeout occurs. `handle_call/3` will be called on the server
to handle the request.
The server can be any of the values described in the `Name Registration`
section of the module documentation.
## Timeouts
The `timeout` is an integer greater than zero which specifies how many
milliseconds to wait for a reply, or the atom `:infinity` to wait
indefinitely. The default value is 5000. If no reply is received within
the specified time, the function call fails. If the caller catches the
failure and continues running, and the server is just late with the reply,
it may arrive at any time later into the caller's message queue. The caller
must in this case be prepared for this and discard any such garbage messages
that are two element tuples with a reference as the first element.
"""
@spec call(server, term, timeout) :: term
def call(server, request, timeout \\ 5000) do
try do
:gen.call(server, :"$gen_call", request, timeout)
catch
:exit, reason ->
exit({reason, {__MODULE__, :call, [server, request, timeout]}})
else
{:ok, res} -> res
end
end
@doc """
Sends an asynchronous request to the `server`.
This function returns `:ok` immediately, regardless of
whether the destination node or server does exists, unless
the server is specified as an atom.
`handle_cast/2` will be called on the server to handle
the request. In case the server is a node which is not
yet connected to the caller one, the call is going to
block until a connection happens. This is different than
the behaviour in OTP's `:gen_server` where the message
would be sent by another process, which could cause
messages to arrive out of order.
"""
@spec cast(server, term) :: :ok
def cast(server, request)
def cast({:global, name}, request) do
try do
:global.send(name, cast_msg(request))
:ok
catch
_, _ -> :ok
end
end
def cast({:via, mod, name}, request) do
try do
mod.send(name, cast_msg(request))
:ok
catch
_, _ -> :ok
end
end
def cast({name, node}, request) when is_atom(name) and is_atom(node),
do: do_send({name, node}, cast_msg(request))
def cast(dest, request) when is_atom(dest) or is_pid(dest),
do: do_send(dest, cast_msg(request))
@doc """
Casts all servers locally registered as `name` at the specified nodes.
The function returns immediately and ignores nodes that do not exist, or where the
server name does not exist.
See `multi_call/4` for more information.
"""
@spec abcast([node], name :: atom, term) :: :abcast
def abcast(nodes \\ nodes(), name, request) when is_list(nodes) and is_atom(name) do
msg = cast_msg(request)
_ = for node <- nodes, do: do_send({name, node}, msg)
:abcast
end
defp cast_msg(req) do
{:"$gen_cast", req}
end
defp do_send(dest, msg) do
send(dest, msg)
:ok
end
@doc """
Calls all servers locally registered as `name` at the specified `nodes`.
The `request` is first sent to every node and then we wait for the
replies. This function returns a tuple containing the node and its reply
as first element and all bad nodes as second element. The bad nodes is a
list of nodes that either did not exist, or where a server with the given
`name` did not exist or did not reply.
Nodes is a list of node names to which the request is sent. The default
value is the list of all known nodes.
To avoid that late answers (after the timeout) pollute the caller's message
queue, a middleman process is used to do the actual calls. Late answers will
then be discarded when they arrive to a terminated process.
"""
@spec multi_call([node], name :: atom, term, timeout) ::
{replies :: [{node, term}], bad_nodes :: [node]}
def multi_call(nodes \\ nodes(), name, request, timeout \\ :infinity) do
:gen_server.multi_call(nodes, name, request, timeout)
end
@doc """
Replies to a client.
This function can be used by a server to explicitly send a reply to a
client that called `call/3` or `multi_call/4`. When the reply cannot be
defined in the return value of `handle_call/3`.
The `client` must be the `from` argument (the second argument) received
in `handle_call/3` callbacks. Reply is an arbitrary term which will be
given back to the client as the return value of the call.
This function always returns `:ok`.
"""
@spec reply({pid, reference}, term) :: :ok
def reply(client, reply)
def reply({to, tag}, reply) do
try do
send(to, {tag, reply})
:ok
catch
_, _ -> :ok
end
end
@compile {:inline, [nodes: 0]}
defp nodes do
[node()|:erlang.nodes()]
end
end
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defmodule HashDict do
@moduledoc """
A key-value store.
The `HashDict` is represented internally as a struct, therefore
`%HashDict{}` can be used whenever there is a need to match
on any `HashDict`. Note though the struct fields are private and
must not be accessed directly. Instead, use the functions on this
or in the `Dict` module.
Implementation-wise, `HashDict` is implemented using tries, which
grows in space as the number of keys grows, working well with both
small and large set of keys. For more information about the
functions and their APIs, please consult the `Dict` module.
"""
use Dict
@node_bitmap 0b111
@node_shift 3
@node_size 8
@node_template :erlang.make_tuple(@node_size, [])
@opaque t :: %__MODULE__{size: non_neg_integer, root: term}
@doc false
defstruct size: 0, root: @node_template
# Inline common instructions
@compile :inline_list_funcs
@compile {:inline, key_hash: 1, key_mask: 1, key_shift: 1}
@doc """
Creates a new empty dict.
"""
@spec new :: Dict.t
def new do
%HashDict{}
end
def put(%HashDict{root: root, size: size}, key, value) do
{root, counter} = do_put(root, key, value, key_hash(key))
%HashDict{root: root, size: size + counter}
end
def update!(%HashDict{root: root, size: size} = dict, key, fun) when is_function(fun, 1) do
{root, counter} = do_update(root, key, fn -> raise KeyError, key: key, term: dict end,
fun, key_hash(key))
%HashDict{root: root, size: size + counter}
end
def update(%HashDict{root: root, size: size}, key, initial, fun) when is_function(fun, 1) do
{root, counter} = do_update(root, key, fn -> initial end, fun, key_hash(key))
%HashDict{root: root, size: size + counter}
end
def fetch(%HashDict{root: root}, key) do
do_fetch(root, key, key_hash(key))
end
def delete(dict, key) do
case dict_delete(dict, key) do
{dict, _value} -> dict
:error -> dict
end
end
def pop(dict, key, default \\ nil) do
case dict_delete(dict, key) do
{dict, value} -> {value, dict}
:error -> {default, dict}
end
end
def size(%HashDict{size: size}) do
size
end
@doc false
def reduce(%HashDict{root: root}, acc, fun) do
do_reduce(root, acc, fun, @node_size, fn
{:suspend, acc} -> {:suspended, acc, &{:done, elem(&1, 1)}}
{:halt, acc} -> {:halted, acc}
{:cont, acc} -> {:done, acc}
end)
end
## General helpers
@doc false
def dict_delete(%HashDict{root: root, size: size}, key) do
case do_delete(root, key, key_hash(key)) do
{root, value} -> {%HashDict{root: root, size: size - 1}, value}
:error -> :error
end
end
## Dict manipulation
defp do_fetch(node, key, hash) do
index = key_mask(hash)
case elem(node, index) do
[^key|v] -> {:ok, v}
{^key, v, _} -> {:ok, v}
{_, _, n} -> do_fetch(n, key, key_shift(hash))
_ -> :error
end
end
defp do_put(node, key, value, hash) do
index = key_mask(hash)
case elem(node, index) do
[] ->
{put_elem(node, index, [key|value]), 1}
[^key|_] ->
{put_elem(node, index, [key|value]), 0}
[k|v] ->
n = put_elem(@node_template, key_mask(key_shift(hash)), [key|value])
{put_elem(node, index, {k, v, n}), 1}
{^key, _, n} ->
{put_elem(node, index, {key, value, n}), 0}
{k, v, n} ->
{n, counter} = do_put(n, key, value, key_shift(hash))
{put_elem(node, index, {k, v, n}), counter}
end
end
defp do_update(node, key, initial, fun, hash) do
index = key_mask(hash)
case elem(node, index) do
[] ->
{put_elem(node, index, [key|initial.()]), 1}
[^key|value] ->
{put_elem(node, index, [key|fun.(value)]), 0}
[k|v] ->
n = put_elem(@node_template, key_mask(key_shift(hash)), [key|initial.()])
{put_elem(node, index, {k, v, n}), 1}
{^key, value, n} ->
{put_elem(node, index, {key, fun.(value), n}), 0}
{k, v, n} ->
{n, counter} = do_update(n, key, initial, fun, key_shift(hash))
{put_elem(node, index, {k, v, n}), counter}
end
end
defp do_delete(node, key, hash) do
index = key_mask(hash)
case elem(node, index) do
[] ->
:error
[^key|value] ->
{put_elem(node, index, []), value}
[_|_] ->
:error
{^key, value, n} ->
{put_elem(node, index, do_compact_node(n)), value}
{k, v, n} ->
case do_delete(n, key, key_shift(hash)) do
{@node_template, value} ->
{put_elem(node, index, [k|v]), value}
{n, value} ->
{put_elem(node, index, {k, v, n}), value}
:error ->
:error
end
end
end
Enum.each 0..(@node_size - 1), fn index ->
defp do_compact_node(node) when elem(node, unquote(index)) != [] do
case elem(node, unquote(index)) do
[k|v] ->
case put_elem(node, unquote(index), []) do
@node_template -> [k|v]
n -> {k, v, n}
end
{k, v, n} ->
{k, v, put_elem(node, unquote(index), do_compact_node(n))}
end
end
end
## Dict reduce
defp do_reduce_each(_node, {:halt, acc}, _fun, _next) do
{:halted, acc}
end
defp do_reduce_each(node, {:suspend, acc}, fun, next) do
{:suspended, acc, &do_reduce_each(node, &1, fun, next)}
end
defp do_reduce_each([], acc, _fun, next) do
next.(acc)
end
defp do_reduce_each([k|v], {:cont, acc}, fun, next) do
next.(fun.({k,v}, acc))
end
defp do_reduce_each({k, v, n}, {:cont, acc}, fun, next) do
do_reduce(n, fun.({k, v}, acc), fun, @node_size, next)
end
defp do_reduce(node, acc, fun, count, next) when count > 0 do
do_reduce_each(:erlang.element(count, node), acc, fun, &do_reduce(node, &1, fun, count - 1, next))
end
defp do_reduce(_node, acc, _fun, 0, next) do
next.(acc)
end
## Key operations
import Bitwise
defp key_hash(key) do
:erlang.phash2(key)
end
defp key_mask(hash) do
hash &&& @node_bitmap
end
defp key_shift(hash) do
hash >>> @node_shift
end
end
defimpl Enumerable, for: HashDict do
def reduce(dict, acc, fun), do: HashDict.reduce(dict, acc, fun)
def member?(dict, {k, v}), do: {:ok, match?({:ok, ^v}, HashDict.fetch(dict, k))}
def member?(_dict, _), do: {:ok, false}
def count(dict), do: {:ok, HashDict.size(dict)}
end
defimpl Access, for: HashDict do
def get(dict, key) do
HashDict.get(dict, key, nil)
end
def get_and_update(dict, key, fun) do
{get, update} = fun.(HashDict.get(dict, key, nil))
{get, HashDict.put(dict, key, update)}
end
end
defimpl Collectable, for: HashDict do
def empty(_dict) do
HashDict.new
end
def into(original) do
{original, fn
dict, {:cont, {k, v}} -> Dict.put(dict, k, v)
dict, :done -> dict
_, :halt -> :ok
end}
end
end
defimpl Inspect, for: HashDict do
import Inspect.Algebra
def inspect(dict, opts) do
concat ["#HashDict<", Inspect.List.inspect(HashDict.to_list(dict), opts), ">"]
end
end
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defmodule HashSet do
@moduledoc """
A set store.
The `HashSet` is represented internally as a struct, therefore
`%HashSet{}` can be used whenever there is a need to match
on any `HashSet`. Note though the struct fields are private and
must not be accessed directly. Instead, use the functions on this
or in the `Set` module.
The `HashSet` is implemented using tries, which grows in
space as the number of keys grows, working well with both
small and large set of keys. For more information about the
functions and their APIs, please consult the `Set` module.
"""
@behaviour Set
@node_bitmap 0b111
@node_shift 3
@node_size 8
@node_template :erlang.make_tuple(@node_size, [])
@opaque t :: %__MODULE__{size: non_neg_integer, root: term}
@doc false
defstruct size: 0, root: @node_template
# Inline common instructions
@compile :inline_list_funcs
@compile {:inline, key_hash: 1, key_mask: 1, key_shift: 1}
@doc """
Creates a new empty set.
"""
@spec new :: Set.t
def new do
%HashSet{}
end
def union(%HashSet{size: size1} = set1, %HashSet{size: size2} = set2) when size1 <= size2 do
set_fold set1, set2, fn v, acc -> put(acc, v) end
end
def union(%HashSet{} = set1, %HashSet{} = set2) do
set_fold set2, set1, fn v, acc -> put(acc, v) end
end
def intersection(%HashSet{} = set1, %HashSet{} = set2) do
set_fold set1, %HashSet{}, fn v, acc ->
if member?(set2, v), do: put(acc, v), else: acc
end
end
def difference(%HashSet{} = set1, %HashSet{} = set2) do
set_fold set2, set1, fn v, acc -> delete(acc, v) end
end
def to_list(set) do
set_fold(set, [], &[&1|&2]) |> :lists.reverse
end
def equal?(%HashSet{size: size1} = set1, %HashSet{size: size2} = set2) do
case size1 do
^size2 -> subset?(set1, set2)
_ -> false
end
end
def subset?(%HashSet{} = set1, %HashSet{} = set2) do
reduce(set1, {:cont, true}, fn member, acc ->
case member?(set2, member) do
true -> {:cont, acc}
_ -> {:halt, false}
end
end) |> elem(1)
end
def disjoint?(%HashSet{} = set1, %HashSet{} = set2) do
reduce(set2, {:cont, true}, fn member, acc ->
case member?(set1, member) do
false -> {:cont, acc}
_ -> {:halt, false}
end
end) |> elem(1)
end
def member?(%HashSet{root: root}, term) do
do_member?(root, term, key_hash(term))
end
def put(%HashSet{root: root, size: size}, term) do
{root, counter} = do_put(root, term, key_hash(term))
%HashSet{root: root, size: size + counter}
end
def delete(%HashSet{root: root, size: size} = set, term) do
case do_delete(root, term, key_hash(term)) do
{:ok, root} -> %HashSet{root: root, size: size - 1}
:error -> set
end
end
@doc false
def reduce(%HashSet{root: root}, acc, fun) do
do_reduce(root, acc, fun, @node_size, fn
{:suspend, acc} -> {:suspended, acc, &{:done, elem(&1, 1)}}
{:halt, acc} -> {:halted, acc}
{:cont, acc} -> {:done, acc}
end)
end
def size(%HashSet{size: size}) do
size
end
## Set helpers
defp set_fold(%HashSet{root: root}, acc, fun) do
do_fold(root, acc, fun, @node_size)
end
## Set manipulation
defp do_member?(node, term, hash) do
index = key_mask(hash)
case elem(node, index) do
[] -> false
[^term|_] -> true
[_] -> false
[_|n] -> do_member?(n, term, key_shift(hash))
end
end
defp do_put(node, term, hash) do
index = key_mask(hash)
case elem(node, index) do
[] ->
{put_elem(node, index, [term]), 1}
[^term|_] ->
{node, 0}
[t] ->
n = put_elem(@node_template, key_mask(key_shift(hash)), [term])
{put_elem(node, index, [t|n]), 1}
[t|n] ->
{n, counter} = do_put(n, term, key_shift(hash))
{put_elem(node, index, [t|n]), counter}
end
end
defp do_delete(node, term, hash) do
index = key_mask(hash)
case elem(node, index) do
[] ->
:error
[^term] ->
{:ok, put_elem(node, index, [])}
[_] ->
:error
[^term|n] ->
{:ok, put_elem(node, index, do_compact_node(n))}
[t|n] ->
case do_delete(n, term, key_shift(hash)) do
{:ok, @node_template} ->
{:ok, put_elem(node, index, [t])}
{:ok, n} ->
{:ok, put_elem(node, index, [t|n])}
:error ->
:error
end
end
end
Enum.each 0..(@node_size - 1), fn index ->
defp do_compact_node(node) when elem(node, unquote(index)) != [] do
case elem(node, unquote(index)) do
[t] ->
case put_elem(node, unquote(index), []) do
@node_template -> [t]
n -> [t|n]
end
[t|n] ->
[t|put_elem(node, unquote(index), do_compact_node(n))]
end
end
end
## Set fold
defp do_fold_each([], acc, _fun), do: acc
defp do_fold_each([t], acc, fun), do: fun.(t, acc)
defp do_fold_each([t|n], acc, fun), do: do_fold(n, fun.(t, acc), fun, @node_size)
defp do_fold(node, acc, fun, count) when count > 0 do
acc = do_fold_each(:erlang.element(count, node), acc, fun)
do_fold(node, acc, fun, count - 1)
end
defp do_fold(_node, acc, _fun, 0) do
acc
end
## Set reduce
defp do_reduce_each(_node, {:halt, acc}, _fun, _next) do
{:halted, acc}
end
defp do_reduce_each(node, {:suspend, acc}, fun, next) do
{:suspended, acc, &do_reduce_each(node, &1, fun, next)}
end
defp do_reduce_each([], acc, _fun, next) do
next.(acc)
end
defp do_reduce_each([t], {:cont, acc}, fun, next) do
next.(fun.(t, acc))
end
defp do_reduce_each([t|n], {:cont, acc}, fun, next) do
do_reduce(n, fun.(t, acc), fun, @node_size, next)
end
defp do_reduce(node, acc, fun, count, next) when count > 0 do
do_reduce_each(:erlang.element(count, node), acc, fun, &do_reduce(node, &1, fun, count - 1, next))
end
defp do_reduce(_node, acc, _fun, 0, next) do
next.(acc)
end
## Key operations
import Bitwise
defp key_hash(key) do
:erlang.phash2(key)
end
defp key_mask(hash) do
hash &&& @node_bitmap
end
defp key_shift(hash) do
hash >>> @node_shift
end
end
defimpl Enumerable, for: HashSet do
def reduce(set, acc, fun), do: HashSet.reduce(set, acc, fun)
def member?(set, v), do: {:ok, HashSet.member?(set, v)}
def count(set), do: {:ok, HashSet.size(set)}
end
defimpl Collectable, for: HashSet do
def empty(_dict) do
HashSet.new
end
def into(original) do
{original, fn
set, {:cont, x} -> HashSet.put(set, x)
set, :done -> set
_, :halt -> :ok
end}
end
end
defimpl Inspect, for: HashSet do
import Inspect.Algebra
def inspect(set, opts) do
concat ["#HashSet<", Inspect.List.inspect(HashSet.to_list(set), opts), ">"]
end
end
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import Kernel, except: [inspect: 1]
import Inspect.Algebra
defprotocol Inspect do
@moduledoc """
The `Inspect` protocol is responsible for converting any Elixir
data structure into an algebra document. This document is then
formatted, either in pretty printing format or a regular one.
The `inspect/2` function receives the entity to be inspected
followed by the inspecting options, represented by the struct
`Inspect.Opts`.
Inspection is done using the functions available in `Inspect.Algebra`.
## Examples
Many times, inspecting a structure can be implemented in function
of existing entities. For example, here is `HashSet`'s `inspect`
implementation:
defimpl Inspect, for: HashSet do
import Inspect.Algebra
def inspect(dict, opts) do
concat ["#HashSet<", to_doc(HashSet.to_list(dict), opts), ">"]
end
end
The `concat` function comes from `Inspect.Algebra` and it
concatenates algebra documents together. In the example above,
it is concatenating the string `"HashSet<"` (all strings are
valid algebra documents that keep their formatting when pretty
printed), the document returned by `Inspect.Algebra.to_doc/2` and the
other string `">"`.
Since regular strings are valid entities in an algebra document,
an implementation of inspect may simply return a string,
although that will devoid it of any pretty-printing.
## Error handling
In case there is an error while your structure is being inspected,
Elixir will automatically fall back to a raw representation.
You can however access the underlying error by invoking the Inspect
implementation directly. For example, to test Inspect.HashSet above,
you can invoke it as:
Inspect.HashSet.inspect(HashSet.new, Inspect.Opts.new)
"""
# Handle structs in Any
@fallback_to_any true
def inspect(thing, opts)
end
defimpl Inspect, for: Atom do
require Macro
def inspect(atom, _opts) do
inspect(atom)
end
def inspect(false), do: "false"
def inspect(true), do: "true"
def inspect(nil), do: "nil"
def inspect(:""), do: ":\"\""
def inspect(atom) do
binary = Atom.to_string(atom)
cond do
valid_ref_identifier?(binary) ->
if only_elixir?(binary) do
binary
else
"Elixir." <> rest = binary
rest
end
valid_atom_identifier?(binary) ->
":" <> binary
atom in [:%{}, :{}, :<<>>, :..., :%] ->
":" <> binary
atom in Macro.binary_ops or atom in Macro.unary_ops ->
":" <> binary
true ->
<< ?:, ?", Inspect.BitString.escape(binary, ?") :: binary, ?" >>
end
end
defp only_elixir?("Elixir." <> rest), do: only_elixir?(rest)
defp only_elixir?("Elixir"), do: true
defp only_elixir?(_), do: false
# Detect if atom is an atom alias (Elixir.Foo.Bar.Baz)
defp valid_ref_identifier?("Elixir" <> rest) do
valid_ref_piece?(rest)
end
defp valid_ref_identifier?(_), do: false
defp valid_ref_piece?(<<?., h, t :: binary>>) when h in ?A..?Z do
valid_ref_piece? valid_identifier?(t)
end
defp valid_ref_piece?(<<>>), do: true
defp valid_ref_piece?(_), do: false
# Detect if atom
defp valid_atom_identifier?(<<h, t :: binary>>) when h in ?a..?z or h in ?A..?Z or h == ?_ do
valid_atom_piece?(t)
end
defp valid_atom_identifier?(_), do: false
defp valid_atom_piece?(t) do
case valid_identifier?(t) do
<<>> -> true
<<??>> -> true
<<?!>> -> true
<<?@, t::binary>> -> valid_atom_piece?(t)
_ -> false
end
end
defp valid_identifier?(<<h, t :: binary>>)
when h in ?a..?z
when h in ?A..?Z
when h in ?0..?9
when h == ?_ do
valid_identifier? t
end
defp valid_identifier?(other), do: other
end
defimpl Inspect, for: BitString do
def inspect(thing, %Inspect.Opts{binaries: bins} = opts) when is_binary(thing) do
if bins == :as_strings or (bins == :infer and String.printable?(thing)) do
<<?", escape(thing, ?") :: binary, ?">>
else
inspect_bitstring(thing, opts)
end
end
def inspect(thing, opts) do
inspect_bitstring(thing, opts)
end
## Escaping
@doc false
def escape(other, char) do
escape(other, char, <<>>)
end
defp escape(<< char, t :: binary >>, char, binary) do
escape(t, char, << binary :: binary, ?\\, char >>)
end
defp escape(<<?#, ?{, t :: binary>>, char, binary) do
escape(t, char, << binary :: binary, ?\\, ?#, ?{>>)
end
defp escape(<<?\a, t :: binary>>, char, binary) do
escape(t, char, << binary :: binary, ?\\, ?a >>)
end
defp escape(<<?\b, t :: binary>>, char, binary) do
escape(t, char, << binary :: binary, ?\\, ?b >>)
end
defp escape(<<?\d, t :: binary>>, char, binary) do
escape(t, char, << binary :: binary, ?\\, ?d >>)
end
defp escape(<<?\e, t :: binary>>, char, binary) do
escape(t, char, << binary :: binary, ?\\, ?e >>)
end
defp escape(<<?\f, t :: binary>>, char, binary) do
escape(t, char, << binary :: binary, ?\\, ?f >>)
end
defp escape(<<?\n, t :: binary>>, char, binary) do
escape(t, char, << binary :: binary, ?\\, ?n >>)
end
defp escape(<<?\r, t :: binary>>, char, binary) do
escape(t, char, << binary :: binary, ?\\, ?r >>)
end
defp escape(<<?\\, t :: binary>>, char, binary) do
escape(t, char, << binary :: binary, ?\\, ?\\ >>)
end
defp escape(<<?\t, t :: binary>>, char, binary) do
escape(t, char, << binary :: binary, ?\\, ?t >>)
end
defp escape(<<?\v, t :: binary>>, char, binary) do
escape(t, char, << binary :: binary, ?\\, ?v >>)
end
defp escape(<<h :: utf8, t :: binary>>, char, binary) do
head = << h :: utf8 >>
if String.printable?(head) do
escape(t, char, append(head, binary))
else
<< byte :: size(8), h :: binary >> = head
t = << h :: binary, t :: binary >>
escape(t, char, << binary :: binary, escape_char(byte) :: binary >>)
end
end
defp escape(<<h, t :: binary>>, char, binary) do
escape(t, char, << binary :: binary, escape_char(h) :: binary >>)
end
defp escape(<<>>, _char, binary), do: binary
@doc false
# Also used by Regex
def escape_char(0) do
<<?\\, ?0>>
end
def escape_char(char) when char < 0x100 do
<<a::4, b::4>> = <<char::size(8)>>
<<?\\, ?x, to_hex(a), to_hex(b)>>
end
def escape_char(char) when char < 0x10000 do
<<a::4, b::4, c::4, d::4>> = <<char::size(16)>>
<<?\\, ?x, ?{, to_hex(a), to_hex(b), to_hex(c), to_hex(d), ?}>>
end
def escape_char(char) when char < 0x1000000 do
<<a::4, b::4, c::4, d::4, e::4, f::4>> = <<char::size(24)>>
<<?\\, ?x, ?{, to_hex(a), to_hex(b), to_hex(c),
to_hex(d), to_hex(e), to_hex(f), ?}>>
end
defp to_hex(c) when c in 0..9, do: ?0+c
defp to_hex(c) when c in 10..15, do: ?A+c-10
defp append(<<h, t :: binary>>, binary), do: append(t, << binary :: binary, h >>)
defp append(<<>>, binary), do: binary
## Bitstrings
defp inspect_bitstring(bitstring, opts) do
each_bit(bitstring, opts.limit, "<<") <> ">>"
end
defp each_bit(_, 0, acc) do
acc <> "..."
end
defp each_bit(<<h, t :: bitstring>>, counter, acc) when t != <<>> do
each_bit(t, decrement(counter), acc <> Integer.to_string(h) <> ", ")
end
defp each_bit(<<h :: size(8)>>, _counter, acc) do
acc <> Integer.to_string(h)
end
defp each_bit(<<>>, _counter, acc) do
acc
end
defp each_bit(bitstring, _counter, acc) do
size = bit_size(bitstring)
<<h :: size(size)>> = bitstring
acc <> Integer.to_string(h) <> "::size(" <> Integer.to_string(size) <> ")"
end
defp decrement(:infinity), do: :infinity
defp decrement(counter), do: counter - 1
end
defimpl Inspect, for: List do
def inspect([], _opts), do: "[]"
def inspect(thing, %Inspect.Opts{char_lists: lists} = opts) do
cond do
lists == :as_char_lists or (lists == :infer and printable?(thing)) ->
<< ?', Inspect.BitString.escape(IO.chardata_to_string(thing), ?') :: binary, ?' >>
keyword?(thing) ->
surround_many("[", thing, "]", opts, &keyword/2)
true ->
surround_many("[", thing, "]", opts, &to_doc/2)
end
end
def keyword({key, value}, opts) do
concat(
key_to_binary(key) <> ": ",
to_doc(value, opts)
)
end
def keyword?([{key, _value} | rest]) when is_atom(key) do
case Atom.to_char_list(key) do
'Elixir.' ++ _ -> false
_ -> keyword?(rest)
end
end
def keyword?([]), do: true
def keyword?(_other), do: false
## Private
defp key_to_binary(key) do
case Inspect.Atom.inspect(key) do
":" <> right -> right
other -> other
end
end
defp printable?([c|cs]) when is_integer(c) and c in 32..126, do: printable?(cs)
defp printable?([?\n|cs]), do: printable?(cs)
defp printable?([?\r|cs]), do: printable?(cs)
defp printable?([?\t|cs]), do: printable?(cs)
defp printable?([?\v|cs]), do: printable?(cs)
defp printable?([?\b|cs]), do: printable?(cs)
defp printable?([?\f|cs]), do: printable?(cs)
defp printable?([?\e|cs]), do: printable?(cs)
defp printable?([?\a|cs]), do: printable?(cs)
defp printable?([]), do: true
defp printable?(_), do: false
end
defimpl Inspect, for: Tuple do
def inspect({}, _opts), do: "{}"
def inspect(tuple, opts) do
surround_many("{", Tuple.to_list(tuple), "}", opts, &to_doc/2)
end
end
defimpl Inspect, for: Map do
def inspect(map, opts) do
nest inspect(map, "", opts), 1
end
def inspect(map, name, opts) do
map = :maps.to_list(map)
surround_many("%" <> name <> "{", map, "}", opts, traverse_fun(map))
end
defp traverse_fun(list) do
if Inspect.List.keyword?(list) do
&Inspect.List.keyword/2
else
&to_map/2
end
end
defp to_map({key, value}, opts) do
concat(
concat(to_doc(key, opts), " => "),
to_doc(value, opts)
)
end
end
defimpl Inspect, for: Integer do
def inspect(thing, %Inspect.Opts{base: base}) do
Integer.to_string(thing, base_to_value(base))
|> prepend_prefix(base)
end
defp base_to_value(base) do
case base do
:binary -> 2
:decimal -> 10
:octal -> 8
:hex -> 16
end
end
defp prepend_prefix(value, :decimal), do: value
defp prepend_prefix(value, base) do
prefix = case base do
:binary -> "0b"
:octal -> "0o"
:hex -> "0x"
end
prefix <> value
end
end
defimpl Inspect, for: Float do
def inspect(thing, _opts) do
IO.iodata_to_binary(:io_lib_format.fwrite_g(thing))
end
end
defimpl Inspect, for: Regex do
def inspect(regex, _opts) do
delim = ?/
concat ["~r",
<<delim, escape(regex.source, delim)::binary, delim>>,
regex.opts]
end
defp escape(bin, term),
do: escape(bin, <<>>, term)
defp escape(<<?\\, term>> <> rest, buf, term),
do: escape(rest, buf <> <<?\\, term>>, term)
defp escape(<<term>> <> rest, buf, term),
do: escape(rest, buf <> <<?\\, term>>, term)
# the list of characters is from `String.printable?` impl
# minus characters treated specially by regex: \s, \d, \b, \e
defp escape(<<?\n>> <> rest, buf, term),
do: escape(rest, <<buf::binary, ?\\, ?n>>, term)
defp escape(<<?\r>> <> rest, buf, term),
do: escape(rest, <<buf::binary, ?\\, ?r>>, term)
defp escape(<<?\t>> <> rest, buf, term),
do: escape(rest, <<buf::binary, ?\\, ?t>>, term)
defp escape(<<?\v>> <> rest, buf, term),
do: escape(rest, <<buf::binary, ?\\, ?v>>, term)
defp escape(<<?\f>> <> rest, buf, term),
do: escape(rest, <<buf::binary, ?\\, ?f>>, term)
defp escape(<<?\a>> <> rest, buf, term),
do: escape(rest, <<buf::binary, ?\\, ?a>>, term)
defp escape(<<c::utf8>> <> rest, buf, term) do
charstr = <<c::utf8>>
if String.printable?(charstr) and not c in [?\d, ?\b, ?\e] do
escape(rest, buf <> charstr, term)
else
escape(rest, buf <> Inspect.BitString.escape_char(c), term)
end
end
defp escape(<<c>> <> rest, buf, term),
do: escape(rest, <<buf::binary, Inspect.BitString.escape_char(c)>>, term)
defp escape(<<>>, buf, _), do: buf
end
defimpl Inspect, for: Function do
def inspect(function, _opts) do
fun_info = :erlang.fun_info(function)
mod = fun_info[:module]
if fun_info[:type] == :external and fun_info[:env] == [] do
"&#{Inspect.Atom.inspect(mod)}.#{fun_info[:name]}/#{fun_info[:arity]}"
else
case Atom.to_char_list(mod) do
'elixir_compiler_' ++ _ ->
if function_exported?(mod, :__RELATIVE__, 0) do
"#Function<#{uniq(fun_info)} in file:#{mod.__RELATIVE__}>"
else
default_inspect(mod, fun_info)
end
_ ->
default_inspect(mod, fun_info)
end
end
end
defp default_inspect(mod, fun_info) do
"#Function<#{uniq(fun_info)}/#{fun_info[:arity]} in " <>
"#{Inspect.Atom.inspect(mod)}#{extract_name(fun_info[:name])}>"
end
defp extract_name([]) do
""
end
defp extract_name(name) do
name = Atom.to_string(name)
case :binary.split(name, "-", [:global]) do
["", name | _] -> "." <> name
_ -> "." <> name
end
end
defp uniq(fun_info) do
Integer.to_string(fun_info[:new_index]) <> "." <>
Integer.to_string(fun_info[:uniq])
end
end
defimpl Inspect, for: PID do
def inspect(pid, _opts) do
"#PID" <> IO.iodata_to_binary(:erlang.pid_to_list(pid))
end
end
defimpl Inspect, for: Port do
def inspect(port, _opts) do
IO.iodata_to_binary :erlang.port_to_list(port)
end
end
defimpl Inspect, for: Reference do
def inspect(ref, _opts) do
'#Ref' ++ rest = :erlang.ref_to_list(ref)
"#Reference" <> IO.iodata_to_binary(rest)
end
end
defimpl Inspect, for: Any do
def inspect(%{__struct__: struct} = map, opts) do
try do
struct.__struct__
rescue
_ -> Inspect.Map.inspect(map, opts)
else
dunder ->
if :maps.keys(dunder) == :maps.keys(map) do
pruned = :maps.remove(:__exception__, :maps.remove(:__struct__, map))
Inspect.Map.inspect(pruned, Inspect.Atom.inspect(struct, opts), opts)
else
Inspect.Map.inspect(map, opts)
end
end
end
end
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@@ -1,529 +0,0 @@
defmodule Inspect.Opts do
@moduledoc """
Defines the Inspect.Opts used by the Inspect protocol.
The following fields are available:
* `:structs` - when false, structs are not formatted by the inspect
protocol, they are instead printed as maps, defaults to true.
* `:binaries` - when `:as_strings` all binaries will be printed as strings,
non-printable bytes will be escaped.
When `:as_binaries` all binaries will be printed in bit syntax.
When the default `:infer`, the binary will be printed as a string if it
is printable, otherwise in bit syntax.
* `:char_lists` - when `:as_char_lists` all lists will be printed as char
lists, non-printable elements will be escaped.
When `:as_lists` all lists will be printed as lists.
When the default `:infer`, the list will be printed as a char list if it
is printable, otherwise as list.
* `:limit` - limits the number of items that are printed for tuples,
bitstrings, and lists, does not apply to strings nor char lists, defaults
to 50.
* `:pretty` - if set to true enables pretty printing, defaults to false.
* `:width` - defaults to the 80 characters, used when pretty is true or
when printing to IO devices.
* `:base` - print integers as :binary, :octal, :decimal, or :hex, defaults
to :decimal
"""
defstruct structs: true,
binaries: :infer,
char_lists: :infer,
limit: 50,
width: 80,
base: :decimal,
pretty: false
@type t :: %__MODULE__{
structs: boolean,
binaries: :infer | :as_binaries | :as_strings,
char_lists: :infer | :as_lists | :as_char_lists,
limit: pos_integer,
width: pos_integer | :infinity,
base: :decimal | :binary | :hex | :octal,
pretty: boolean}
end
defmodule Inspect.Algebra do
@moduledoc ~S"""
A set of functions for creating and manipulating algebra
documents, as described in ["Strictly Pretty" (2000) by Christian Lindig][0].
An algebra document is represented by an `Inspect.Algebra` node
or a regular string.
iex> Inspect.Algebra.empty
:doc_nil
iex> "foo"
"foo"
With the functions in this module, we can concatenate different
elements together and render them:
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.concat(Inspect.Algebra.empty, "foo")
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 80)
["foo"]
The functions `nest/2`, `space/2` and `line/2` help you put the
document together into a rigid structure. However, the document
algebra gets interesting when using functions like `break/2`, which
converts the given string into a line break depending on how much space
there is to print. Let's glue two docs together with a break and then
render it:
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.glue("a", " ", "b")
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 80)
["a", " ", "b"]
Notice the break was represented as is, because we haven't reached
a line limit. Once we do, it is replaced by a newline:
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.glue(String.duplicate("a", 20), " ", "b")
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 10)
["aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", "\n", "b"]
Finally, this module also contains Elixir related functions, a bit
tied to Elixir formatting, namely `surround/3` and `surround_many/5`.
## Implementation details
The original Haskell implementation of the algorithm by [Wadler][1]
relies on lazy evaluation to unfold document groups on two alternatives:
`:flat` (breaks as spaces) and `:break` (breaks as newlines).
Implementing the same logic in a strict language such as Elixir leads
to an exponential growth of possible documents, unless document groups
are encoded explictly as `:flat` or `:break`. Those groups are then reduced
to a simple document, where the layout is already decided, per [Lindig][0].
This implementation slightly changes the semantic of Lindig's algorithm
to allow elements that belong to the same group to be printed together
in the same line, even if they do not fit the line fully. This was achieved
by changing `:break` to mean a possible break and `:flat` to force a flat
structure. Then deciding if a break works as a newline is just a matter
of checking if we have enough space until the next break that is not
inside a group (which is still flat).
Custom pretty printers can be implemented using the documents returned
by this module and by providing their own rendering functions.
[0]: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.34.2200
[1]: http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/wadler/papers/prettier/prettier.pdf
"""
@surround_separator ","
@tail_separator " |"
@newline "\n"
@nesting 1
@break " "
# Functional interface to `doc` records
@type t :: :doc_nil | :doc_line | doc_cons | doc_nest | doc_break | doc_group | binary
@typep doc_cons :: {:doc_cons, t, t}
defmacrop doc_cons(left, right) do
quote do: {:doc_cons, unquote(left), unquote(right)}
end
@typep doc_nest :: {:doc_nest, t, non_neg_integer}
defmacrop doc_nest(doc, indent) do
quote do: {:doc_nest, unquote(doc), unquote(indent) }
end
@typep doc_break :: {:doc_break, binary}
defmacrop doc_break(break) do
quote do: {:doc_break, unquote(break)}
end
@typep doc_group :: {:doc_group, t}
defmacrop doc_group(group) do
quote do: {:doc_group, unquote(group)}
end
defmacrop is_doc(doc) do
if Macro.Env.in_guard?(__CALLER__) do
do_is_doc(doc)
else
var = quote do: doc
quote do
unquote(var) = unquote(doc)
unquote(do_is_doc(var))
end
end
end
defp do_is_doc(doc) do
quote do
is_binary(unquote(doc)) or
unquote(doc) in [:doc_nil, :doc_line] or
(is_tuple(unquote(doc)) and
elem(unquote(doc), 0) in [:doc_cons, :doc_nest, :doc_break, :doc_group])
end
end
@doc """
Converts an Elixir structure to an algebra document
according to the inspect protocol.
"""
@spec to_doc(any, Inspect.Opts.t) :: t
def to_doc(%{__struct__: struct} = map, %Inspect.Opts{} = opts) when is_atom(struct) do
if opts.structs do
try do
Inspect.inspect(map, opts)
rescue
e ->
# Because we try to raise a nice error message in case
# we can't inspect a struct, there is a chance the error
# message itself relies on the struct being printed, so
# we need to trap the inspected messages to guarantee
# we won't try to render any failed instruct when building
# the error message.
if Process.get(:inspect_trap) do
Inspect.Map.inspect(map, opts)
else
try do
Process.put(:inspect_trap, true)
res = Inspect.Map.inspect(map, opts)
formatted = IO.iodata_to_binary(format(res, :infinity))
raise ArgumentError,
"Got #{inspect e.__struct__} with message " <>
"\"#{Exception.message(e)}\" while inspecting #{formatted}"
after
Process.delete(:inspect_trap)
end
end
end
else
Inspect.Map.inspect(map, opts)
end
end
def to_doc(arg, %Inspect.Opts{} = opts) do
Inspect.inspect(arg, opts)
end
@doc """
Returns a document entity used to represent nothingness.
## Examples
iex> Inspect.Algebra.empty
:doc_nil
"""
@spec empty() :: :doc_nil
def empty, do: :doc_nil
@doc """
Concatenates two document entities.
## Examples
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.concat "hello", "world"
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 80)
["hello", "world"]
"""
@spec concat(t, t) :: doc_cons
def concat(x, y) when is_doc(x) and is_doc(y) do
doc_cons(x, y)
end
@doc """
Concatenates a list of documents.
"""
@spec concat([t]) :: doc_cons
def concat(docs) do
folddoc(docs, &concat(&1, &2))
end
@doc ~S"""
Nests document entity `x` positions deep.
Nesting will be appended to the line breaks.
## Examples
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.nest(Inspect.Algebra.glue("hello", "world"), 5)
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 5)
["hello", "\n ", "world"]
"""
@spec nest(t, non_neg_integer) :: doc_nest
def nest(x, 0) when is_doc(x) do
x
end
def nest(x, i) when is_doc(x) and is_integer(i) do
doc_nest(x, i)
end
@doc ~S"""
Document entity representing a break.
This break can be rendered as a linebreak or as spaces,
depending on the `mode` of the chosen layout or the provided
separator.
## Examples
Let's glue two docs together with a break and then render it:
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.glue("a", " ", "b")
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 80)
["a", " ", "b"]
Notice the break was represented as is, because we haven't reached
a line limit. Once we do, it is replaced by a newline:
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.glue(String.duplicate("a", 20), " ", "b")
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 10)
["aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa", "\n", "b"]
"""
@spec break(binary) :: doc_break
def break(s) when is_binary(s), do: doc_break(s)
@spec break() :: doc_break
def break(), do: doc_break(@break)
@doc """
Inserts a break between two docs. See `break/1` for more info.
"""
@spec glue(t, t) :: doc_cons
def glue(x, y), do: concat(x, concat(break, y))
@doc """
Inserts a break, passed as the second argument, between two docs,
the first and the third arguments.
"""
@spec glue(t, binary, t) :: doc_cons
def glue(x, g, y) when is_binary(g), do: concat(x, concat(break(g), y))
@doc ~S"""
Returns a group containing the specified document.
## Examples
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.group(
...> Inspect.Algebra.concat(
...> Inspect.Algebra.group(
...> Inspect.Algebra.concat(
...> "Hello,",
...> Inspect.Algebra.concat(
...> Inspect.Algebra.break,
...> "A"
...> )
...> )
...> ),
...> Inspect.Algebra.concat(
...> Inspect.Algebra.break,
...> "B"
...> )
...> ))
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 80)
["Hello,", " ", "A", " ", "B"]
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 6)
["Hello,", "\n", "A", " ", "B"]
"""
@spec group(t) :: doc_group
def group(d) when is_doc(d) do
doc_group(d)
end
@doc """
Inserts a mandatory single space between two document entities.
## Examples
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.space "Hughes", "Wadler"
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 80)
["Hughes", " ", "Wadler"]
"""
@spec space(t, t) :: doc_cons
def space(x, y), do: concat(x, concat(" ", y))
@doc ~S"""
Inserts a mandatory linebreak between two document entities.
## Examples
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.line "Hughes", "Wadler"
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 80)
["Hughes", "\n", "Wadler"]
"""
@spec line(t, t) :: doc_cons
def line(x, y), do: concat(x, concat(:doc_line, y))
@doc """
Folds a list of document entities into a document entity
using a function that is passed as the first argument.
## Examples
iex> doc = ["A", "B"]
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.folddoc(doc, fn(x,y) ->
...> Inspect.Algebra.concat [x, "!", y]
...> end)
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 80)
["A", "!", "B"]
"""
@spec folddoc([t], ((t, t) -> t)) :: t
def folddoc([], _), do: empty
def folddoc([doc], _), do: doc
def folddoc([d|ds], f), do: f.(d, folddoc(ds, f))
# Elixir conveniences
@doc ~S"""
Surrounds a document with characters.
Puts the document between left and right enclosing and nesting it.
The document is marked as a group, to show the maximum as possible
concisely together.
## Examples
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.surround "[", Inspect.Algebra.glue("a", "b"), "]"
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 3)
["[", "a", "\n ", "b", "]"]
"""
@spec surround(binary, t, binary) :: t
def surround(left, doc, right) do
group concat left, concat(nest(doc, @nesting), right)
end
@doc ~S"""
Maps and glues a collection of items.
It uses the given left and right as surrounding and a separator for
each item. A limit can be passed which, once reached, stops gluing
and outputs "..." instead.
## Examples
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.surround_many("[", Enum.to_list(1..5), "]",
...> %Inspect.Opts{limit: :infinity}, fn i, _opts -> to_string(i) end)
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 5) |> IO.iodata_to_binary
"[1,\n 2,\n 3,\n 4,\n 5]"
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.surround_many("[", Enum.to_list(1..5), "]",
...> %Inspect.Opts{limit: 3}, fn i, _opts -> to_string(i) end)
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 20) |> IO.iodata_to_binary
"[1, 2, 3, ...]"
iex> doc = Inspect.Algebra.surround_many("[", Enum.to_list(1..5), "]",
...> %Inspect.Opts{limit: 3}, fn i, _opts -> to_string(i) end, "!")
iex> Inspect.Algebra.format(doc, 20) |> IO.iodata_to_binary
"[1! 2! 3! ...]"
"""
@spec surround_many(binary, [any], binary, Inspect.Opts.t, (term, Inspect.Opts.t -> t), binary) :: t
def surround_many(left, docs, right, opts, fun, separator \\ @surround_separator) do
do_surround_many(left, docs, right, opts.limit, opts, fun, separator)
end
defp do_surround_many(left, [], right, _, _opts, _fun, _) do
concat(left, right)
end
defp do_surround_many(left, docs, right, limit, _opts, fun, sep) do
surround(left, do_surround_many(docs, limit, _opts, fun, sep), right)
end
defp do_surround_many(_, 0, _opts, _fun, _sep) do
"..."
end
defp do_surround_many([h], limit, opts, fun, _sep) do
fun.(h, %{opts | limit: limit})
end
defp do_surround_many([h|t], limit, opts, fun, sep) when is_list(t) do
limit = decrement(limit)
glue(
concat(fun.(h, %{opts | limit: limit}), sep),
do_surround_many(t, limit, opts, fun, sep)
)
end
defp do_surround_many([h|t], limit, opts, fun, _sep) do
limit = decrement(limit)
glue(
concat(fun.(h, %{opts | limit: limit}), @tail_separator),
fun.(t, %{opts | limit: limit})
)
end
defp decrement(:infinity), do: :infinity
defp decrement(counter), do: counter - 1
@doc """
The formatting function.
Takes the maximum width and a document to print as its arguments
and returns an IO data representation of the best layout for the
document to fit in the given width.
"""
@spec format(t, non_neg_integer | :infinity) :: iodata
def format(d, w) do
format(w, 0, [{0, default_mode(w), doc_group(d)}])
end
defp default_mode(:infinity), do: :flat
defp default_mode(_), do: :break
# Record representing the document mode to be rendered: flat or broken
@typep mode :: :flat | :break
@spec fits?(integer, [{integer, mode, t}]) :: boolean
defp fits?(w, _) when w < 0, do: false
defp fits?(_, []), do: true
defp fits?(_, [{_, _, :doc_line} | _]), do: true
defp fits?(w, [{_, _, :doc_nil} | t]), do: fits?(w, t)
defp fits?(w, [{i, m, doc_cons(x, y)} | t]), do: fits?(w, [{i, m, x} | [{i, m, y} | t]])
defp fits?(w, [{i, m, doc_nest(x, j)} | t]), do: fits?(w, [{i + j, m, x} | t])
defp fits?(w, [{i, _, doc_group(x)} | t]), do: fits?(w, [{i, :flat, x} | t])
defp fits?(w, [{_, _, s} | t]) when is_binary(s), do: fits?((w - byte_size s), t)
defp fits?(w, [{_, :flat, doc_break(s)} | t]), do: fits?((w - byte_size s), t)
defp fits?(_, [{_, :break, doc_break(_)} | _]), do: true
@spec format(integer | :infinity, integer, [{integer, mode, t}]) :: [binary]
defp format(_, _, []), do: []
defp format(w, _, [{i, _, :doc_line} | t]), do: [indent(i) | format(w, i, t)]
defp format(w, k, [{_, _, :doc_nil} | t]), do: format(w, k, t)
defp format(w, k, [{i, m, doc_cons(x, y)} | t]), do: format(w, k, [{i, m, x} | [{i, m, y} | t]])
defp format(w, k, [{i, m, doc_nest(x, j)} | t]), do: format(w, k, [{i + j, m, x} | t])
defp format(w, k, [{i, m, doc_group(x)} | t]), do: format(w, k, [{i, m, x} | t])
defp format(w, k, [{_, _, s} | t]) when is_binary(s), do: [s | format(w, (k + byte_size s), t)]
defp format(w, k, [{_, :flat, doc_break(s)} | t]), do: [s | format(w, (k + byte_size s), t)]
defp format(w, k, [{i, :break, doc_break(s)} | t]) do
k = k + byte_size(s)
if w == :infinity or fits?(w - k, t) do
[s | format(w, k, t)]
else
[indent(i) | format(w, i, t)]
end
end
defp indent(0), do: @newline
defp indent(i), do: @newline <> :binary.copy(" ", i)
end
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defmodule Integer do
@moduledoc """
Functions for working with integers.
"""
import Bitwise
@doc """
Determines if an integer is odd.
Returns `true` if `n` is an odd number, otherwise `false`.
Allowed in guard clauses.
"""
defmacro is_odd(n) do
quote do: (unquote(n) &&& 1) == 1
end
@doc """
Determines if an integer is even.
Returns `true` if `n` is an even number, otherwise `false`.
Allowed in guard clauses.
"""
defmacro is_even(n) do
quote do: (unquote(n) &&& 1) == 0
end
@doc """
Converts a binary to an integer.
If successful, returns a tuple of the form `{integer, remainder_of_binary}`.
Otherwise `:error`.
## Examples
iex> Integer.parse("34")
{34,""}
iex> Integer.parse("34.5")
{34,".5"}
iex> Integer.parse("three")
:error
"""
@spec parse(binary) :: {integer, binary} | :error
def parse(<< ?-, bin :: binary >>) do
case do_parse(bin) do
:error -> :error
{number, remainder} -> {-number, remainder}
end
end
def parse(<< ?+, bin :: binary >>) do
do_parse(bin)
end
def parse(bin) when is_binary(bin) do
do_parse(bin)
end
defp do_parse(<< char, bin :: binary >>) when char in ?0..?9, do: do_parse(bin, char - ?0)
defp do_parse(_), do: :error
defp do_parse(<< char, rest :: binary >>, acc) when char in ?0..?9 do
do_parse rest, 10 * acc + (char - ?0)
end
defp do_parse(bitstring, acc) do
{acc, bitstring}
end
@doc """
Returns a binary which corresponds to the text representation
of `some_integer`.
Inlined by the compiler.
## Examples
iex> Integer.to_string(123)
"123"
"""
@spec to_string(integer) :: String.t
def to_string(some_integer) do
:erlang.integer_to_binary(some_integer)
end
@doc """
Returns a binary which corresponds to the text representation
of `some_integer` in base `base`.
Inlined by the compiler.
## Examples
iex> Integer.to_string(100, 16)
"64"
"""
@spec to_string(integer, 2..36) :: String.t
def to_string(some_integer, base) do
:erlang.integer_to_binary(some_integer, base)
end
@doc """
Returns a char list which corresponds to the text representation of the given integer.
Inlined by the compiler.
## Examples
iex> Integer.to_char_list(7)
'7'
"""
@spec to_char_list(integer) :: char_list
def to_char_list(number) do
:erlang.integer_to_list(number)
end
@doc """
Returns a char list which corresponds to the text representation of the
given integer in the given case.
Inlined by the compiler.
## Examples
iex> Integer.to_char_list(1023, 16)
'3FF'
"""
@spec to_char_list(integer, 2..36) :: char_list
def to_char_list(number, base) do
:erlang.integer_to_list(number, base)
end
end
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defmodule IO do
@moduledoc """
Functions handling IO.
Many functions in this module expects an IO device as argument.
An IO device must be a pid or an atom representing a process.
For convenience, Elixir provides `:stdio` and `:stderr` as
shortcuts to Erlang's `:standard_io` and `:standard_error`.
The majority of the functions expect char data, i.e. strings or
lists of characters and strings. In case another type is given,
it will do a conversion to string via the `String.Chars` protocol
(as shown in typespecs).
The functions starting with `bin*` expects iodata as argument,
i.e. binaries or lists of bytes and binaries.
## IO devices
An IO device may be an atom or a pid. In case it is an atom,
the atom must be the name of a registered process. However,
there are three exceptions for this rule:
* `:standard_io` - when the `:standard_io` atom is given,
it is treated as a shortcut for `Process.group_leader`
* `:stdio` - is a shortcut for `:standard_io`
* `:stderr` - is a shortcut for `:standard_error`
"""
@type device :: atom | pid
@type nodata :: {:error, term} | :eof
@type chardata() :: :unicode.chardata()
import :erlang, only: [group_leader: 0]
defmacrop is_iodata(data) do
quote do
is_list(unquote(data)) or is_binary(unquote(data))
end
end
@doc """
Reads `count` characters from the IO device, a whole
`:line` or the whole device with `:all`.
It returns:
* `data` - the input characters
* `:eof` - end of file was encountered
* `{:error, reason}` - other (rare) error condition;
for instance, `{:error, :estale}` if reading from an
NFS volume
If `:all` is given, `:eof` is never returned, but an
empty string in case the device has reached EOF.
"""
@spec read(device, :all | :line | non_neg_integer) :: chardata | nodata
def read(device \\ group_leader, chars_or_line)
def read(device, :all) do
do_read_all(map_dev(device), "")
end
def read(device, :line) do
:io.get_line(map_dev(device), '')
end
def read(device, count) when count >= 0 do
:io.get_chars(map_dev(device), '', count)
end
defp do_read_all(mapped_dev, acc) do
case :io.get_line(mapped_dev, "") do
line when is_binary(line) -> do_read_all(mapped_dev, acc <> line)
:eof -> acc
other -> other
end
end
@doc """
Reads `count` characters from the IO device, a whole
`:line` or the whole device with `:all`.
It returns:
* `data` - the input characters
* `:eof` - end of file was encountered
* `{:error, reason}` - other (rare) error condition;
for instance, `{:error, :estale}` if reading from an
NFS volume
If `:all` is given, `:eof` is never returned, but an
empty string in case the device has reached EOF.
Note: do not use this function on IO devices in unicode mode
as it will return the wrong result.
"""
@spec binread(device, :all | :line | non_neg_integer) :: iodata | nodata
def binread(device \\ group_leader, chars_or_line)
def binread(device, :all) do
do_binread_all(map_dev(device), "")
end
def binread(device, :line) do
case :file.read_line(map_dev(device)) do
{:ok, data} -> data
other -> other
end
end
def binread(device, count) when count >= 0 do
case :file.read(map_dev(device), count) do
{:ok, data} -> data
other -> other
end
end
defp do_binread_all(mapped_dev, acc) do
case :file.read_line(mapped_dev) do
{:ok, data} -> do_binread_all(mapped_dev, acc <> data)
:eof -> acc
other -> other
end
end
@doc """
Writes the given argument to the given device.
By default the device is the standard output.
It returns `:ok` if it succeeds.
## Examples
IO.write "sample"
#=> "sample"
IO.write :stderr, "error"
#=> "error"
"""
@spec write(device, chardata | String.Chars.t) :: :ok
def write(device \\ group_leader(), item) do
:io.put_chars map_dev(device), to_chardata(item)
end
@doc """
Writes the given argument to the given device
as a binary, no unicode conversion happens.
Check `write/2` for more information.
Note: do not use this function on IO devices in unicode mode
as it will return the wrong result.
"""
@spec binwrite(device, iodata) :: :ok | {:error, term}
def binwrite(device \\ group_leader(), item) when is_iodata(item) do
:file.write map_dev(device), item
end
@doc """
Writes the argument to the device, similar to `write/2`,
but adds a newline at the end. The argument is expected
to be a chardata.
"""
@spec puts(device, chardata | String.Chars.t) :: :ok
def puts(device \\ group_leader(), item) do
erl_dev = map_dev(device)
:io.put_chars erl_dev, [to_chardata(item), ?\n]
end
@doc """
Inspects and writes the given argument to the device.
It enables pretty printing by default with width of
80 characters. The width can be changed by explicitly
passing the `:width` option.
## Examples
IO.inspect Process.list, width: 40
"""
@spec inspect(term, Keyword.t) :: term
def inspect(item, opts \\ []) do
inspect group_leader(), item, opts
end
@doc """
Inspects the item with options using the given device.
"""
@spec inspect(device, term, Keyword.t) :: term
def inspect(device, item, opts) when is_list(opts) do
opts = struct(Inspect.Opts, opts)
iodata = Inspect.Algebra.format(Inspect.Algebra.to_doc(item, opts), opts.width)
puts device, iodata
item
end
@doc """
Gets a number of bytes from the io device. If the
io device is a unicode device, `count` implies
the number of unicode codepoints to be retrieved.
Otherwise, `count` is the number of raw bytes to be retrieved.
It returns:
* `data` - the input characters
* `:eof` - end of file was encountered
* `{:error, reason}` - other (rare) error condition;
for instance, `{:error, :estale}` if reading from an
NFS volume
"""
@spec getn(chardata | String.Chars.t, pos_integer) :: chardata | nodata
@spec getn(device, chardata | String.Chars.t) :: chardata | nodata
def getn(prompt, count \\ 1)
def getn(prompt, count) when is_integer(count) do
getn(group_leader, prompt, count)
end
def getn(device, prompt) do
getn(device, prompt, 1)
end
@doc """
Gets a number of bytes from the io device. If the
io device is a unicode device, `count` implies
the number of unicode codepoints to be retrieved.
Otherwise, `count` is the number of raw bytes to be retrieved.
"""
@spec getn(device, chardata | String.Chars.t, pos_integer) :: chardata | nodata
def getn(device, prompt, count) do
:io.get_chars(map_dev(device), to_chardata(prompt), count)
end
@doc """
Reads a line from the IO device. It returns:
* `data` - the characters in the line terminated
by a LF (or end of file)
* `:eof` - end of file was encountered
* `{:error, reason}` - other (rare) error condition;
for instance, `{:error, :estale}` if reading from an
NFS volume
"""
@spec gets(device, chardata | String.Chars.t) :: chardata | nodata
def gets(device \\ group_leader(), prompt) do
:io.get_line(map_dev(device), to_chardata(prompt))
end
@doc """
Converts the io device into a `IO.Stream`.
An `IO.Stream` implements both `Enumerable` and
`Collectable`, allowing it to be used for both read
and write.
The device is iterated line by line if `:line` is given or
by a given number of codepoints.
This reads the IO as utf-8. Check out
`IO.binstream/2` to handle the IO as a raw binary.
Note that an IO stream has side effects and every time
you go over the stream you may get different results.
## Examples
Here is an example on how we mimic an echo server
from the command line:
Enum.each IO.stream(:stdio, :line), &IO.write(&1)
"""
@spec stream(device, :line | pos_integer) :: Enumerable.t
def stream(device, line_or_codepoints) do
IO.Stream.__build__(map_dev(device), false, line_or_codepoints)
end
@doc """
Converts the IO device into a `IO.Stream`.
An `IO.Stream` implements both `Enumerable` and
`Collectable`, allowing it to be used for both read
and write.
The device is iterated line by line or by a number of bytes.
This reads the IO device as a raw binary.
Note that an IO stream has side effects and every time
you go over the stream you may get different results.
Finally, do not use this function on IO devices in unicode
mode as it will return the wrong result.
"""
@spec binstream(device, :line | pos_integer) :: Enumerable.t
def binstream(device, line_or_bytes) do
IO.Stream.__build__(map_dev(device), true, line_or_bytes)
end
@doc """
Converts chardata (a list of integers representing codepoints,
lists and strings) into a string.
In case the conversion fails, it raises a `UnicodeConversionError`.
If a string is given, returns the string itself.
## Examples
iex> IO.chardata_to_string([0x00E6, 0x00DF])
"æß"
iex> IO.chardata_to_string([0x0061, "bc"])
"abc"
"""
@spec chardata_to_string(chardata) :: String.t | no_return
def chardata_to_string(string) when is_binary(string) do
string
end
def chardata_to_string(list) when is_list(list) do
case :unicode.characters_to_binary(list) do
result when is_binary(result) ->
result
{:error, encoded, rest} ->
raise UnicodeConversionError, encoded: encoded, rest: rest, kind: :invalid
{:incomplete, encoded, rest} ->
raise UnicodeConversionError, encoded: encoded, rest: rest, kind: :incomplete
end
end
@doc """
Converts iodata (a list of integers representing bytes, lists
and binaries) into a binary.
Notice that this function treats lists of integers as raw bytes
and does not perform any kind of encoding conversion. If you want
to convert from a char list to a string (UTF-8 encoded), please
use `chardata_to_string/1` instead.
If this function receives a binary, the same binary is returned.
Inlined by the compiler.
## Examples
iex> bin1 = <<1, 2, 3>>
iex> bin2 = <<4, 5>>
iex> bin3 = <<6>>
iex> IO.iodata_to_binary([bin1, 1, [2, 3, bin2], 4|bin3])
<<1,2,3,1,2,3,4,5,4,6>>
iex> bin = <<1, 2, 3>>
iex> IO.iodata_to_binary(bin)
<<1,2,3>>
"""
@spec iodata_to_binary(iodata) :: binary
def iodata_to_binary(item) do
:erlang.iolist_to_binary(item)
end
@doc """
Returns the size of an iodata.
Inlined by the compiler.
## Examples
iex> IO.iodata_length([1, 2|<<3, 4>>])
4
"""
@spec iodata_length(iodata) :: non_neg_integer
def iodata_length(item) do
:erlang.iolist_size(item)
end
@doc false
def each_stream(device, what) do
case read(device, what) do
:eof ->
{:halt, device}
{:error, reason} ->
raise IO.StreamError, reason: reason
data ->
{[data], device}
end
end
@doc false
def each_binstream(device, what) do
case binread(device, what) do
:eof ->
{:halt, device}
{:error, reason} ->
raise IO.StreamError, reason: reason
data ->
{[data], device}
end
end
@compile {:inline, map_dev: 1, to_chardata: 1}
# Map the Elixir names for standard io and error to Erlang names
defp map_dev(:stdio), do: :standard_io
defp map_dev(:stderr), do: :standard_error
defp map_dev(other) when is_atom(other) or is_pid(other) or is_tuple(other), do: other
defp to_chardata(list) when is_list(list), do: list
defp to_chardata(other), do: to_string(other)
end
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defmodule IO.ANSI.Sequence do
@moduledoc false
defmacro defsequence(name, code \\ "", terminator \\ "m") do
quote bind_quoted: [name: name, code: code, terminator: terminator] do
def unquote(name)() do
"\e[#{unquote(code)}#{unquote(terminator)}"
end
defp format_sequence(unquote(name)) do
unquote(name)()
end
end
end
end
defmodule IO.ANSI do
@moduledoc """
Functionality to render ANSI escape sequences
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code) — characters embedded
in text used to control formatting, color, and other output options
on video text terminals.
"""
import IO.ANSI.Sequence
@typep ansicode :: atom()
@typep ansilist :: maybe_improper_list(char() | ansicode() | binary() | ansilist(), binary() | ansicode() | [])
@type ansidata :: ansilist() | ansicode() | binary()
@doc """
Checks if ANSI coloring is supported and enabled on this machine.
This function simply reads the configuration value for
`:ansi_enabled` in the `:elixir` application. The value is by
default false unless Elixir can detect during startup that
both `stdout` and `stderr` are terminals.
"""
@spec enabled? :: boolean
def enabled? do
Application.get_env(:elixir, :ansi_enabled, false)
end
@doc "Resets all attributes"
defsequence :reset, 0
@doc "Bright (increased intensity) or Bold"
defsequence :bright, 1
@doc "Faint (decreased intensity), not widely supported"
defsequence :faint, 2
@doc "Italic: on. Not widely supported. Sometimes treated as inverse."
defsequence :italic, 3
@doc "Underline: Single"
defsequence :underline, 4
@doc "Blink: Slow. Less than 150 per minute"
defsequence :blink_slow, 5
@doc "Blink: Rapid. MS-DOS ANSI.SYS; 150 per minute or more; not widely supported"
defsequence :blink_rapid, 6
@doc "Image: Negative. Swap foreground and background"
defsequence :inverse, 7
@doc "Image: Negative. Swap foreground and background"
defsequence :reverse, 7
@doc "Conceal. Not widely supported"
defsequence :conceal, 8
@doc "Crossed-out. Characters legible, but marked for deletion. Not widely supported."
defsequence :crossed_out, 9
@doc "Sets primary (default) font"
defsequence :primary_font, 10
for font_n <- [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] do
@doc "Sets alternative font #{font_n}"
defsequence :"font_#{font_n}", font_n + 10
end
@doc "Normal color or intensity"
defsequence :normal, 22
@doc "Not italic"
defsequence :not_italic, 23
@doc "Underline: None"
defsequence :no_underline, 24
@doc "Blink: off"
defsequence :blink_off, 25
colors = [:black, :red, :green, :yellow, :blue, :magenta, :cyan, :white]
colors = Enum.zip(0..(length(colors)-1), colors)
for {code, color} <- colors do
@doc "Sets foreground color to #{color}"
defsequence color, code + 30
@doc "Sets background color to #{color}"
defsequence :"#{color}_background", code + 40
end
@doc "Default text color"
defsequence :default_color, 39
@doc "Default background color"
defsequence :default_background, 49
@doc "Framed"
defsequence :framed, 51
@doc "Encircled"
defsequence :encircled, 52
@doc "Overlined"
defsequence :overlined, 53
@doc "Not framed or encircled"
defsequence :not_framed_encircled, 54
@doc "Not overlined"
defsequence :not_overlined, 55
@doc "Send cursor home"
defsequence :home, "", "H"
@doc "Clear screen"
defsequence :clear, "2", "J"
defp format_sequence(other) do
raise ArgumentError, "invalid ANSI sequence specification: #{other}"
end
@doc ~S"""
Formats a chardata-like argument by converting named ANSI sequences into actual
ANSI codes.
The named sequences are represented by atoms.
It will also append an `IO.ANSI.reset` to the chardata when a conversion is
performed. If you don't want this behaviour, use `format_fragment/2`.
An optional boolean parameter can be passed to enable or disable
emitting actual ANSI codes. When `false`, no ANSI codes will emitted.
By default checks if ANSI is enabled using the `enabled?/0` function.
## Examples
iex> IO.ANSI.format(["Hello, ", :red, :bright, "world!"], true)
[[[[[[], "Hello, "] | "\e[31m"] | "\e[1m"], "world!"] | "\e[0m"]
"""
def format(chardata, emit \\ enabled?) when is_boolean(emit) do
do_format(chardata, [], [], emit, :maybe)
end
@doc ~S"""
Formats a chardata-like argument by converting named ANSI sequences into actual
ANSI codes.
The named sequences are represented by atoms.
An optional boolean parameter can be passed to enable or disable
emitting actual ANSI codes. When `false`, no ANSI codes will emitted.
By default checks if ANSI is enabled using the `enabled?/0` function.
## Examples
iex> IO.ANSI.format_fragment([:bright, 'Word'], true)
[[[[[[] | "\e[1m"], 87], 111], 114], 100]
"""
def format_fragment(chardata, emit \\ enabled?) when is_boolean(emit) do
do_format(chardata, [], [], emit, false)
end
defp do_format([term | rest], rem, acc, emit, append_reset) do
do_format(term, [rest | rem], acc, emit, append_reset)
end
defp do_format(term, rem, acc, true, append_reset) when is_atom(term) do
do_format([], rem, [acc | format_sequence(term)], true, !!append_reset)
end
defp do_format(term, rem, acc, false, append_reset) when is_atom(term) do
do_format([], rem, acc, false, append_reset)
end
defp do_format(term, rem, acc, emit, append_reset) when not is_list(term) do
do_format([], rem, [acc | [term]], emit, append_reset)
end
defp do_format([], [next | rest], acc, emit, append_reset) do
do_format(next, rest, acc, emit, append_reset)
end
defp do_format([], [], acc, true, true) do
[acc | IO.ANSI.reset]
end
defp do_format([], [], acc, _emit, _append_reset) do
acc
end
end
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defmodule IO.ANSI.Docs do
@moduledoc false
@bullets [?*, ?-, ?+]
@doc """
The default options used by this module.
The supported values are:
* `:enabled` - toggles coloring on and off (true)
* `:doc_bold` - bold text (bright)
* `:doc_code` - code blocks (cyan, bright)
* `:doc_headings` - h1 and h2 headings (yellow, bright)
* `:doc_inline_code` - inline code (cyan)
* `:doc_table_heading` - style for table headings
* `:doc_title` - top level heading (reverse, yellow, bright)
* `:doc_underline` - underlined text (underline)
* `:width` - the width to format the text (80)
Values for the color settings are strings with
comma-separated ANSI values.
"""
def default_options do
[enabled: true,
doc_bold: [:bright],
doc_code: [:cyan, :bright],
doc_headings: [:yellow, :bright],
doc_inline_code: [:cyan],
doc_table_heading: [:reverse],
doc_title: [:reverse, :yellow, :bright],
doc_underline: [:underline],
width: 80]
end
@doc """
Prints the head of the documentation (i.e. the function signature).
See `default_options/0` for docs on the supported options.
"""
def print_heading(heading, options \\ []) do
IO.puts IO.ANSI.reset
options = Keyword.merge(default_options, options)
width = options[:width]
padding = div(width + String.length(heading), 2)
heading = heading |> String.rjust(padding) |> String.ljust(width)
write(:doc_title, heading, options)
newline_after_block
end
@doc """
Prints the documentation body.
In addition to the printing string, takes a set of options
defined in `default_options/1`.
"""
def print(doc, options \\ []) do
options = Keyword.merge(default_options, options)
doc
|> String.split(["\r\n","\n"], trim: false)
|> Enum.map(&String.rstrip/1)
|> process([], "", options)
end
defp process([], text, indent, options) do
write_text(text, indent, options)
end
defp process(["# " <> heading | rest], text, indent, options) do
write_text(text, indent, options)
write_h1(String.strip(heading), options)
process(rest, [], "", options)
end
defp process(["## " <> heading | rest], text, indent, options) do
write_text(text, indent, options)
write_h2(String.strip(heading), options)
process(rest, [], "", options)
end
defp process(["### " <> heading | rest], text, indent, options) do
write_text(text, indent, options)
write_h3(String.strip(heading), indent, options)
process(rest, [], "", options)
end
defp process(["" | rest], text, indent, options) do
write_text(text, indent, options)
process(rest, [], indent, options)
end
defp process([" " <> line | rest], text, indent, options) do
write_text(text, indent, options)
process_code(rest, [line], indent, options)
end
defp process(all=[line | rest], text, indent, options) do
{stripped, count} = strip_spaces(line, 0, :infinity)
if is_table_line?(stripped) and rest != [] and is_table_line?(hd(rest)) do
write_text(text, indent, options)
process_table(all, indent, options)
else
case stripped do
<<bullet, ?\s, item :: binary>> when bullet in @bullets ->
write_text(text, indent, options)
process_list("• ", item, rest, count, indent, options)
<<d1, ?., ?\s, item :: binary>> when d1 in ?0..?9 ->
write_text(text, indent, options)
process_list(<<d1, ?., ?\s>>, item, rest, count, indent, options)
<<d1, d2, ?., ?\s, item :: binary>> when d1 in ?0..?9 and d2 in ?0..?9 ->
write_text(text, indent, options)
process_list(<<d1, d2, ?., ?\s>>, item, rest, count, indent, options)
_ ->
process(rest, [stripped | text], indent, options)
end
end
end
## Headings
defp write_h1(heading, options) do
write_h2(String.upcase(heading), options)
end
defp write_h2(heading, options) do
write(:doc_headings, heading, options)
newline_after_block
end
defp write_h3(heading, indent, options) do
IO.write(indent)
write(:doc_headings, heading, options)
newline_after_block
end
## Lists
defp process_list(entry, line, rest, count, indent, options) do
# The first list always win some extra padding
if indent == "", do: entry = " " <> entry
new_indent = indent <> String.duplicate(" ", String.length(entry))
{contents, rest, done} = process_list_next(rest, count, byte_size(new_indent), [])
process(contents, [indent <> entry <> line, :no_wrap], new_indent, options)
if done, do: newline_after_block()
process(rest, [], indent, options)
end
defp process_list_next([line | rest], count, max, acc) do
{stripped, next_count} = strip_spaces(line, 0, max)
case process_list_next_kind(stripped, rest, count, next_count) do
:next -> process_list_next(rest, count, max, [stripped | acc])
:done -> {Enum.reverse(acc), [line | rest], true}
:list -> {Enum.reverse(acc), [line | rest], false}
end
end
defp process_list_next([], _count, _max, acc) do
{Enum.reverse(acc), [], true}
end
defp process_list_next_kind(stripped, rest, count, next_count) do
case {stripped, rest} do
{<<bullet, ?\s, _ :: binary>>, _} when bullet in @bullets and next_count <= count ->
:list
{<<d1, ?., ?\s, _ :: binary>>, _} when d1 in ?0..?9 and next_count <= count ->
:list
{<<d1, d2, ?., ?\s, _ :: binary>>, _} when d1 in ?0..?9 and d2 in ?0..?9 and next_count <= count ->
:list
{"", [" " <> _ | _]} ->
:next
{"", _} ->
:done
_ ->
:next
end
end
## Text
defp write_text(text, indent, options) do
case Enum.reverse(text) do
[:no_wrap|rest] -> write_text(rest, indent, options, true)
rest -> write_text(rest, indent, options, false)
end
end
defp write_text([], _indent, _options, _no_wrap) do
:ok
end
defp write_text(lines, indent, options, no_wrap) do
lines
|> Enum.join(" ")
|> handle_links
|> handle_inline(nil, [], [], options)
|> String.split(~r{\s})
|> write_with_wrap(options[:width] - byte_size(indent), indent, no_wrap)
unless no_wrap, do: newline_after_block()
end
## Code blocks
defp process_code([], code, indent, options) do
write_code(code, indent, options)
end
# Blank line between code blocks
defp process_code(["", " " <> line | rest], code, indent, options) do
process_code(rest, [line, "" | code], indent, options)
end
defp process_code([" " <> line | rest], code, indent, options) do
process_code(rest, [line|code], indent, options)
end
defp process_code(rest, code, indent, options) do
write_code(code, indent, options)
process(rest, [], indent, options)
end
defp write_code(code, indent, options) do
write(:doc_code, "#{indent}┃ #{Enum.join(Enum.reverse(code), "\n#{indent}┃ ")}", options)
newline_after_block
end
## Tables
defp process_table(lines, indent, options) do
{table, rest} = Enum.split_while(lines, &is_table_line?/1)
table_lines(table, options)
newline_after_block
process(rest, [], indent, options)
end
defp table_lines(lines, options) do
lines = Enum.map(lines, &split_into_columns(&1, options))
count = Enum.map(lines, &length/1) |> Enum.max
lines = Enum.map(lines, &pad_to_number_of_columns(&1, count))
widths = for line <- lines, do:
(for {_col, length} <- line, do: length)
col_widths = Enum.reduce(widths,
List.duplicate(0, count),
&max_column_widths/2)
render_table(lines, col_widths, options)
end
defp split_into_columns(line, options) do
line
|> String.strip(?|)
|> String.strip()
|> String.split(~r/\s\|\s/)
|> Enum.map(&render_column(&1, options))
end
defp render_column(col, options) do
col = col
|> String.replace(~r/\\ \|/x, "|")
|> handle_links
|> handle_inline(nil, [], [], options)
{col, length_without_escape(col, 0)}
end
defp pad_to_number_of_columns(cols, col_count),
do: cols ++ List.duplicate({"", 0}, col_count - length(cols))
defp max_column_widths(cols, widths),
do: Enum.zip(cols, widths) |> Enum.map(fn {a,b} -> max(a,b) end)
# If second line is heading separator, use the heading style on the first
defp render_table([first, second | rest], widths, options) do
combined = Enum.zip(first, widths)
if table_header?(second) do
draw_table_row(combined, options, :heading)
render_table(rest, widths, options)
else
draw_table_row(combined, options)
render_table([second | rest], widths, options)
end
end
defp render_table([first | rest], widths, options) do
combined = Enum.zip(first, widths)
draw_table_row(combined, options)
render_table(rest, widths, options)
end
defp render_table([], _, _),
do: nil
defp table_header?(row), do:
Enum.all?(row, fn {col, _} -> col =~ ~r/^:?-+:?$/ end)
defp draw_table_row(cols_and_widths, options, heading \\ false) do
columns =
Enum.map_join(cols_and_widths, " | ", fn {{col, length}, width} ->
col <> String.duplicate(" ", width - length)
end)
if heading do
write(:doc_table_heading, columns, options)
else
IO.puts columns
end
end
defp is_table_line?(line) do
Regex.match?(~r'''
( ^ \s{0,3} \| (?: [^|]+ \|)+ \s* $ )
|
(\s \| \s)
'''x, line)
end
## Helpers
defp strip_spaces(" " <> line, acc, max) when acc < max,
do: strip_spaces(line, acc + 1, max)
defp strip_spaces(rest, acc, _max),
do: {rest, acc}
defp write(style, string, options) do
IO.puts [color(style, options), string, IO.ANSI.reset]
end
defp write_with_wrap([], _available, _indent, _first) do
:ok
end
defp write_with_wrap(words, available, indent, first) do
{words, rest} = take_words(words, available, [])
IO.puts (if first, do: "", else: indent) <> Enum.join(words, " ")
write_with_wrap(rest, available, indent, false)
end
defp take_words([word|words], available, acc) do
available = available - length_without_escape(word, 0)
cond do
# It fits, take one for space and continue decreasing
available > 0 ->
take_words(words, available - 1, [word|acc])
# No space but we got no words
acc == [] ->
{[word], words}
# Otherwise
true ->
{Enum.reverse(acc), [word|words]}
end
end
defp take_words([], _available, acc) do
{Enum.reverse(acc), []}
end
defp length_without_escape(<< ?\e, ?[, _, _, ?m, rest :: binary >>, count) do
length_without_escape(rest, count)
end
defp length_without_escape(<< ?\e, ?[, _, ?m, rest :: binary >>, count) do
length_without_escape(rest, count)
end
defp length_without_escape(rest, count) do
case String.next_grapheme(rest) do
{_, rest} -> length_without_escape(rest, count + 1)
nil -> count
end
end
defp handle_links(text) do
text
|> remove_square_brackets_in_link
|> escape_underlines_in_link
end
defp escape_underlines_in_link(text) do
case Regex.match?(~r{.*(https?\S*)}, text) do
true -> Regex.replace(~r{_}, text, "\\\\_")
_ -> text
end
end
defp remove_square_brackets_in_link(text) do
Regex.replace(~r{\[(.*?)\]\((.*?)\)}, text, "\\1 (\\2)")
end
# Single inline quotes.
@single [?`, ?_, ?*]
# ` does not require space in between
@spaced [?_, ?*]
# Clauses for handling spaces
defp handle_inline(<<?*, ?*, ?\s, rest :: binary>>, nil, buffer, acc, options) do
handle_inline(rest, nil, [?\s, ?*, ?*|buffer], acc, options)
end
defp handle_inline(<<mark, ?\s, rest :: binary>>, nil, buffer, acc, options) when mark in @spaced do
handle_inline(rest, nil, [?\s, mark|buffer], acc, options)
end
defp handle_inline(<<?\s, ?*, ?*, rest :: binary>>, limit, buffer, acc, options) do
handle_inline(rest, limit, [?*, ?*, ?\s|buffer], acc, options)
end
defp handle_inline(<<?\s, mark, rest :: binary>>, limit, buffer, acc, options) when mark in @spaced do
handle_inline(rest, limit, [mark, ?\s|buffer], acc, options)
end
# Clauses for handling escape
defp handle_inline(<<?\\, ?\\, rest :: binary>>, limit, buffer, acc, options) do
handle_inline(rest, limit, [?\\|buffer], acc, options)
end
defp handle_inline(<<?\\, ?*, ?*, rest :: binary>>, limit, buffer, acc, options) do
handle_inline(rest, limit, [?*, ?*|buffer], acc, options)
end
# A escape is not valid inside `
defp handle_inline(<<?\\, mark, rest :: binary>>, limit, buffer, acc, options)
when mark in [?_, ?*, ?`] and not(mark == limit and mark == ?`) do
handle_inline(rest, limit, [mark|buffer], acc, options)
end
# Inline start
defp handle_inline(<<?*, ?*, rest :: binary>>, nil, buffer, acc, options) when rest != "" do
handle_inline(rest, ?d, ["**"], [Enum.reverse(buffer)|acc], options)
end
defp handle_inline(<<mark, rest :: binary>>, nil, buffer, acc, options) when rest != "" and mark in @single do
handle_inline(rest, mark, [<<mark>>], [Enum.reverse(buffer)|acc], options)
end
# Inline end
defp handle_inline(<<?*, ?*, rest :: binary>>, ?d, buffer, acc, options) do
handle_inline(rest, nil, [], [inline_buffer(buffer, options)|acc], options)
end
defp handle_inline(<<mark, rest :: binary>>, mark, buffer, acc, options) when mark in @single do
handle_inline(rest, nil, [], [inline_buffer(buffer, options)|acc], options)
end
defp handle_inline(<<char, rest :: binary>>, mark, buffer, acc, options) do
handle_inline(rest, mark, [char|buffer], acc, options)
end
defp handle_inline(<<>>, _mark, buffer, acc, _options) do
IO.iodata_to_binary Enum.reverse([Enum.reverse(buffer)|acc])
end
defp inline_buffer(buffer, options) do
[h|t] = Enum.reverse([IO.ANSI.reset|buffer])
[color_for(h, options)|t]
end
defp color_for(mark, colors) do
case mark do
"`" -> color(:doc_inline_code, colors)
"_" -> color(:doc_underline, colors)
"*" -> color(:doc_bold, colors)
"**" -> color(:doc_bold, colors)
end
end
defp color(style, colors) do
color = colors[style]
IO.ANSI.format_fragment(color, colors[:enabled])
end
defp newline_after_block, do: IO.puts(IO.ANSI.reset)
end
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@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
defmodule IO.StreamError do
defexception [:reason, :message]
def exception(opts) do
reason = opts[:reason]
formatted = IO.iodata_to_binary(:file.format_error(reason))
%IO.StreamError{message: "error during streaming: #{formatted}", reason: reason}
end
end
defmodule IO.Stream do
@moduledoc """
Defines a `IO.Stream` struct returned by `IO.stream/2` and `IO.binstream/2`.
The following fields are public:
* `device` - the IO device
* `raw` - a boolean indicating if bin functions should be used
* `line_or_bytes` - if reading should read lines or a given amount of bytes
"""
defstruct device: nil, raw: true, line_or_bytes: :line
@type t :: %__MODULE__{}
@doc false
def __build__(device, raw, line_or_bytes) do
%IO.Stream{device: device, raw: raw, line_or_bytes: line_or_bytes}
end
defimpl Collectable do
def empty(stream) do
stream
end
def into(%{device: device, raw: raw} = stream) do
{:ok, into(stream, device, raw)}
end
defp into(stream, device, raw) do
fn
:ok, {:cont, x} ->
case raw do
true -> IO.binwrite(device, x)
false -> IO.write(device, x)
end
:ok, _ -> stream
end
end
end
defimpl Enumerable do
def reduce(%{device: device, raw: raw, line_or_bytes: line_or_bytes}, acc, fun) do
next_fun =
case raw do
true -> &IO.each_binstream(&1, line_or_bytes)
false -> &IO.each_stream(&1, line_or_bytes)
end
Stream.resource(fn -> device end, next_fun, &(&1)).(acc, fun)
end
def count(_stream) do
{:error, __MODULE__}
end
def member?(_stream, _term) do
{:error, __MODULE__}
end
end
end
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-430
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@@ -1,430 +0,0 @@
defmodule Kernel.CLI do
@moduledoc false
@blank_config %{commands: [], output: ".", compile: [],
halt: true, compiler_options: [], errors: [],
pa: [], pz: [], verbose_compile: false}
@doc """
This is the API invoked by Elixir boot process.
"""
def main(argv) do
argv = for arg <- argv, do: IO.chardata_to_string(arg)
{config, argv} = parse_argv(argv)
:elixir_code_server.cast({:paths, config.pa, config.pz})
System.argv(argv)
run fn _ ->
errors = process_commands(config)
if errors != [] do
Enum.each(errors, &IO.puts(:stderr, &1))
System.halt(1)
end
end, config.halt
end
@doc """
Runs the given function by catching any failure
and printing them to stdout. `at_exit` hooks are
also invoked before exiting.
This function is used by Elixir's CLI and also
by escripts generated by Elixir.
"""
def run(fun, halt \\ true) do
res = exec_fun(fun, {:ok, 0})
if elem(res, 0) == :shutdown or halt do
{_, int} = at_exit(res)
System.halt(int)
end
end
@doc false
def parse_argv(argv) do
parse_argv(argv, @blank_config)
end
@doc false
def process_commands(config) do
results = Enum.map(Enum.reverse(config.commands), &process_command(&1, config))
errors = for {:error, msg} <- results, do: msg
Enum.reverse(config.errors, errors)
end
## Helpers
defp at_exit(res) do
hooks = :elixir_code_server.call(:flush_at_exit)
res = Enum.reduce(hooks, res, &exec_fun/2)
if hooks == [], do: res, else: at_exit(res)
end
defp exec_fun(fun, res) when is_function(fun, 1) and is_tuple(res) do
parent = self()
{pid, ref} =
spawn_monitor fn ->
try do
fun.(elem(res, 1))
catch
:exit, {:shutdown, int} when is_integer(int) ->
send parent, {self, {:shutdown, int}}
exit({:shutdown, int})
:exit, reason
when reason == :normal
when reason == :shutdown
when tuple_size(reason) == 2 and elem(reason, 0) == :shutdown ->
send parent, {self, {:shutdown, 0}}
exit(reason)
kind, reason ->
stack = System.stacktrace
print_error(kind, reason, stack)
send parent, {self, {:shutdown, 1}}
:erlang.raise(kind, reason, stack)
else
_ ->
send parent, {self, res}
end
end
receive do
{^pid, res} ->
:erlang.demonitor(ref, [:flush])
res
{:DOWN, ^ref, _, _, other} ->
print_error({:EXIT, pid}, other, [])
{:shutdown, 1}
end
end
defp shared_option?(list, config, callback) do
case parse_shared(list, config) do
{[h|hs], _} when h == hd(list) ->
new_config = %{config | errors: ["#{h} : Unknown option" | config.errors]}
callback.(hs, new_config)
{new_list, new_config} ->
callback.(new_list, new_config)
end
end
defp print_error(kind, reason, trace) do
IO.puts :stderr, Exception.format(kind, reason, prune_stacktrace(trace))
end
@elixir_internals [:elixir, :elixir_exp, :elixir_compiler, :elixir_module, :elixir_translator,
:elixir_expand, :elixir_lexical]
defp prune_stacktrace([{mod, _, _, _}|t]) when mod in @elixir_internals do
prune_stacktrace(t)
end
defp prune_stacktrace([{__MODULE__, :wrapper, 1, _}|_]) do
[]
end
defp prune_stacktrace([h|t]) do
[h|prune_stacktrace(t)]
end
defp prune_stacktrace([]) do
[]
end
# Parse shared options
defp parse_shared([opt|_t], _config) when opt in ["-v", "--version"] do
IO.puts "Elixir #{System.version}"
System.halt 0
end
defp parse_shared(["-pa", h|t], config) do
paths = expand_code_path(h)
Enum.each(paths, &:code.add_patha/1)
parse_shared t, %{config | pa: config.pa ++ paths}
end
defp parse_shared(["-pz", h|t], config) do
paths = expand_code_path(h)
Enum.each(paths, &:code.add_pathz/1)
parse_shared t, %{config | pz: config.pz ++ paths}
end
defp parse_shared(["--app", h|t], config) do
parse_shared t, %{config | commands: [{:app, h} | config.commands]}
end
defp parse_shared(["--no-halt"|t], config) do
parse_shared t, %{config | halt: false}
end
defp parse_shared(["-e", h|t], config) do
parse_shared t, %{config | commands: [{:eval, h} | config.commands]}
end
defp parse_shared(["-r", h|t], config) do
parse_shared t, %{config | commands: [{:require, h} | config.commands]}
end
defp parse_shared(["-pr", h|t], config) do
parse_shared t, %{config | commands: [{:parallel_require, h} | config.commands]}
end
defp parse_shared([erl, _|t], config) when erl in ["--erl", "--sname", "--name", "--cookie"] do
parse_shared t, config
end
defp parse_shared([erl|t], config) when erl in ["--detached", "--hidden", "--werl"] do
parse_shared t, config
end
defp parse_shared(list, config) do
{list, config}
end
defp expand_code_path(path) do
path = Path.expand(path)
case Path.wildcard(path) do
[] -> [to_char_list(path)]
list -> Enum.map(list, &to_char_list/1)
end
end
# Process init options
defp parse_argv(["--"|t], config) do
{config, t}
end
defp parse_argv(["+elixirc"|t], config) do
parse_compiler t, config
end
defp parse_argv(["+iex"|t], config) do
parse_iex t, config
end
defp parse_argv(["-S", h|t], config) do
{%{config | commands: [{:script, h} | config.commands]}, t}
end
defp parse_argv([h|t] = list, config) do
case h do
"-" <> _ ->
shared_option? list, config, &parse_argv(&1, &2)
_ ->
if Keyword.has_key?(config.commands, :eval) do
{config, list}
else
{%{config | commands: [{:file, h} | config.commands]}, t}
end
end
end
defp parse_argv([], config) do
{config, []}
end
# Parse compiler options
defp parse_compiler(["--"|t], config) do
{config, t}
end
defp parse_compiler(["-o", h|t], config) do
parse_compiler t, %{config | output: h}
end
defp parse_compiler(["--no-docs"|t], config) do
parse_compiler t, %{config | compiler_options: [{:docs, false} | config.compiler_options]}
end
defp parse_compiler(["--no-debug-info"|t], config) do
parse_compiler t, %{config | compiler_options: [{:debug_info, false} | config.compiler_options]}
end
defp parse_compiler(["--ignore-module-conflict"|t], config) do
parse_compiler t, %{config | compiler_options: [{:ignore_module_conflict, true} | config.compiler_options]}
end
defp parse_compiler(["--warnings-as-errors"|t], config) do
parse_compiler t, %{config | compiler_options: [{:warnings_as_errors, true} | config.compiler_options]}
end
defp parse_compiler(["--verbose"|t], config) do
parse_compiler t, %{config | verbose_compile: true}
end
defp parse_compiler([h|t] = list, config) do
case h do
"-" <> _ ->
shared_option? list, config, &parse_compiler(&1, &2)
_ ->
pattern = if File.dir?(h), do: "#{h}/**/*.ex", else: h
parse_compiler t, %{config | compile: [pattern | config.compile]}
end
end
defp parse_compiler([], config) do
{%{config | commands: [{:compile, config.compile}|config.commands]}, []}
end
# Parse iex options
defp parse_iex(["--"|t], config) do
{config, t}
end
# This clause is here so that Kernel.CLI does not
# error out with "unknown option"
defp parse_iex(["--dot-iex", _|t], config) do
parse_iex t, config
end
defp parse_iex([opt, _|t], config) when opt in ["--remsh"] do
parse_iex t, config
end
defp parse_iex(["-S", h|t], config) do
{%{config | commands: [{:script, h} | config.commands]}, t}
end
defp parse_iex([h|t] = list, config) do
case h do
"-" <> _ ->
shared_option? list, config, &parse_iex(&1, &2)
_ ->
{%{config | commands: [{:file, h} | config.commands]}, t}
end
end
defp parse_iex([], config) do
{config, []}
end
# Process commands
defp process_command({:cookie, h}, _config) do
if Node.alive? do
wrapper fn -> Node.set_cookie(String.to_atom(h)) end
else
{:error, "--cookie : Cannot set cookie if the node is not alive (set --name or --sname)"}
end
end
defp process_command({:eval, expr}, _config) when is_binary(expr) do
wrapper fn -> Code.eval_string(expr, []) end
end
defp process_command({:app, app}, _config) when is_binary(app) do
case Application.ensure_all_started(String.to_atom(app)) do
{:error, {app, reason}} ->
{:error, "--app : Could not start application #{app}: " <>
Application.format_error(reason)}
{:ok, _} ->
:ok
end
end
defp process_command({:script, file}, _config) when is_binary(file) do
if exec = find_elixir_executable(file) do
wrapper fn -> Code.require_file(exec) end
else
{:error, "-S : Could not find executable #{file}"}
end
end
defp process_command({:file, file}, _config) when is_binary(file) do
if File.regular?(file) do
wrapper fn -> Code.require_file(file) end
else
{:error, "No file named #{file}"}
end
end
defp process_command({:require, pattern}, _config) when is_binary(pattern) do
files = filter_patterns(pattern)
if files != [] do
wrapper fn -> Enum.map files, &Code.require_file(&1) end
else
{:error, "-r : No files matched pattern #{pattern}"}
end
end
defp process_command({:parallel_require, pattern}, _config) when is_binary(pattern) do
files = filter_patterns(pattern)
if files != [] do
wrapper fn -> Kernel.ParallelRequire.files(files) end
else
{:error, "-pr : No files matched pattern #{pattern}"}
end
end
defp process_command({:compile, patterns}, config) do
# If ensuring the dir returns an error no files will be found.
_ = :filelib.ensure_dir(:filename.join(config.output, "."))
case filter_multiple_patterns(patterns) do
{:ok, []} ->
{:error, "No files matched provided patterns"}
{:ok, files} ->
wrapper fn ->
Code.compiler_options(config.compiler_options)
Kernel.ParallelCompiler.files_to_path(files, config.output,
each_file: fn file -> if config.verbose_compile do IO.puts "Compiled #{file}" end end)
end
{:missing, missing} ->
{:error, "No files matched pattern(s) #{Enum.join(missing, ",")}"}
end
end
defp filter_patterns(pattern) do
Enum.filter(Enum.uniq(Path.wildcard(pattern)), &File.regular?(&1))
end
defp filter_multiple_patterns(patterns) do
matched_files = Enum.map patterns, fn(pattern) ->
case filter_patterns(pattern) do
[] -> {:missing, pattern}
files -> {:ok, files}
end
end
files = Enum.filter_map matched_files,
fn(match) -> elem(match, 0) == :ok end,
&elem(&1, 1)
missing_patterns = Enum.filter_map matched_files,
fn(match) -> elem(match, 0) == :missing end,
&elem(&1, 1)
if missing_patterns == [] do
{:ok, Enum.uniq(Enum.concat(files))}
else
{:missing, Enum.uniq(missing_patterns)}
end
end
defp wrapper(fun) do
_ = fun.()
:ok
end
defp find_elixir_executable(file) do
if exec = System.find_executable(file) do
# If we are on Windows, the executable is going to be
# a .bat file that must be in the same directory as
# the actual Elixir executable.
case :os.type() do
{:win32, _} ->
base = Path.rootname(exec)
if File.regular?(base), do: base, else: exec
_ ->
exec
end
end
end
end
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@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
# Implement error_handler pattern for Erlang
# which is integrated with Kernel.ParallelCompiler
defmodule Kernel.ErrorHandler do
@moduledoc false
def undefined_function(module, fun, args) do
ensure_loaded(module)
:error_handler.undefined_function(module, fun, args)
end
def undefined_lambda(module, fun, args) do
ensure_loaded(module)
:error_handler.undefined_lambda(module, fun, args)
end
def release() do
# On release, no further allow elixir_ensure_compiled
# directives and revert to the original error handler.
# Note we should not delete the elixir_compiler_pid though,
# as we still want to send notifications to the compiler.
:erlang.erase(:elixir_ensure_compiled)
:erlang.process_flag(:error_handler, :error_handler)
:ok
end
defp ensure_loaded(module) do
case Code.ensure_loaded(module) do
{:module, _} -> :ok
{:error, _} ->
parent = :erlang.get(:elixir_compiler_pid)
ref = :erlang.make_ref
send parent, {:waiting, :module, self(), ref, module}
:erlang.garbage_collect(self)
receive do
{^ref, :ready} -> :ok
{^ref, :release} -> release()
end
end
end
end
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@@ -1,184 +0,0 @@
# This is a module Elixir responsible for tracking
# the usage of aliases, imports and requires in the Elixir scope.
#
# The implementation simply stores dispatch information in an
# ETS table and then consults this table once compilation is done.
#
# Note that since this is required for bootstrap, we can't use
# any of the `GenServer.Behaviour` conveniences.
defmodule Kernel.LexicalTracker do
@moduledoc false
@timeout 30_000
@behaviour :gen_server
@import 2
@alias 3
@doc """
Returns all remotes linked to in this lexical scope.
"""
def remotes(arg) do
ets = :gen_server.call(to_pid(arg), :ets, @timeout)
:ets.match(ets, {:"$1", :_, :_}) |> List.flatten
end
@doc """
Gets the destination the lexical scope is meant to
compile to.
"""
def dest(arg) do
:gen_server.call(to_pid(arg), :dest, @timeout)
end
defp to_pid(pid) when is_pid(pid), do: pid
defp to_pid(mod) when is_atom(mod) do
table = :elixir_module.data_table(mod)
[{_, val}] = :ets.lookup(table, {:elixir, :lexical_tracker})
val
end
# Internal API
# Starts the tracker and returns its pid.
@doc false
def start_link(dest) do
:gen_server.start_link(__MODULE__, dest, [])
end
@doc false
def stop(pid) do
:gen_server.cast(pid, :stop)
end
@doc false
def add_import(pid, module, line, warn) do
:gen_server.cast(pid, {:add_import, module, line, warn})
end
@doc false
def add_alias(pid, module, line, warn) do
:gen_server.cast(pid, {:add_alias, module, line, warn})
end
@doc false
def remote_dispatch(pid, module) do
:gen_server.cast(pid, {:remote_dispatch, module})
end
@doc false
def import_dispatch(pid, module) do
:gen_server.cast(pid, {:import_dispatch, module})
end
@doc false
def alias_dispatch(pid, module) do
:gen_server.cast(pid, {:alias_dispatch, module})
end
@doc false
def collect_unused_imports(pid) do
unused(pid, @import)
end
@doc false
def collect_unused_aliases(pid) do
unused(pid, @alias)
end
defp unused(pid, pos) do
ets = :gen_server.call(pid, :ets, @timeout)
:ets.foldl(fn
{module, _, _} = tuple, acc when is_integer(:erlang.element(pos, tuple)) ->
[{module, :erlang.element(pos, tuple)}|acc]
_, acc ->
acc
end, [], ets) |> Enum.sort
end
# Callbacks
def init(dest) do
{:ok, {:ets.new(:lexical, [:protected]), dest}}
end
@doc false
def handle_call(:ets, _from, {d, dest}) do
{:reply, d, {d, dest}}
end
def handle_call(:dest, _from, {d, dest}) do
{:reply, dest, {d, dest}}
end
def handle_call(request, _from, {d, dest}) do
{:stop, {:bad_call, request}, {d, dest}}
end
def handle_cast({:remote_dispatch, module}, {d, dest}) do
add_module(d, module)
{:noreply, {d, dest}}
end
def handle_cast({:import_dispatch, module}, {d, dest}) do
add_dispatch(d, module, @import)
{:noreply, {d, dest}}
end
def handle_cast({:alias_dispatch, module}, {d, dest}) do
add_dispatch(d, module, @alias)
{:noreply, {d, dest}}
end
def handle_cast({:add_import, module, line, warn}, {d, dest}) do
add_directive(d, module, line, warn, @import)
{:noreply, {d, dest}}
end
def handle_cast({:add_alias, module, line, warn}, {d, dest}) do
add_directive(d, module, line, warn, @alias)
{:noreply, {d, dest}}
end
def handle_cast(:stop, {d, dest}) do
{:stop, :normal, {d, dest}}
end
def handle_cast(msg, {d, dest}) do
{:stop, {:bad_cast, msg}, {d, dest}}
end
@doc false
def handle_info(_msg, {d, dest}) do
{:noreply, {d, dest}}
end
@doc false
def terminate(_reason, _state) do
:ok
end
@doc false
def code_change(_old, state, _extra) do
{:ok, state}
end
# Callbacks helpers
# In the table we keep imports and aliases.
# If the value is false, it was not imported/aliased
# If the value is true, it was imported/aliased
# If the value is a line, it was imported/aliased and has a pending warning
defp add_module(d, module) do
:ets.insert_new(d, {module, false, false})
end
defp add_dispatch(d, module, pos) do
:ets.update_element(d, module, {pos, true})
end
defp add_directive(d, module, line, warn, pos) do
add_module(d, module)
marker = if warn, do: line, else: true
:ets.update_element(d, module, {pos, marker})
end
end
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@@ -1,254 +0,0 @@
defmodule Kernel.ParallelCompiler do
@moduledoc """
A module responsible for compiling files in parallel.
"""
@doc """
Compiles the given files.
Those files are compiled in parallel and can automatically
detect dependencies between them. Once a dependency is found,
the current file stops being compiled until the dependency is
resolved.
If there is an error during compilation or if `warnings_as_errors`
is set to `true` and there is a warning, this function will fail
with an exception.
This function accepts the following options:
* `:each_file` - for each file compiled, invokes the callback passing the
file
* `:each_module` - for each module compiled, invokes the callback passing
the file, module and the module bytecode
* `:dest` - the destination directory for the beam files. When using `files/2`,
this information is only used to properly annotate the beam files before
they are loaded into memory. If you want a file to actually be writen to
`dest`, use `files_to_path/3` instead.
Returns the modules generated by each compiled file.
"""
def files(files, options \\ [])
def files(files, options) when is_list(options) do
spawn_compilers(files, nil, options)
end
@doc """
Compiles the given files to the given path.
Read `files/2` for more information.
"""
def files_to_path(files, path, options \\ [])
def files_to_path(files, path, options) when is_binary(path) and is_list(options) do
spawn_compilers(files, path, options)
end
defp spawn_compilers(files, path, options) do
true = Code.ensure_loaded?(Kernel.ErrorHandler)
compiler_pid = self()
:elixir_code_server.cast({:reset_warnings, compiler_pid})
schedulers = max(:erlang.system_info(:schedulers_online), 2)
result = spawn_compilers(files, files, path, options, [], [], schedulers, [])
# In case --warning-as-errors is enabled and there was a warning,
# compilation status will be set to error and we fail with CompileError
case :elixir_code_server.call({:compilation_status, compiler_pid}) do
:ok -> result
:error -> exit({:shutdown, 1})
end
end
# We already have 4 currently running, don't spawn new ones
defp spawn_compilers(entries, original, output, options, waiting, queued, schedulers, result) when
length(queued) - length(waiting) >= schedulers do
wait_for_messages(entries, original, output, options, waiting, queued, schedulers, result)
end
# Release waiting processes
defp spawn_compilers([h|t], original, output, options, waiting, queued, schedulers, result) when is_pid(h) do
{_kind, ^h, ref, _module} = List.keyfind(waiting, h, 1)
send h, {ref, :ready}
waiting = List.keydelete(waiting, h, 1)
spawn_compilers(t, original, output, options, waiting, queued, schedulers, result)
end
# Spawn a compiler for each file in the list until we reach the limit
defp spawn_compilers([h|t], original, output, options, waiting, queued, schedulers, result) do
parent = self()
{pid, ref} =
:erlang.spawn_monitor fn ->
# Notify Code.ensure_compiled/2 that we should
# attempt to compile the module by doing a dispatch.
:erlang.put(:elixir_ensure_compiled, true)
# Set the elixir_compiler_pid used by our custom Kernel.ErrorHandler.
:erlang.put(:elixir_compiler_pid, parent)
:erlang.process_flag(:error_handler, Kernel.ErrorHandler)
exit(try do
_ = if output do
:elixir_compiler.file_to_path(h, output)
else
:elixir_compiler.file(h, Keyword.get(options, :dest))
end
{:compiled, h}
catch
kind, reason ->
{:failure, kind, reason, System.stacktrace}
end)
end
spawn_compilers(t, original, output, options, waiting,
[{pid, ref, h}|queued], schedulers, result)
end
# No more files, nothing waiting, queue is empty, we are done
defp spawn_compilers([], _original, _output, _options, [], [], _schedulers, result) do
for {:module, mod} <- result, do: mod
end
# Queued x, waiting for x: POSSIBLE ERROR! Release processes so we get the failures
defp spawn_compilers([], original, output, options, waiting, queued, schedulers, result) when length(waiting) == length(queued) do
Enum.each queued, fn {child, _, _} ->
{_kind, ^child, ref, _module} = List.keyfind(waiting, child, 1)
send child, {ref, :release}
end
wait_for_messages([], original, output, options, waiting, queued, schedulers, result)
end
# No more files, but queue and waiting are not full or do not match
defp spawn_compilers([], original, output, options, waiting, queued, schedulers, result) do
wait_for_messages([], original, output, options, waiting, queued, schedulers, result)
end
# Wait for messages from child processes
defp wait_for_messages(entries, original, output, options, waiting, queued, schedulers, result) do
receive do
{:struct_available, module} ->
available = for {:struct, pid, _, waiting_module} <- waiting,
module == waiting_module,
not pid in entries,
do: pid
spawn_compilers(available ++ entries, original, output, options,
waiting, queued, schedulers, [{:struct, module}|result])
{:module_available, child, ref, file, module, binary} ->
if callback = Keyword.get(options, :each_module) do
callback.(file, module, binary)
end
# Release the module loader which is waiting for an ack
send child, {ref, :ack}
available = for {_kind, pid, _, waiting_module} <- waiting,
module == waiting_module,
not pid in entries,
do: pid
spawn_compilers(available ++ entries, original, output, options,
waiting, queued, schedulers, [{:module, module}|result])
{:waiting, kind, child, ref, on} ->
defined = fn {k, m} -> on == m and k in [kind, :module] end
# Oops, we already got it, do not put it on waiting.
if :lists.any(defined, result) do
send child, {ref, :ready}
else
waiting = [{kind, child, ref, on}|waiting]
end
spawn_compilers(entries, original, output, options, waiting, queued, schedulers, result)
{:DOWN, _down_ref, :process, down_pid, {:compiled, file}} ->
if callback = Keyword.get(options, :each_file) do
callback.(file)
end
# Sometimes we may have spurious entries in the waiting
# list because someone invoked try/rescue UndefinedFunctionError
new_entries = List.delete(entries, down_pid)
new_queued = List.keydelete(queued, down_pid, 0)
new_waiting = List.keydelete(waiting, down_pid, 1)
spawn_compilers(new_entries, original, output, options, new_waiting, new_queued, schedulers, result)
{:DOWN, down_ref, :process, _down_pid, reason} ->
handle_failure(down_ref, reason, entries, waiting, queued)
wait_for_messages(entries, original, output, options, waiting, queued, schedulers, result)
end
end
defp handle_failure(ref, reason, entries, waiting, queued) do
if file = find_failure(ref, queued) do
print_failure(file, reason)
if all_missing?(entries, waiting, queued) do
collect_failures(queued, length(queued) - 1)
end
exit({:shutdown, 1})
end
end
defp find_failure(ref, queued) do
case List.keyfind(queued, ref, 1) do
{_child, ^ref, file} -> file
_ -> nil
end
end
defp print_failure(_file, {:compiled, _}) do
:ok
end
defp print_failure(file, {:failure, kind, reason, stacktrace}) do
IO.puts "\n== Compilation error on file #{Path.relative_to_cwd(file)} =="
IO.puts Exception.format(kind, reason, prune_stacktrace(stacktrace))
end
defp print_failure(file, reason) do
IO.puts "\n== Compilation error on file #{Path.relative_to_cwd(file)} =="
IO.puts Exception.format(:exit, reason, [])
end
@elixir_internals [:elixir, :elixir_exp, :elixir_compiler, :elixir_module, :elixir_translator,
:elixir_expand, :elixir_lexical]
defp prune_stacktrace([{mod, _, _, _}|t]) when mod in @elixir_internals do
prune_stacktrace(t)
end
defp prune_stacktrace([h|t]) do
[h|prune_stacktrace(t)]
end
defp prune_stacktrace([]) do
[]
end
defp all_missing?(entries, waiting, queued) do
entries == [] and waiting != [] and
length(waiting) == length(queued)
end
defp collect_failures(_queued, 0), do: :ok
defp collect_failures(queued, remaining) do
receive do
{:DOWN, down_ref, :process, _down_pid, reason} ->
if file = find_failure(down_ref, queued) do
print_failure(file, reason)
collect_failures(queued, remaining - 1)
else
collect_failures(queued, remaining)
end
after
# Give up if no failure appears in 5 seconds
5000 -> :ok
end
end
end
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@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
defmodule Kernel.ParallelRequire do
@moduledoc """
A module responsible for requiring files in parallel.
"""
defmacrop default_callback, do: quote(do: fn x -> x end)
@doc """
Requires the given files.
A callback that is invoked every time a file is required
can be optionally given as argument.
Returns the modules generated by each required file.
"""
def files(files, callback \\ default_callback) do
schedulers = max(:erlang.system_info(:schedulers_online), 2)
spawn_requires(files, [], callback, schedulers, [])
end
defp spawn_requires([], [], _callback, _schedulers, result), do: result
defp spawn_requires([], waiting, callback, schedulers, result) do
wait_for_messages([], waiting, callback, schedulers, result)
end
defp spawn_requires(files, waiting, callback, schedulers, result) when length(waiting) >= schedulers do
wait_for_messages(files, waiting, callback, schedulers, result)
end
defp spawn_requires([h|t], waiting, callback, schedulers, result) do
parent = self
compiler_pid = :erlang.get(:elixir_compiler_pid)
ensure_compiled = :erlang.get(:elixir_ensure_compiled)
{:error_handler, handler} = :erlang.process_info(parent, :error_handler)
{pid, ref} = :erlang.spawn_monitor fn ->
if compiler_pid != :undefined do
:erlang.put(:elixir_compiler_pid, compiler_pid)
end
if ensure_compiled != :undefined do
:erlang.put(:elixir_ensure_compiled, ensure_compiled)
end
:erlang.process_flag(:error_handler, handler)
exit(try do
new = Code.require_file(h) || []
{:required, Enum.map(new, &elem(&1, 0)), h}
catch
kind, reason ->
{:failure, kind, reason, System.stacktrace}
end)
end
spawn_requires(t, [{pid, ref}|waiting], callback, schedulers, result)
end
defp wait_for_messages(files, waiting, callback, schedulers, result) do
receive do
{:DOWN, ref, :process, pid, status} ->
tuple = {pid, ref}
if tuple in waiting do
case status do
{:required, mods, file} ->
callback.(file)
result = mods ++ result
waiting = List.delete(waiting, tuple)
{:failure, kind, reason, stacktrace} ->
:erlang.raise(kind, reason, stacktrace)
other ->
:erlang.raise(:exit, other, [])
end
end
spawn_requires(files, waiting, callback, schedulers, result)
end
end
end
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@@ -1,612 +0,0 @@
defmodule Keyword do
@moduledoc """
A keyword is a list of tuples where the first element
of the tuple is an atom and the second element can be
any value.
A keyword may have duplicated keys so it is not strictly
a dictionary. However most of the functions in this module
behave exactly as a dictionary and mimic the API defined
by the `Dict` behaviour.
For example, `Keyword.get/3` will get the first entry matching
the given key, regardless if duplicated entries exist.
Similarly, `Keyword.put/3` and `Keyword.delete/3` ensure all
duplicated entries for a given key are removed when invoked.
A handful of functions exist to handle duplicated keys, in
particular, `Enum.into/2` allows creating new keywords without
removing duplicated keys, `get_values/2` returns all values for
a given key and `delete_first/2` deletes just one of the existing
entries.
Since a keyword list is simply a list, all the operations defined
in `Enum` and `List` can be applied.
"""
@compile :inline_list_funcs
@behaviour Dict
@type key :: atom
@type value :: any
@type t :: [{key, value}]
@type t(value) :: [{key, value}]
@doc """
Checks if the given argument is a keyword list or not.
"""
@spec keyword?(term) :: boolean
def keyword?([{key, _value} | rest]) when is_atom(key) do
keyword?(rest)
end
def keyword?([]), do: true
def keyword?(_other), do: false
@doc """
Returns an empty keyword list, i.e. an empty list.
"""
@spec new :: t
def new do
[]
end
@doc """
Creates a keyword from an enumerable.
Duplicated entries are removed, the latest one prevails.
Unlike `Enum.into(enumerable, [])`,
`Keyword.new(enumerable)` guarantees the keys are unique.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.new([{:b, 1}, {:a, 2}])
[a: 2, b: 1]
"""
@spec new(Enum.t) :: t
def new(pairs) do
Enum.reduce pairs, [], fn {k, v}, keywords ->
put(keywords, k, v)
end
end
@doc """
Creates a keyword from an enumerable via the transformation function.
Duplicated entries are removed, the latest one prevails.
Unlike `Enum.into(enumerable, [], fun)`,
`Keyword.new(enumerable, fun)` guarantees the keys are unique.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.new([:a, :b], fn (x) -> {x, x} end) |> Enum.sort
[a: :a, b: :b]
"""
@spec new(Enum.t, ({key, value} -> {key, value})) :: t
def new(pairs, transform) do
Enum.reduce pairs, [], fn i, keywords ->
{k, v} = transform.(i)
put(keywords, k, v)
end
end
@doc """
Gets the value for a specific `key`.
If `key` does not exist, return the default value (`nil` if no default value).
If duplicated entries exist, the first one is returned.
Use `get_values/2` to retrieve all entries.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.get([a: 1], :a)
1
iex> Keyword.get([a: 1], :b)
nil
iex> Keyword.get([a: 1], :b, 3)
3
"""
@spec get(t, key) :: value
@spec get(t, key, value) :: value
def get(keywords, key, default \\ nil) when is_list(keywords) and is_atom(key) do
case :lists.keyfind(key, 1, keywords) do
{^key, value} -> value
false -> default
end
end
@doc """
Fetches the value for a specific `key` and returns it in a tuple.
If the `key` does not exist, returns `:error`.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.fetch([a: 1], :a)
{:ok, 1}
iex> Keyword.fetch([a: 1], :b)
:error
"""
@spec fetch(t, key) :: {:ok, value} | :error
def fetch(keywords, key) when is_list(keywords) and is_atom(key) do
case :lists.keyfind(key, 1, keywords) do
{^key, value} -> {:ok, value}
false -> :error
end
end
@doc """
Fetches the value for specific `key`.
If `key` does not exist, a `KeyError` is raised.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.fetch!([a: 1], :a)
1
iex> Keyword.fetch!([a: 1], :b)
** (KeyError) key :b not found in: [a: 1]
"""
@spec fetch!(t, key) :: value | no_return
def fetch!(keywords, key) when is_list(keywords) and is_atom(key) do
case :lists.keyfind(key, 1, keywords) do
{^key, value} -> value
false -> raise(KeyError, key: key, term: keywords)
end
end
@doc """
Gets all values for a specific `key`.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.get_values([a: 1, a: 2], :a)
[1,2]
"""
@spec get_values(t, key) :: [value]
def get_values(keywords, key) when is_list(keywords) and is_atom(key) do
fun = fn
{k, v} when k === key -> {true, v}
{_, _} -> false
end
:lists.filtermap(fun, keywords)
end
@doc """
Returns all keys from the keyword list.
Duplicated keys appear duplicated in the final list of keys.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.keys([a: 1, b: 2])
[:a,:b]
iex> Keyword.keys([a: 1, b: 2, a: 3])
[:a,:b,:a]
"""
@spec keys(t) :: [key]
def keys(keywords) when is_list(keywords) do
:lists.map(fn {k, _} -> k end, keywords)
end
@doc """
Returns all values from the keyword list.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.values([a: 1, b: 2])
[1,2]
"""
@spec values(t) :: [value]
def values(keywords) when is_list(keywords) do
:lists.map(fn {_, v} -> v end, keywords)
end
@doc """
Deletes the entries in the keyword list for a `key` with `value`.
If no `key` with `value` exists, returns the keyword list unchanged.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.delete([a: 1, b: 2], :a, 1)
[b: 2]
iex> Keyword.delete([a: 1, b: 2, a: 3], :a, 3)
[a: 1, b: 2]
iex> Keyword.delete([b: 2], :a, 5)
[b: 2]
"""
@spec delete(t, key, value) :: t
def delete(keywords, key, value) when is_list(keywords) and is_atom(key) do
:lists.filter(fn {k, v} -> k != key or v != value end, keywords)
end
@doc """
Deletes the entries in the keyword list for a specific `key`.
If the `key` does not exist, returns the keyword list unchanged.
Use `delete_first/2` to delete just the first entry in case of
duplicated keys.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.delete([a: 1, b: 2], :a)
[b: 2]
iex> Keyword.delete([a: 1, b: 2, a: 3], :a)
[b: 2]
iex> Keyword.delete([b: 2], :a)
[b: 2]
"""
@spec delete(t, key) :: t
def delete(keywords, key) when is_list(keywords) and is_atom(key) do
:lists.filter(fn {k, _} -> k != key end, keywords)
end
@doc """
Deletes the first entry in the keyword list for a specific `key`.
If the `key` does not exist, returns the keyword list unchanged.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.delete_first([a: 1, b: 2, a: 3], :a)
[b: 2, a: 3]
iex> Keyword.delete_first([b: 2], :a)
[b: 2]
"""
@spec delete_first(t, key) :: t
def delete_first(keywords, key) when is_list(keywords) and is_atom(key) do
:lists.keydelete(key, 1, keywords)
end
@doc """
Puts the given `value` under `key`.
If a previous value is already stored, all entries are
removed and the value is overridden.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.put([a: 1, b: 2], :a, 3)
[a: 3, b: 2]
iex> Keyword.put([a: 1, b: 2, a: 4], :a, 3)
[a: 3, b: 2]
"""
@spec put(t, key, value) :: t
def put(keywords, key, value) when is_list(keywords) and is_atom(key) do
[{key, value}|delete(keywords, key)]
end
@doc """
Puts the given `value` under `key` unless the entry `key`
already exists.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.put_new([a: 1], :b, 2)
[b: 2, a: 1]
iex> Keyword.put_new([a: 1, b: 2], :a, 3)
[a: 1, b: 2]
"""
@spec put_new(t, key, value) :: t
def put_new(keywords, key, value) when is_list(keywords) and is_atom(key) do
case :lists.keyfind(key, 1, keywords) do
{^key, _} -> keywords
false -> [{key, value}|keywords]
end
end
@doc """
Checks if two keywords are equal.
Two keywords are considered to be equal if they contain
the same keys and those keys contain the same values.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.equal?([a: 1, b: 2], [b: 2, a: 1])
true
"""
@spec equal?(t, t) :: boolean
def equal?(left, right) when is_list(left) and is_list(right) do
:lists.sort(left) == :lists.sort(right)
end
@doc """
Merges two keyword lists into one.
If they have duplicated keys, the one given in the second argument wins.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.merge([a: 1, b: 2], [a: 3, d: 4]) |> Enum.sort
[a: 3, b: 2, d: 4]
"""
@spec merge(t, t) :: t
def merge(d1, d2) when is_list(d1) and is_list(d2) do
fun = fn {k, _v} -> not has_key?(d2, k) end
d2 ++ :lists.filter(fun, d1)
end
@doc """
Merges two keyword lists into one.
If they have duplicated keys, the given function is invoked to solve conflicts.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.merge([a: 1, b: 2], [a: 3, d: 4], fn (_k, v1, v2) ->
...> v1 + v2
...> end)
[a: 4, b: 2, d: 4]
"""
@spec merge(t, t, (key, value, value -> value)) :: t
def merge(d1, d2, fun) when is_list(d1) and is_list(d2) do
do_merge(d2, d1, fun)
end
defp do_merge([{k, v2}|t], acc, fun) do
do_merge t, update(acc, k, v2, fn(v1) -> fun.(k, v1, v2) end), fun
end
defp do_merge([], acc, _fun) do
acc
end
@doc """
Returns whether a given `key` exists in the given `keywords`.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.has_key?([a: 1], :a)
true
iex> Keyword.has_key?([a: 1], :b)
false
"""
@spec has_key?(t, key) :: boolean
def has_key?(keywords, key) when is_list(keywords) and is_atom(key) do
:lists.keymember(key, 1, keywords)
end
@doc """
Updates the `key` with the given function.
If the `key` does not exist, raises `KeyError`.
If there are duplicated keys, they are all removed and only the first one
is updated.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.update!([a: 1], :a, &(&1 * 2))
[a: 2]
iex> Keyword.update!([a: 1], :b, &(&1 * 2))
** (KeyError) key :b not found in: [a: 1]
"""
@spec update!(t, key, (value -> value)) :: t | no_return
def update!(keywords, key, fun) do
update!(keywords, key, fun, keywords)
end
defp update!([{key, value}|keywords], key, fun, _dict) do
[{key, fun.(value)}|delete(keywords, key)]
end
defp update!([{_, _} = e|keywords], key, fun, dict) do
[e|update!(keywords, key, fun, dict)]
end
defp update!([], key, _fun, dict) when is_atom(key) do
raise(KeyError, key: key, term: dict)
end
@doc """
Updates the `key` with the given function.
If the `key` does not exist, inserts the given `initial` value.
If there are duplicated keys, they are all removed and only the first one
is updated.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.update([a: 1], :a, 13, &(&1 * 2))
[a: 2]
iex> Keyword.update([a: 1], :b, 11, &(&1 * 2))
[a: 1, b: 11]
"""
@spec update(t, key, value, (value -> value)) :: t
def update([{key, value}|keywords], key, _initial, fun) do
[{key, fun.(value)}|delete(keywords, key)]
end
def update([{_, _} = e|keywords], key, initial, fun) do
[e|update(keywords, key, initial, fun)]
end
def update([], key, initial, _fun) when is_atom(key) do
[{key, initial}]
end
@doc """
Takes all entries corresponding to the given keys and extracts them into a
separate keyword list.
Returns a tuple with the new list and the old list with removed keys.
Keys for which there are no entires in the keyword list are ignored.
Entries with duplicated keys end up in the same keyword list.
## Examples
iex> d = [a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4]
iex> Keyword.split(d, [:a, :c, :e])
{[a: 1, c: 3], [b: 2, d: 4]}
iex> d = [a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4, a: 5]
iex> Keyword.split(d, [:a, :c, :e])
{[a: 1, c: 3, a: 5], [b: 2, d: 4]}
"""
def split(keywords, keys) when is_list(keywords) do
fun = fn {k, v}, {take, drop} ->
case k in keys do
true -> {[{k, v}|take], drop}
false -> {take, [{k, v}|drop]}
end
end
acc = {[], []}
{take, drop} = :lists.foldl(fun, acc, keywords)
{:lists.reverse(take), :lists.reverse(drop)}
end
@doc """
Takes all entries corresponding to the given keys and returns them in a new
keyword list.
Duplicated keys are preserved in the new keyword list.
## Examples
iex> d = [a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4]
iex> Keyword.take(d, [:a, :c, :e])
[a: 1, c: 3]
iex> d = [a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4, a: 5]
iex> Keyword.take(d, [:a, :c, :e])
[a: 1, c: 3, a: 5]
"""
def take(keywords, keys) when is_list(keywords) do
:lists.filter(fn {k, _} -> k in keys end, keywords)
end
@doc """
Drops the given keys from the keyword list.
Duplicated keys are preserved in the new keyword list.
## Examples
iex> d = [a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4]
iex> Keyword.drop(d, [:b, :d])
[a: 1, c: 3]
iex> d = [a: 1, b: 2, b: 3, c: 3, d: 4, a: 5]
iex> Keyword.drop(d, [:b, :d])
[a: 1, c: 3, a: 5]
"""
def drop(keywords, keys) when is_list(keywords) do
:lists.filter(fn {k, _} -> not k in keys end, keywords)
end
@doc """
Returns the first value associated with `key` in the keyword
list as well as the keyword list without `key`.
All duplicated keys are removed. See `pop_first/3` for
removing only the first entry.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.pop [a: 1], :a
{1,[]}
iex> Keyword.pop [a: 1], :b
{nil,[a: 1]}
iex> Keyword.pop [a: 1], :b, 3
{3,[a: 1]}
iex> Keyword.pop [a: 1], :b, 3
{3,[a: 1]}
iex> Keyword.pop [a: 1, a: 2], :a
{1,[]}
"""
def pop(keywords, key, default \\ nil) when is_list(keywords) do
{get(keywords, key, default), delete(keywords, key)}
end
@doc """
Returns the first value associated with `key` in the keyword
list as well as the keyword list without that particular occurrence
of `key`.
Duplicated keys are not removed.
## Examples
iex> Keyword.pop_first [a: 1], :a
{1,[]}
iex> Keyword.pop_first [a: 1], :b
{nil,[a: 1]}
iex> Keyword.pop_first [a: 1], :b, 3
{3,[a: 1]}
iex> Keyword.pop_first [a: 1], :b, 3
{3,[a: 1]}
iex> Keyword.pop_first [a: 1, a: 2], :a
{1,[a: 2]}
"""
def pop_first(keywords, key, default \\ nil) when is_list(keywords) do
{get(keywords, key, default), delete_first(keywords, key)}
end
# Dict callbacks
@doc false
def size(keyword) do
length(keyword)
end
@doc false
def to_list(keyword) do
keyword
end
end
-663
View File
@@ -1,663 +0,0 @@
defmodule List do
@moduledoc """
Implements functions that only make sense for lists
and cannot be part of the Enum protocol. In general,
favor using the Enum API instead of List.
Some functions in this module expect an index. Index
access for list is linear. Negative indexes are also
supported but they imply the list will be iterated twice,
one to calculate the proper index and another to the
operation.
A decision was taken to delegate most functions to
Erlang's standard library but follow Elixir's convention
of receiving the target (in this case, a list) as the
first argument.
"""
@compile :inline_list_funcs
@doc """
Deletes the given item from the list. Returns a list without
the item. If the item occurs more than once in the list, just
the first occurrence is removed.
## Examples
iex> List.delete([1, 2, 3], 1)
[2,3]
iex> List.delete([1, 2, 2, 3], 2)
[1, 2, 3]
"""
@spec delete(list, any) :: list
def delete(list, item) do
:lists.delete(item, list)
end
@doc """
Duplicates the given element `n` times in a list.
## Examples
iex> List.duplicate("hello", 3)
["hello","hello","hello"]
iex> List.duplicate([1, 2], 2)
[[1,2],[1,2]]
"""
@spec duplicate(elem, non_neg_integer) :: [elem] when elem: var
def duplicate(elem, n) do
:lists.duplicate(n, elem)
end
@doc """
Flattens the given `list` of nested lists.
## Examples
iex> List.flatten([1, [[2], 3]])
[1,2,3]
"""
@spec flatten(deep_list) :: list when deep_list: [any | deep_list]
def flatten(list) do
:lists.flatten(list)
end
@doc """
Flattens the given `list` of nested lists.
The list `tail` will be added at the end of
the flattened list.
## Examples
iex> List.flatten([1, [[2], 3]], [4, 5])
[1,2,3,4,5]
"""
@spec flatten(deep_list, [elem]) :: [elem] when elem: var, deep_list: [elem | deep_list]
def flatten(list, tail) do
:lists.flatten(list, tail)
end
@doc """
Folds (reduces) the given list to the left with
a function. Requires an accumulator.
## Examples
iex> List.foldl([5, 5], 10, fn (x, acc) -> x + acc end)
20
iex> List.foldl([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, fn (x, acc) -> x - acc end)
2
"""
@spec foldl([elem], acc, (elem, acc -> acc)) :: acc when elem: var, acc: var
def foldl(list, acc, function) when is_list(list) and is_function(function) do
:lists.foldl(function, acc, list)
end
@doc """
Folds (reduces) the given list to the right with
a function. Requires an accumulator.
## Examples
iex> List.foldr([1, 2, 3, 4], 0, fn (x, acc) -> x - acc end)
-2
"""
@spec foldr([elem], acc, (elem, acc -> acc)) :: acc when elem: var, acc: var
def foldr(list, acc, function) when is_list(list) and is_function(function) do
:lists.foldr(function, acc, list)
end
@doc """
Returns the first element in `list` or `nil` if `list` is empty.
## Examples
iex> List.first([])
nil
iex> List.first([1])
1
iex> List.first([1, 2, 3])
1
"""
@spec first([elem]) :: nil | elem when elem: var
def first([]), do: nil
def first([h|_]), do: h
@doc """
Returns the last element in `list` or `nil` if `list` is empty.
## Examples
iex> List.last([])
nil
iex> List.last([1])
1
iex> List.last([1, 2, 3])
3
"""
@spec last([elem]) :: nil | elem when elem: var
def last([]), do: nil
def last([h]), do: h
def last([_|t]), do: last(t)
@doc """
Receives a list of tuples and returns the first tuple
where the item at `position` in the tuple matches the
given `item`.
## Examples
iex> List.keyfind([a: 1, b: 2], :a, 0)
{:a, 1}
iex> List.keyfind([a: 1, b: 2], 2, 1)
{:b, 2}
iex> List.keyfind([a: 1, b: 2], :c, 0)
nil
"""
@spec keyfind([tuple], any, non_neg_integer, any) :: any
def keyfind(list, key, position, default \\ nil) do
:lists.keyfind(key, position + 1, list) || default
end
@doc """
Receives a list of tuples and returns `true` if there is
a tuple where the item at `position` in the tuple matches
the given `item`.
## Examples
iex> List.keymember?([a: 1, b: 2], :a, 0)
true
iex> List.keymember?([a: 1, b: 2], 2, 1)
true
iex> List.keymember?([a: 1, b: 2], :c, 0)
false
"""
@spec keymember?([tuple], any, non_neg_integer) :: any
def keymember?(list, key, position) do
:lists.keymember(key, position + 1, list)
end
@doc """
Receives a list of tuples and replaces the item
identified by `key` at `position` if it exists.
## Examples
iex> List.keyreplace([a: 1, b: 2], :a, 0, {:a, 3})
[a: 3, b: 2]
"""
@spec keyreplace([tuple], any, non_neg_integer, tuple) :: [tuple]
def keyreplace(list, key, position, new_tuple) do
:lists.keyreplace(key, position + 1, list, new_tuple)
end
@doc """
Receives a list of tuples and sorts the items
at `position` of the tuples. The sort is stable.
## Examples
iex> List.keysort([a: 5, b: 1, c: 3], 1)
[b: 1, c: 3, a: 5]
iex> List.keysort([a: 5, c: 1, b: 3], 0)
[a: 5, b: 3, c: 1]
"""
@spec keysort([tuple], non_neg_integer) :: [tuple]
def keysort(list, position) do
:lists.keysort(position + 1, list)
end
@doc """
Receives a list of tuples and replaces the item
identified by `key` at `position`. If the item
does not exist, it is added to the end of the list.
## Examples
iex> List.keystore([a: 1, b: 2], :a, 0, {:a, 3})
[a: 3, b: 2]
iex> List.keystore([a: 1, b: 2], :c, 0, {:c, 3})
[a: 1, b: 2, c: 3]
"""
@spec keystore([tuple], any, non_neg_integer, tuple) :: [tuple, ...]
def keystore(list, key, position, new_tuple) do
:lists.keystore(key, position + 1, list, new_tuple)
end
@doc """
Receives a list of tuples and deletes the first tuple
where the item at `position` matches the
given `item`. Returns the new list.
## Examples
iex> List.keydelete([a: 1, b: 2], :a, 0)
[b: 2]
iex> List.keydelete([a: 1, b: 2], 2, 1)
[a: 1]
iex> List.keydelete([a: 1, b: 2], :c, 0)
[a: 1, b: 2]
"""
@spec keydelete([tuple], any, non_neg_integer) :: [tuple]
def keydelete(list, key, position) do
:lists.keydelete(key, position + 1, list)
end
@doc """
Wraps the argument in a list.
If the argument is already a list, returns the list.
If the argument is `nil`, returns an empty list.
## Examples
iex> List.wrap("hello")
["hello"]
iex> List.wrap([1, 2, 3])
[1,2,3]
iex> List.wrap(nil)
[]
"""
@spec wrap(list | any) :: list
def wrap(list) when is_list(list) do
list
end
def wrap(nil) do
[]
end
def wrap(other) do
[other]
end
@doc """
Zips corresponding elements from each list in `list_of_lists`.
The zipping finishes as soon as any list terminates.
## Examples
iex> List.zip([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])
[{1, 3, 5}, {2, 4, 6}]
iex> List.zip([[1, 2], [3], [5, 6]])
[{1, 3, 5}]
"""
@spec zip([list]) :: [tuple]
def zip([]), do: []
def zip(list_of_lists) when is_list(list_of_lists) do
do_zip(list_of_lists, [])
end
@doc """
Returns a list with `value` inserted at the specified `index`.
Note that `index` is capped at the list length. Negative indices
indicate an offset from the end of the list.
## Examples
iex> List.insert_at([1, 2, 3, 4], 2, 0)
[1, 2, 0, 3, 4]
iex> List.insert_at([1, 2, 3], 10, 0)
[1, 2, 3, 0]
iex> List.insert_at([1, 2, 3], -1, 0)
[1, 2, 3, 0]
iex> List.insert_at([1, 2, 3], -10, 0)
[0, 1, 2, 3]
"""
@spec insert_at(list, integer, any) :: list
def insert_at(list, index, value) do
if index < 0 do
do_insert_at(list, length(list) + index + 1, value)
else
do_insert_at(list, index, value)
end
end
@doc """
Returns a list with a replaced value at the specified `index`.
Negative indices indicate an offset from the end of the list.
If `index` is out of bounds, the original `list` is returned.
## Examples
iex> List.replace_at([1, 2, 3], 0, 0)
[0, 2, 3]
iex> List.replace_at([1, 2, 3], 10, 0)
[1, 2, 3]
iex> List.replace_at([1, 2, 3], -1, 0)
[1, 2, 0]
iex> List.replace_at([1, 2, 3], -10, 0)
[1, 2, 3]
"""
@spec replace_at(list, integer, any) :: list
def replace_at(list, index, value) do
if index < 0 do
do_replace_at(list, length(list) + index, value)
else
do_replace_at(list, index, value)
end
end
@doc """
Returns a list with an updated value at the specified `index`.
Negative indices indicate an offset from the end of the list.
If `index` is out of bounds, the original `list` is returned.
## Examples
iex> List.update_at([1, 2, 3], 0, &(&1 + 10))
[11, 2, 3]
iex> List.update_at([1, 2, 3], 10, &(&1 + 10))
[1, 2, 3]
iex> List.update_at([1, 2, 3], -1, &(&1 + 10))
[1, 2, 13]
iex> List.update_at([1, 2, 3], -10, &(&1 + 10))
[1, 2, 3]
"""
@spec update_at([elem], integer, (elem -> any)) :: list when elem: var
def update_at(list, index, fun) do
if index < 0 do
do_update_at(list, length(list) + index, fun)
else
do_update_at(list, index, fun)
end
end
@doc """
Produces a new list by removing the value at the specified `index`.
Negative indices indicate an offset from the end of the list.
If `index` is out of bounds, the original `list` is returned.
## Examples
iex> List.delete_at([1, 2, 3], 0)
[2, 3]
iex List.delete_at([1, 2, 3], 10)
[1, 2, 3]
iex> List.delete_at([1, 2, 3], -1)
[1, 2]
"""
@spec delete_at(list, integer) :: list
def delete_at(list, index) do
if index < 0 do
do_delete_at(list, length(list) + index)
else
do_delete_at(list, index)
end
end
@doc """
Converts a char list to an atom.
Currently Elixir does not support conversions from char lists
which contains Unicode codepoints greater than 0xFF.
Inlined by the compiler.
## Examples
iex> List.to_atom('elixir')
:elixir
"""
@spec to_atom(char_list) :: atom
def to_atom(char_list) do
:erlang.list_to_atom(char_list)
end
@doc """
Converts a char list to an existing atom.
Currently Elixir does not support conversions from char lists
which contains Unicode codepoints greater than 0xFF.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec to_existing_atom(char_list) :: atom
def to_existing_atom(char_list) do
:erlang.list_to_existing_atom(char_list)
end
@doc """
Returns the float whose text representation is `char_list`.
Inlined by the compiler.
## Examples
iex> List.to_float('2.2017764e+0')
2.2017764
"""
@spec to_float(char_list) :: float
def to_float(char_list) do
:erlang.list_to_float(char_list)
end
@doc """
Returns an integer whose text representation is `char_list`.
Inlined by the compiler.
## Examples
iex> List.to_integer('123')
123
"""
@spec to_integer(char_list) :: integer
def to_integer(char_list) do
:erlang.list_to_integer(char_list)
end
@doc """
Returns an integer whose text representation is `char_list` in base `base`.
Inlined by the compiler.
## Examples
iex> List.to_integer('3FF', 16)
1023
"""
@spec to_integer(char_list, 2..36) :: integer
def to_integer(char_list, base) do
:erlang.list_to_integer(char_list, base)
end
@doc """
Converts a list to a tuple.
Inlined by the compiler.
## Examples
iex> List.to_tuple([:share, [:elixir, 163]])
{:share, [:elixir, 163]}
"""
@spec to_tuple(list) :: tuple
def to_tuple(list) do
:erlang.list_to_tuple(list)
end
@doc """
Converts a list of integers representing codepoints, lists or
strings into a string.
Notice that this function expect a list of integer representing
UTF-8 codepoints. If you have a list of bytes, you must instead use
[the `:binary` module](http://erlang.org/doc/man/binary.html).
## Examples
iex> List.to_string([0x00E6, 0x00DF])
"æß"
iex> List.to_string([0x0061, "bc"])
"abc"
"""
@spec to_string(:unicode.charlist) :: String.t
def to_string(list) when is_list(list) do
case :unicode.characters_to_binary(list) do
result when is_binary(result) ->
result
{:error, encoded, rest} ->
raise UnicodeConversionError, encoded: encoded, rest: rest, kind: :invalid
{:incomplete, encoded, rest} ->
raise UnicodeConversionError, encoded: encoded, rest: rest, kind: :incomplete
end
end
## Helpers
# replace_at
defp do_replace_at([], _index, _value) do
[]
end
defp do_replace_at(list, index, _value) when index < 0 do
list
end
defp do_replace_at([_old|rest], 0, value) do
[ value | rest ]
end
defp do_replace_at([h|t], index, value) do
[ h | do_replace_at(t, index - 1, value) ]
end
# insert_at
defp do_insert_at([], _index, value) do
[ value ]
end
defp do_insert_at(list, index, value) when index <= 0 do
[ value | list ]
end
defp do_insert_at([h|t], index, value) do
[ h | do_insert_at(t, index - 1, value) ]
end
# update_at
defp do_update_at([value|list], 0, fun) do
[ fun.(value) | list ]
end
defp do_update_at(list, index, _fun) when index < 0 do
list
end
defp do_update_at([h|t], index, fun) do
[ h | do_update_at(t, index - 1, fun) ]
end
defp do_update_at([], _index, _fun) do
[]
end
# delete_at
defp do_delete_at([], _index) do
[]
end
defp do_delete_at([_|t], 0) do
t
end
defp do_delete_at(list, index) when index < 0 do
list
end
defp do_delete_at([h|t], index) do
[h | do_delete_at(t, index-1)]
end
# zip
defp do_zip(list, acc) do
converter = fn x, acc -> do_zip_each(to_list(x), acc) end
{mlist, heads} = :lists.mapfoldl converter, [], list
case heads do
nil -> :lists.reverse acc
_ -> do_zip mlist, [:erlang.list_to_tuple(:lists.reverse(heads))|acc]
end
end
defp do_zip_each(_, nil) do
{nil, nil}
end
defp do_zip_each([h|t], acc) do
{t, [h|acc]}
end
defp do_zip_each([], _) do
{nil, nil}
end
defp to_list(tuple) when is_tuple(tuple), do: Tuple.to_list(tuple)
defp to_list(list) when is_list(list), do: list
end
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@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
defprotocol List.Chars do
@moduledoc ~S"""
The List.Chars protocol is responsible for
converting a structure to a list (only if applicable).
The only function required to be implemented is
`to_char_list` which does the conversion.
The `to_char_list` function automatically imported
by Kernel invokes this protocol.
"""
def to_char_list(thing)
end
defimpl List.Chars, for: Atom do
def to_char_list(atom), do: Atom.to_char_list(atom)
end
defimpl List.Chars, for: BitString do
@doc """
Returns the given binary converted to a char list.
"""
def to_char_list(thing) when is_binary(thing) do
String.to_char_list(thing)
end
def to_char_list(thing) do
raise Protocol.UndefinedError,
protocol: @protocol,
value: thing,
description: "cannot convert a bitstring to a char list"
end
end
defimpl List.Chars, for: List do
def to_char_list(list), do: list
end
defimpl List.Chars, for: Integer do
def to_char_list(thing) do
Integer.to_char_list(thing)
end
end
defimpl List.Chars, for: Float do
@digits 20
@limit :math.pow(10, @digits)
def to_char_list(thing) when thing > @limit do
Float.to_char_list(thing, scientific: @digits)
end
def to_char_list(thing) do
Float.to_char_list(thing, compact: true, decimals: @digits)
end
end
-955
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@@ -1,955 +0,0 @@
import Kernel, except: [to_string: 1]
defmodule Macro do
@moduledoc """
Conveniences for working with macros.
"""
@typedoc "Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)"
@type t :: expr | {t, t} | atom | number | binary | pid | fun | [t]
@typedoc "Expr node (remaining ones are literals)"
@type expr :: {expr | atom, Keyword.t, atom | [t]}
@binary_ops [:===, :!==,
:==, :!=, :<=, :>=,
:&&, :||, :<>, :++, :--, :\\, :::, :<-, :.., :|>, :=~,
:<, :>, :->,
:+, :-, :*, :/, :=, :|, :.,
:and, :or, :when, :in,
:~>>, :<<~, :~>, :<~, :<~>, :<|>,
:<<<, :>>>, :|||, :&&&, :^^^, :~~~]
@doc false
defmacro binary_ops, do: @binary_ops
@unary_ops [:!, :@, :^, :not, :+, :-, :~~~, :&]
@doc false
defmacro unary_ops, do: @unary_ops
@spec binary_op_props(atom) :: {:left | :right, precedence :: integer}
defp binary_op_props(o) do
case o do
o when o in [:<-, :\\] -> {:left, 40}
:when -> {:right, 50}
::: -> {:right, 60}
:| -> {:right, 70}
:= -> {:right, 90}
o when o in [:||, :|||, :or] -> {:left, 130}
o when o in [:&&, :&&&, :and] -> {:left, 140}
o when o in [:==, :!=, :=~, :===, :!==] -> {:left, 150}
o when o in [:<, :<=, :>=, :>] -> {:left, 160}
o when o in [:|>, :<<<, :>>>, :<~, :~>,
:<<~, :~>>, :<~>, :<|>] -> {:left, 170}
:in -> {:left, 180}
o when o in [:++, :--, :.., :<>] -> {:right, 200}
o when o in [:+, :-] -> {:left, 210}
o when o in [:*, :/] -> {:left, 220}
:^^^ -> {:left, 250}
:. -> {:left, 310}
end
end
@doc """
Breaks a pipeline expression into a list.
Raises if the pipeline is ill-formed.
"""
@spec unpipe(Macro.t) :: [Macro.t]
def unpipe(expr) do
:lists.reverse(unpipe(expr, []))
end
defp unpipe({:|>, _, [left, right]}, acc) do
unpipe(right, unpipe(left, acc))
end
defp unpipe(other, acc) do
[{other, 0}|acc]
end
@doc """
Pipes `expr` into the `call_args` at the given `position`.
"""
@spec pipe(Macro.t, Macro.t, integer) :: Macro.t | no_return
def pipe(expr, call_args, position)
def pipe(expr, {:&, _, _} = call_args, _integer) do
bad_pipe(expr, call_args)
end
def pipe(expr, {call, line, atom}, integer) when is_atom(atom) do
{call, line, List.insert_at([], integer, expr)}
end
def pipe(expr, {call, line, args}, integer) when is_list(args) do
{call, line, List.insert_at(args, integer, expr)}
end
def pipe(expr, call_args, _integer) do
bad_pipe(expr, call_args)
end
defp bad_pipe(expr, call_args) do
raise ArgumentError, "cannot pipe #{to_string expr} into #{to_string call_args}, " <>
"can only pipe into local calls foo(), remote calls Foo.bar() or anonymous functions calls foo.()"
end
@doc """
Applies the given function to the node metadata if it contains one.
This is often useful when used with `Macro.prewalk/1` to remove
information like lines and hygienic counters from the expression
for either storage or comparison.
## Examples
iex> quoted = quote line: 10, do: sample()
{:sample, [line: 10], []}
iex> Macro.update_meta(quoted, &Keyword.delete(&1, :line))
{:sample, [], []}
"""
@spec update_meta(t, (Keyword.t -> Keyword.t)) :: t
def update_meta(quoted, fun)
def update_meta({left, meta, right}, fun) when is_list(meta) do
{left, fun.(meta), right}
end
def update_meta(other, _fun) do
other
end
@doc """
Genrates a AST node representing the variable given
by the atoms `var` and `context`.
## Examples
In order to build a variable, a context is expected.
Most of the times, in order to preserve hygiene, the
context must be `__MODULE__`:
iex> Macro.var(:foo, __MODULE__)
{:foo, [], __MODULE__}
However, if there is a need to access the user variable,
nil can be given:
iex> Macro.var(:foo, nil)
{:foo, [], nil}
"""
@spec var(var, context) :: {var, [], context} when var: atom, context: atom
def var(var, context) when is_atom(var) and is_atom(context) do
{var, [], context}
end
@doc """
Performs a depth-first, pre-order traversal of quoted expressions.
"""
@spec prewalk(t, (t -> t)) :: t
def prewalk(ast, fun) when is_function(fun, 1) do
elem(prewalk(ast, nil, fn x, nil -> {fun.(x), nil} end), 0)
end
@doc """
Performs a depth-first, pre-order traversal of quoted expressions
using an accumulator.
"""
@spec prewalk(t, any, (t, any -> {t, any})) :: {t, any}
def prewalk(ast, acc, fun) when is_function(fun, 2) do
{ast, acc} = fun.(ast, acc)
do_prewalk(ast, acc, fun)
end
defp do_prewalk({form, meta, args}, acc, fun) do
unless is_atom(form) do
{form, acc} = fun.(form, acc)
{form, acc} = do_prewalk(form, acc, fun)
end
unless is_atom(args) do
{args, acc} = Enum.map_reduce(args, acc, fn x, acc ->
{x, acc} = fun.(x, acc)
do_prewalk(x, acc, fun)
end)
end
{{form, meta, args}, acc}
end
defp do_prewalk({left, right}, acc, fun) do
{left, acc} = fun.(left, acc)
{left, acc} = do_prewalk(left, acc, fun)
{right, acc} = fun.(right, acc)
{right, acc} = do_prewalk(right, acc, fun)
{{left, right}, acc}
end
defp do_prewalk(list, acc, fun) when is_list(list) do
Enum.map_reduce(list, acc, fn x, acc ->
{x, acc} = fun.(x, acc)
do_prewalk(x, acc, fun)
end)
end
defp do_prewalk(x, acc, _fun) do
{x, acc}
end
@doc """
Performs a depth-first, post-order traversal of quoted expressions.
"""
@spec postwalk(t, (t -> t)) :: t
def postwalk(ast, fun) when is_function(fun, 1) do
elem(postwalk(ast, nil, fn x, nil -> {fun.(x), nil} end), 0)
end
@doc """
Performs a depth-first, post-order traversal of quoted expressions
using an accumulator.
"""
@spec postwalk(t, any, (t, any -> {t, any})) :: {t, any}
def postwalk(ast, acc, fun) when is_function(fun, 2) do
do_postwalk(ast, acc, fun)
end
defp do_postwalk({form, meta, args}, acc, fun) do
unless is_atom(form) do
{form, acc} = do_postwalk(form, acc, fun)
end
unless is_atom(args) do
{args, acc} = Enum.map_reduce(args, acc, &do_postwalk(&1, &2, fun))
end
fun.({form, meta, args}, acc)
end
defp do_postwalk({left, right}, acc, fun) do
{left, acc} = do_postwalk(left, acc, fun)
{right, acc} = do_postwalk(right, acc, fun)
fun.({left, right}, acc)
end
defp do_postwalk(list, acc, fun) when is_list(list) do
{list, acc} = Enum.map_reduce(list, acc, &do_postwalk(&1, &2, fun))
fun.(list, acc)
end
defp do_postwalk(x, acc, fun) do
fun.(x, acc)
end
@doc """
Decomposes a local or remote call into its remote part (when provided),
function name and argument list.
Returns `:error` when an invalid call syntax is provided.
## Examples
iex> Macro.decompose_call(quote do: foo)
{:foo, []}
iex> Macro.decompose_call(quote do: foo())
{:foo, []}
iex> Macro.decompose_call(quote do: foo(1, 2, 3))
{:foo, [1, 2, 3]}
iex> Macro.decompose_call(quote do: Elixir.M.foo(1, 2, 3))
{{:__aliases__, [], [:Elixir, :M]}, :foo, [1, 2, 3]}
iex> Macro.decompose_call(quote do: 42)
:error
"""
@spec decompose_call(Macro.t) :: {atom, [Macro.t]} | {Macro.t, atom, [Macro.t]} | :error
def decompose_call({{:., _, [remote, function]}, _, args}) when is_tuple(remote) or is_atom(remote),
do: {remote, function, args}
def decompose_call({name, _, args}) when is_atom(name) and is_atom(args),
do: {name, []}
def decompose_call({name, _, args}) when is_atom(name) and is_list(args),
do: {name, args}
def decompose_call(_),
do: :error
@doc """
Recursively escapes a value so it can be inserted
into a syntax tree.
One may pass `unquote: true` to `escape/2`
which leaves `unquote` statements unescaped, effectively
unquoting the contents on escape.
## Examples
iex> Macro.escape(:foo)
:foo
iex> Macro.escape({:a, :b, :c})
{:{}, [], [:a, :b, :c]}
iex> Macro.escape({:unquote, [], [1]}, unquote: true)
1
"""
@spec escape(term) :: Macro.t
@spec escape(term, Keyword.t) :: Macro.t
def escape(expr, opts \\ []) do
elem(:elixir_quote.escape(expr, Keyword.get(opts, :unquote, false)), 0)
end
@doc """
Validates the given expressions are valid quoted expressions.
Check the `type:Macro.t` for the specification of a valid
quoted expression.
"""
@spec validate(term) :: :ok | {:error, term}
def validate(expr) do
find_invalid(expr) || :ok
end
defp find_invalid({left, right}), do:
find_invalid(left) || find_invalid(right)
defp find_invalid({left, meta, right}) when is_list(meta) and (is_atom(right) or is_list(right)), do:
find_invalid(left) || find_invalid(right)
defp find_invalid(list) when is_list(list), do:
Enum.find_value(list, &find_invalid/1)
defp find_invalid(pid) when is_pid(pid), do: nil
defp find_invalid(atom) when is_atom(atom), do: nil
defp find_invalid(num) when is_number(num), do: nil
defp find_invalid(bin) when is_binary(bin), do: nil
defp find_invalid(fun) when is_function(fun) do
unless :erlang.fun_info(fun, :env) == {:env, []} and
:erlang.fun_info(fun, :type) == {:type, :external} do
{:error, fun}
end
end
defp find_invalid(other), do: {:error, other}
@doc ~S"""
Unescape the given chars.
This is the unescaping behaviour used by default in Elixir
single- and double-quoted strings. Check `unescape_string/2`
for information on how to customize the escaping map.
In this setup, Elixir will escape the following: `\0`, `\a`, `\b`,
`\d`, `\e`, `\f`, `\n`, `\r`, `\s`, `\t` and `\v`. Hexadecimals
are also supported via `\xNN` and `\x{NN...}` syntax.
This function is commonly used on sigil implementations
(like `~r`, `~s` and others) which receive a raw, unescaped
string.
## Examples
iex> Macro.unescape_string("example\\n")
"example\n"
In the example above, we pass a string with `\n` escaped
and return a version with it unescaped.
"""
@spec unescape_string(String.t) :: String.t
def unescape_string(chars) do
:elixir_interpolation.unescape_chars(chars)
end
@doc ~S"""
Unescape the given chars according to the map given.
Check `unescape_string/1` if you want to use the same map
as Elixir single- and double-quoted strings.
## Map
The map must be a function. The function receives an integer
representing the codepoint of the character it wants to unescape.
Here is the default mapping function implemented by Elixir:
def unescape_map(?0), do: ?0
def unescape_map(?a), do: ?\a
def unescape_map(?b), do: ?\b
def unescape_map(?d), do: ?\d
def unescape_map(?e), do: ?\e
def unescape_map(?f), do: ?\f
def unescape_map(?n), do: ?\n
def unescape_map(?r), do: ?\r
def unescape_map(?s), do: ?\s
def unescape_map(?t), do: ?\t
def unescape_map(?v), do: ?\v
def unescape_map(?x), do: true
def unescape_map(e), do: e
If the `unescape_map` function returns `false`. The char is
not escaped and `\` is kept in the char list.
Hexadecimals will be escaped if the map function returns `true`
for `?x`.
## Examples
Using the `unescape_map` function defined above is easy:
Macro.unescape_string "example\\n", &unescape_map(&1)
"""
@spec unescape_string(String.t, (non_neg_integer -> non_neg_integer | false)) :: String.t
def unescape_string(chars, map) do
:elixir_interpolation.unescape_chars(chars, map)
end
@doc """
Unescape the given tokens according to the default map.
Check `unescape_string/1` and `unescape_string/2` for more
information about unescaping.
Only tokens that are binaries are unescaped, all others are
ignored. This function is useful when implementing your own
sigils. Check the implementation of `Kernel.sigil_s/2`
for examples.
"""
@spec unescape_tokens([Macro.t]) :: [Macro.t]
def unescape_tokens(tokens) do
:elixir_interpolation.unescape_tokens(tokens)
end
@doc """
Unescape the given tokens according to the given map.
Check `unescape_tokens/1` and `unescape_string/2` for more information.
"""
@spec unescape_tokens([Macro.t], (non_neg_integer -> non_neg_integer | false)) :: [Macro.t]
def unescape_tokens(tokens, map) do
:elixir_interpolation.unescape_tokens(tokens, map)
end
@doc """
Converts the given expression to a binary.
## Examples
iex> Macro.to_string(quote do: foo.bar(1, 2, 3))
"foo.bar(1, 2, 3)"
"""
@spec to_string(Macro.t) :: String.t
@spec to_string(Macro.t, (Macro.t, String.t -> String.t)) :: String.t
def to_string(tree, fun \\ fn(_ast, string) -> string end)
# Variables
def to_string({var, _, atom} = ast, fun) when is_atom(atom) do
fun.(ast, Atom.to_string(var))
end
# Aliases
def to_string({:__aliases__, _, refs} = ast, fun) do
fun.(ast, Enum.map_join(refs, ".", &call_to_string(&1, fun)))
end
# Blocks
def to_string({:__block__, _, [expr]} = ast, fun) do
fun.(ast, to_string(expr, fun))
end
def to_string({:__block__, _, _} = ast, fun) do
block = adjust_new_lines block_to_string(ast, fun), "\n "
fun.(ast, "(\n " <> block <> "\n)")
end
# Bits containers
def to_string({:<<>>, _, args} = ast, fun) do
fun.(ast, case Enum.map_join(args, ", ", &to_string(&1, fun)) do
"<" <> rest -> "<< <" <> rest <> " >>"
rest -> "<<" <> rest <> ">>"
end)
end
# Tuple containers
def to_string({:{}, _, args} = ast, fun) do
tuple = "{" <> Enum.map_join(args, ", ", &to_string(&1, fun)) <> "}"
fun.(ast, tuple)
end
# Map containers
def to_string({:%{}, _, args} = ast, fun) do
map = "%{" <> map_to_string(args, fun) <> "}"
fun.(ast, map)
end
def to_string({:%, _, [structname, map]} = ast, fun) do
{:%{}, _, args} = map
struct = "%" <> to_string(structname, fun) <> "{" <> map_to_string(args, fun) <> "}"
fun.(ast, struct)
end
# Fn keyword
def to_string({:fn, _, [{:->, _, [_, tuple]}] = arrow} = ast, fun)
when not is_tuple(tuple) or elem(tuple, 0) != :__block__ do
fun.(ast, "fn " <> arrow_to_string(arrow, fun) <> " end")
end
def to_string({:fn, _, [{:->, _, _}] = block} = ast, fun) do
fun.(ast, "fn " <> block_to_string(block, fun) <> "\nend")
end
def to_string({:fn, _, block} = ast, fun) do
block = adjust_new_lines block_to_string(block, fun), "\n "
fun.(ast, "fn\n " <> block <> "\nend")
end
# left -> right
def to_string([{:->, _, _}|_] = ast, fun) do
fun.(ast, "(" <> arrow_to_string(ast, fun, true) <> ")")
end
# left when right
def to_string({:when, _, [left, right]} = ast, fun) do
if right != [] and Keyword.keyword?(right) do
right = kw_list_to_string(right, fun)
else
right = fun.(ast, op_to_string(right, fun, :when, :right))
end
fun.(ast, op_to_string(left, fun, :when, :left) <> " when " <> right)
end
# Binary ops
def to_string({op, _, [left, right]} = ast, fun) when op in unquote(@binary_ops) do
fun.(ast, op_to_string(left, fun, op, :left) <> " #{op} " <> op_to_string(right, fun, op, :right))
end
# Splat when
def to_string({:when, _, args} = ast, fun) do
{left, right} = :elixir_utils.split_last(args)
fun.(ast, "(" <> Enum.map_join(left, ", ", &to_string(&1, fun)) <> ") when " <> to_string(right, fun))
end
# Unary ops
def to_string({unary, _, [{binary, _, [_, _]} = arg]} = ast, fun)
when unary in unquote(@unary_ops) and binary in unquote(@binary_ops) do
fun.(ast, Atom.to_string(unary) <> "(" <> to_string(arg, fun) <> ")")
end
def to_string({:not, _, [arg]} = ast, fun) do
fun.(ast, "not " <> to_string(arg, fun))
end
def to_string({op, _, [arg]} = ast, fun) when op in unquote(@unary_ops) do
fun.(ast, Atom.to_string(op) <> to_string(arg, fun))
end
# Access
def to_string({{:., _, [Access, :get]}, _, [left, right]} = ast, fun) do
fun.(ast, to_string(left, fun) <> to_string([right], fun))
end
# All other calls
def to_string({target, _, args} = ast, fun) when is_list(args) do
if sigil = sigil_call(ast, fun) do
sigil
else
{list, last} = :elixir_utils.split_last(args)
fun.(ast, case kw_blocks?(last) do
true -> call_to_string_with_args(target, list, fun) <> kw_blocks_to_string(last, fun)
false -> call_to_string_with_args(target, args, fun)
end)
end
end
# Two-item tuples
def to_string({left, right}, fun) do
to_string({:{}, [], [left, right]}, fun)
end
# Lists
def to_string(list, fun) when is_list(list) do
fun.(list, cond do
list == [] ->
"[]"
:io_lib.printable_list(list) ->
"'" <> Inspect.BitString.escape(IO.chardata_to_string(list), ?') <> "'"
Keyword.keyword?(list) ->
"[" <> kw_list_to_string(list, fun) <> "]"
true ->
"[" <> Enum.map_join(list, ", ", &to_string(&1, fun)) <> "]"
end)
end
# All other structures
def to_string(other, fun), do: fun.(other, inspect(other, []))
# Block keywords
@kw_keywords [:do, :catch, :rescue, :after, :else]
defp kw_blocks?([_|_] = kw) do
Enum.all?(kw, &match?({x, _} when x in unquote(@kw_keywords), &1))
end
defp kw_blocks?(_), do: false
defp module_to_string(atom, _fun) when is_atom(atom), do: inspect(atom, [])
defp module_to_string(other, fun), do: call_to_string(other, fun)
defp sigil_call({func, _, [{:<<>>, _, [string]}, args]} = ast, fun) when is_list(args) do
sigil =
case Atom.to_string(func) do
<<"sigil_", name>> ->
"~" <> <<name>> <>
fun.(string, inspect(string, [])) <>
sigil_args(args, fun)
_ ->
nil
end
fun.(ast, sigil)
end
defp sigil_call(_other, _fun) do
nil
end
defp sigil_args([], _fun), do: ""
defp sigil_args(args, fun), do: fun.(args, List.to_string(args))
defp call_to_string(atom, _fun) when is_atom(atom), do: Atom.to_string(atom)
defp call_to_string({:., _, [arg]}, fun), do: module_to_string(arg, fun) <> "."
defp call_to_string({:., _, [left, right]}, fun), do: module_to_string(left, fun) <> "." <> call_to_string(right, fun)
defp call_to_string(other, fun), do: to_string(other, fun)
defp call_to_string_with_args(target, args, fun) do
target = call_to_string(target, fun)
args = args_to_string(args, fun)
target <> "(" <> args <> ")"
end
defp args_to_string(args, fun) do
{list, last} = :elixir_utils.split_last(args)
if last != [] and Keyword.keyword?(last) do
args = Enum.map_join(list, ", ", &to_string(&1, fun))
if list != [], do: args = args <> ", "
args <> kw_list_to_string(last, fun)
else
Enum.map_join(args, ", ", &to_string(&1, fun))
end
end
defp kw_blocks_to_string(kw, fun) do
Enum.reduce(@kw_keywords, " ", fn(x, acc) ->
case Keyword.has_key?(kw, x) do
true -> acc <> kw_block_to_string(x, Keyword.get(kw, x), fun)
false -> acc
end
end) <> "end"
end
defp kw_block_to_string(key, value, fun) do
block = adjust_new_lines block_to_string(value, fun), "\n "
Atom.to_string(key) <> "\n " <> block <> "\n"
end
defp block_to_string([{:->, _, _}|_] = block, fun) do
Enum.map_join(block, "\n", fn({:->, _, [left, right]}) ->
left = comma_join_or_empty_paren(left, fun, false)
left <> "->\n " <> adjust_new_lines block_to_string(right, fun), "\n "
end)
end
defp block_to_string({:__block__, _, exprs}, fun) do
Enum.map_join(exprs, "\n", &to_string(&1, fun))
end
defp block_to_string(other, fun), do: to_string(other, fun)
defp map_to_string([{:|, _, [update_map, update_args]}], fun) do
to_string(update_map, fun) <> " | " <> map_to_string(update_args, fun)
end
defp map_to_string(list, fun) do
cond do
Keyword.keyword?(list) -> kw_list_to_string(list, fun)
true -> map_list_to_string(list, fun)
end
end
defp kw_list_to_string(list, fun) do
Enum.map_join(list, ", ", fn {key, value} ->
atom_name = case Inspect.Atom.inspect(key) do
":" <> rest -> rest
other -> other
end
atom_name <> ": " <> to_string(value, fun)
end)
end
defp map_list_to_string(list, fun) do
Enum.map_join(list, ", ", fn {key, value} ->
to_string(key, fun) <> " => " <> to_string(value, fun)
end)
end
defp parenthise(expr, fun) do
"(" <> to_string(expr, fun) <> ")"
end
defp op_to_string({op, _, [_, _]} = expr, fun, parent_op, side) when op in unquote(@binary_ops) do
{parent_assoc, parent_prec} = binary_op_props(parent_op)
{_, prec} = binary_op_props(op)
cond do
parent_prec < prec -> to_string(expr, fun)
parent_prec > prec -> parenthise(expr, fun)
true ->
# parent_prec == prec, so look at associativity.
if parent_assoc == side do
to_string(expr, fun)
else
parenthise(expr, fun)
end
end
end
defp op_to_string(expr, fun, _, _), do: to_string(expr, fun)
defp arrow_to_string(pairs, fun, paren \\ false) do
Enum.map_join(pairs, "; ", fn({:->, _, [left, right]}) ->
left = comma_join_or_empty_paren(left, fun, paren)
left <> "-> " <> to_string(right, fun)
end)
end
defp comma_join_or_empty_paren([], _fun, true), do: "() "
defp comma_join_or_empty_paren([], _fun, false), do: ""
defp comma_join_or_empty_paren(left, fun, _) do
Enum.map_join(left, ", ", &to_string(&1, fun)) <> " "
end
defp adjust_new_lines(block, replacement) do
for <<x <- block>>, into: "" do
case x == ?\n do
true -> replacement
false -> <<x>>
end
end
end
@doc """
Receives an AST node and expands it once.
The following contents are expanded:
* Macros (local or remote)
* Aliases are expanded (if possible) and return atoms
* Pseudo-variables (`__ENV__`, `__MODULE__` and `__DIR__`)
* Module attributes reader (`@foo`)
If the expression cannot be expanded, it returns the expression
itself. Notice that `expand_once/2` performs the expansion just
once and it is not recursive. Check `expand/2` for expansion
until the node can no longer be expanded.
## Examples
In the example below, we have a macro that generates a module
with a function named `name_length` that returns the length
of the module name. The value of this function will be calculated
at compilation time and not at runtime.
Consider the implementation below:
defmacro defmodule_with_length(name, do: block) do
length = length(Atom.to_char_list(name))
quote do
defmodule unquote(name) do
def name_length, do: unquote(length)
unquote(block)
end
end
end
When invoked like this:
defmodule_with_length My.Module do
def other_function, do: ...
end
The compilation will fail because `My.Module` when quoted
is not an atom, but a syntax tree as follow:
{:__aliases__, [], [:My, :Module]}
That said, we need to expand the aliases node above to an
atom, so we can retrieve its length. Expanding the node is
not straight-forward because we also need to expand the
caller aliases. For example:
alias MyHelpers, as: My
defmodule_with_length My.Module do
def other_function, do: ...
end
The final module name will be `MyHelpers.Module` and not
`My.Module`. With `Macro.expand/2`, such aliases are taken
into consideration. Local and remote macros are also
expanded. We could rewrite our macro above to use this
function as:
defmacro defmodule_with_length(name, do: block) do
expanded = Macro.expand(name, __CALLER__)
length = length(Atom.to_char_list(expanded))
quote do
defmodule unquote(name) do
def name_length, do: unquote(length)
unquote(block)
end
end
end
"""
def expand_once(ast, env) do
elem(do_expand_once(ast, env), 0)
end
defp do_expand_once({:__aliases__, _, _} = original, env) do
case :elixir_aliases.expand(original, env.aliases, env.macro_aliases, env.lexical_tracker) do
receiver when is_atom(receiver) ->
:elixir_lexical.record_remote(receiver, env.lexical_tracker)
{receiver, true}
aliases ->
aliases = for alias <- aliases, do: elem(do_expand_once(alias, env), 0)
case :lists.all(&is_atom/1, aliases) do
true ->
receiver = :elixir_aliases.concat(aliases)
:elixir_lexical.record_remote(receiver, env.lexical_tracker)
{receiver, true}
false ->
{original, false}
end
end
end
# Expand @ calls
defp do_expand_once({:@, _, [{name, _, args}]} = original, env) when is_atom(args) or args == [] do
case (module = env.module) && Module.open?(module) do
true -> {escape(Module.get_attribute(module, name)), true}
false -> {original, false}
end
end
# Expand pseudo-variables
defp do_expand_once({:__MODULE__, _, atom}, env) when is_atom(atom),
do: {env.module, true}
defp do_expand_once({:__DIR__, _, atom}, env) when is_atom(atom),
do: {:filename.dirname(env.file), true}
defp do_expand_once({:__ENV__, _, atom}, env) when is_atom(atom),
do: {{:%{}, [], Map.to_list(env)}, true}
defp do_expand_once({{:., _, [{:__ENV__, _, atom}, field]}, _, []} = original, env) when
is_atom(atom) and is_atom(field) do
if Map.has_key?(env, field) do
{Map.get(env, field), true}
else
{original, false}
end
end
# Expand possible macro import invocation
defp do_expand_once({atom, meta, context} = original, env)
when is_atom(atom) and is_list(meta) and is_atom(context) do
if :lists.member({atom, Keyword.get(meta, :counter, context)}, env.vars) do
{original, false}
else
case do_expand_once({atom, meta, []}, env) do
{_, true} = exp -> exp
{_, false} -> {original, false}
end
end
end
defp do_expand_once({atom, meta, args} = original, env)
when is_atom(atom) and is_list(args) and is_list(meta) do
arity = length(args)
if :elixir_import.special_form(atom, arity) do
{original, false}
else
module = env.module
extra = if function_exported?(module, :__info__, 1) do
[{module, module.__info__(:macros)}]
else
[]
end
expand = :elixir_dispatch.expand_import(meta, {atom, length(args)}, args,
env, extra, true)
case expand do
{:ok, receiver, quoted} ->
next = :elixir_counter.next
{:elixir_quote.linify_with_context_counter(0, {receiver, next}, quoted), true}
{:ok, _receiver, _name, _args} ->
{original, false}
:error ->
{original, false}
end
end
end
# Expand possible macro require invocation
defp do_expand_once({{:., _, [left, right]}, meta, args} = original, env) when is_atom(right) do
{receiver, _} = do_expand_once(left, env)
case is_atom(receiver) do
false -> {original, false}
true ->
expand = :elixir_dispatch.expand_require(meta, receiver, {right, length(args)}, args, env)
case expand do
{:ok, receiver, quoted} ->
next = :elixir_counter.next
{:elixir_quote.linify_with_context_counter(0, {receiver, next}, quoted), true}
:error ->
{original, false}
end
end
end
# Anything else is just returned
defp do_expand_once(other, _env), do: {other, false}
@doc """
Receives an AST node and expands it until it can no longer
be expanded.
This function uses `expand_once/2` under the hood. Check
`expand_once/2` for more information and examples.
"""
def expand(tree, env) do
expand_until({tree, true}, env)
end
defp expand_until({tree, true}, env) do
expand_until(do_expand_once(tree, env), env)
end
defp expand_until({tree, false}, _env) do
tree
end
end
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defmodule Macro.Env do
@moduledoc """
A struct that holds compile time environment information.
The current environment can be accessed at any time as
`__ENV__`. Inside macros, the caller environment can be
accessed as `__CALLER__`.
An instance of `Macro.Env` must not be modified by hand. If you need to
create a custom environment to pass to `Code.eval_quoted/3`, use the
following trick:
def make_custom_env do
import SomeModule, only: [some_function: 2]
alias A.B.C
__ENV__
end
You may then call `make_custom_env()` to get a struct with the desired
imports and aliases included.
It contains the following fields:
* `module` - the current module name
* `file` - the current file name as a binary
* `line` - the current line as an integer
* `function` - a tuple as `{atom, integer`}, where the first
element is the function name and the seconds its arity; returns
`nil` if not inside a function
* `context` - the context of the environment; it can be `nil`
(default context), inside a guard or inside an assign
* `aliases` - a list of two item tuples, where the first
item is the aliased name and the second the actual name
* `requires` - the list of required modules
* `functions` - a list of functions imported from each module
* `macros` - a list of macros imported from each module
* `macro_aliases` - a list of aliases defined inside the current macro
* `context_modules` - a list of modules defined in the current context
* `vars` - a list keeping all defined variables as `{var, context}`
* `export_vars` - a list keeping all variables to be exported in a
construct (may be `nil`)
* `lexical_tracker` - PID of the lexical tracker which is responsible to
keep user info
* `local` - the module to expand local functions to
"""
@type name_arity :: {atom, arity}
@type file :: binary
@type line :: non_neg_integer
@type aliases :: [{module, module}]
@type macro_aliases :: [{module, {integer, module}}]
@type context :: :match | :guard | nil
@type requires :: [module]
@type functions :: [{module, [name_arity]}]
@type macros :: [{module, [name_arity]}]
@type context_modules :: [module]
@type vars :: [{atom, atom | non_neg_integer}]
@type export_vars :: vars | nil
@type lexical_tracker :: pid
@type local :: atom | nil
@type t :: %{__struct__: __MODULE__,
module: atom,
file: file,
line: line,
function: name_arity | nil,
context: context,
requires: requires,
aliases: aliases,
functions: functions,
macros: macros,
macro_aliases: aliases,
context_modules: context_modules,
vars: vars,
export_vars: export_vars,
lexical_tracker: lexical_tracker,
local: local}
def __struct__ do
%{__struct__: __MODULE__,
module: nil,
file: "nofile",
line: 0,
function: nil,
context: nil,
requires: [],
aliases: [],
functions: [],
macros: [],
macro_aliases: [],
context_modules: [],
vars: [],
export_vars: nil,
lexical_tracker: nil,
local: nil}
end
@doc """
Returns a keyword list containing the file and line
information as keys.
"""
def location(%{__struct__: Macro.Env, file: file, line: line}) do
[file: file, line: line]
end
@doc """
Returns whether the compilation environment is currently
inside a guard.
"""
def in_guard?(%{__struct__: Macro.Env, context: context}), do: context == :guard
@doc """
Returns whether the compilation environment is currently
inside a match clause.
"""
def in_match?(%{__struct__: Macro.Env, context: context}), do: context == :match
@doc """
Returns the environment stacktrace.
"""
def stacktrace(%{__struct__: Macro.Env} = env) do
cond do
is_nil(env.module) ->
[{:elixir_compiler, :__FILE__, 1, relative_location(env)}]
is_nil(env.function) ->
[{env.module, :__MODULE__, 0, relative_location(env)}]
true ->
{name, arity} = env.function
[{env.module, name, arity, relative_location(env)}]
end
end
defp relative_location(env) do
[file: Path.relative_to_cwd(env.file), line: env.line]
end
end
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defmodule Map do
@moduledoc """
A Dict implementation that works on maps.
Maps are key-value stores where keys are compared using
the match operator (`===`). Maps can be created with
the `%{}` special form defined in the `Kernel.SpecialForms`
module.
For more information about the functions in this module and
their APIs, please consult the `Dict` module.
"""
use Dict
defdelegate [keys(map), values(map), size(map), merge(map1, map2), to_list(map)], to: :maps
@compile {:inline, fetch: 2, put: 3, delete: 2, has_key?: 2}
@doc """
Returns a new empty map.
"""
def new, do: %{}
def has_key?(map, key), do: :maps.is_key(key, map)
def fetch(map, key), do: :maps.find(key, map)
def put(map, key, val) do
:maps.put(key, val, map)
end
def delete(map, key), do: :maps.remove(key, map)
def merge(map1, map2, callback) do
:maps.fold fn k, v2, acc ->
update(acc, k, v2, fn(v1) -> callback.(k, v1, v2) end)
end, map1, map2
end
@doc """
Converts a struct to map.
It accepts the struct module or a struct itself and
simply removes the `__struct__` field from the struct.
## Example
defmodule User do
defstruct [:name]
end
Map.from_struct(User)
#=> %{name: nil}
Map.from_struct(%User{name: "john"})
#=> %{name: "john"}
"""
def from_struct(struct) when is_atom(struct) do
:maps.remove(:__struct__, struct.__struct__)
end
def from_struct(%{__struct__: _} = struct) do
:maps.remove(:__struct__, struct)
end
def equal?(%{} = map1, %{} = map2), do: map1 === map2
end
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defmodule Module do
@moduledoc ~S'''
This module provides many functions to deal with modules during
compilation time. It allows a developer to dynamically attach
documentation, add, delete and register attributes and so forth.
After a module is compiled, using many of the functions in
this module will raise errors, since it is out of their scope
to inspect runtime data. Most of the runtime data can be inspected
via the `__info__(attr)` function attached to each compiled module.
## Module attributes
Each module can be decorated with one or more attributes. The following ones
are currently defined by Elixir:
* `@after_compile`
A hook that will be invoked right after the current module is compiled.
Accepts a module or a tuple `{<module>, <function atom>}`. The function
must take two arguments: the module environment and its bytecode.
When just a module is provided, the function is assumed to be
`__after_compile__/2`.
### Example
defmodule M do
@after_compile __MODULE__
def __after_compile__(env, _bytecode) do
IO.inspect env
end
end
* `@before_compile`
A hook that will be invoked before the module is compiled.
Accepts a module or a tuple `{<module>, <function/macro atom>}`. The
function/macro must take one argument: the module environment. If it's a
macro, its returned value will be injected at the end of the module definition
before the compilation starts.
When just a module is provided, the function/macro is assumed to be
`__before_compile__/1`.
Note: unlike `@after_compile`, the callback function/macro must
be placed in a separate module (because when the callback is invoked,
the current module does not yet exist).
### Example
defmodule A do
defmacro __before_compile__(_env) do
quote do
def hello, do: "world"
end
end
end
defmodule B do
@before_compile A
end
* `@behaviour` (notice the British spelling)
Specify an OTP or user-defined behaviour.
### Example
defmodule M do
@behaviour gen_event
# ...
end
* `@compile`
Define options for module compilation that are passed to the Erlang
compiler.
Accepts an atom, a tuple, or a list of atoms and tuples.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/compile.html for the list of supported
options.
Several uses of `@compile` will accumulate instead of overriding
previous ones.
### Example
defmodule M do
@compile {:inline, myfun: 1}
def myfun(arg) do
to_string(arg)
end
end
* `@doc`
Provide documentation for the function or macro that follows the
attribute.
Accepts a string (often a heredoc) or `false` where `@doc false` will
make the function/macro invisible to the documentation extraction tools
like ExDoc.
Can be invoked more than once.
### Example
defmodule M do
@doc "Hello world"
def hello do
"world"
end
@doc """
Sum.
"""
def sum(a, b) do
a + b
end
end
* `@file`
Change the filename used in stacktraces for the function or macro that
follows the attribute.
Accepts a string. Can be used more than once.
### Example
defmodule M do
@doc "Hello world"
@file "hello.ex"
def hello do
"world"
end
end
* `@moduledoc`
Provide documentation for the current module.
Accepts a string (which is often a heredoc) or `false` where
`@moduledoc false` will make the module invisible to the
documentation extraction tools like ExDoc.
### Example
defmodule M do
@moduledoc """
A very useful module
"""
end
* `@on_definition`
A hook that will be invoked when each function or macro in the current
module is defined. Useful when annotating functions.
Accepts a module or a tuple `{<module>, <function atom>}`. The function
must take 6 arguments:
- the module environment
- kind: `:def`, `:defp`, `:defmacro`, or `:defmacrop`
- function/macro name
- list of expanded arguments
- list of expanded guards
- expanded function body
Note the hook receives the expanded arguments and it is invoked before
the function is stored in the module. So `Module.defines?/2` will return
false for the first clause of every function.
If the function/macro being defined has multiple clauses, the hook will
be called for each clause.
Unlike other hooks, `@on_definition` will only invoke functions
and never macros. This is because the hook is invoked inside the context
of the function (and nested function definitions are not allowed in
Elixir).
When just a module is provided, the function is assumed to be
`__on_definition__/6`.
### Example
defmodule H do
def on_def(_env, kind, name, args, guards, body) do
IO.puts "Defining #{kind} named #{name} with args:"
IO.inspect args
IO.puts "and guards"
IO.inspect guards
IO.puts "and body"
IO.puts Macro.to_string(body)
end
end
defmodule M do
@on_definition {H, :on_def}
def hello(arg) when is_binary(arg) or is_list(arg) do
"Hello" <> to_string(arg)
end
def hello(_) do
:ok
end
end
* `@on_load`
A hook that will be invoked whenever the module is loaded.
Accepts a function atom of a function in the current module. The function
must have arity 0 (no arguments) and has to return `:ok`, otherwise the
loading of the module will be aborted.
### Example
defmodule M do
@on_load :load_check
def load_check do
if some_condition() do
:ok
else
nil
end
end
def some_condition do
false
end
end
* `@vsn`
Specify the module version. Accepts any valid Elixir value.
### Example
defmodule M do
@vsn "1.0"
end
* `@external_resource`
Specify an external resource to the current module.
Many times a module embeds information from an external file. This
attribute allows the module to annotate which external resources
have been used.
Tools like Mix may use this information to ensure the module is
recompiled in case any of the external resources change.
The following attributes are part of typespecs and are also reserved by
Elixir (see `Kernel.Typespec` for more information about typespecs):
* `@type` - defines a type to be used in `@spec`
* `@typep` - defines a private type to be used in `@spec`
* `@opaque` - defines an opaque type to be used in `@spec`
* `@spec` - provides a specification for a function
* `@callback` - provides a specification for the behaviour callback
In addition to the built-in attributes outlined above, custom attributes may
also be added. A custom attribute is any valid identifier prefixed with an
`@` and followed by a valid Elixir value:
defmodule M do
@custom_attr [some: "stuff"]
end
For more advanced options available when defining custom attributes, see
`register_attribute/3`.
## Runtime information about a module
It is possible to query a module at runtime to find out which functions and
macros it defines, extract its docstrings, etc. See `__info__/1`.
'''
@doc """
Provides runtime information about functions and macros defined by the
module, enables docstring extraction, etc.
Each module gets an `__info__/1` function when it's compiled. The function
takes one of the following atoms:
* `:functions` - keyword list of public functions along with their arities
* `:macros` - keyword list of public macros along with their arities
* `:module` - module name (`Module == Module.__info__(:module)`)
In addition to the above, you may also pass to `__info__/1` any atom supported
by Erlang's `module_info` function which also gets defined for each compiled
module. See http://erlang.org/doc/reference_manual/modules.html#id69430 for
more information.
"""
def __info__(kind)
@doc """
Check if a module is open, i.e. it is currently being defined
and its attributes and functions can be modified.
"""
def open?(module) do
:elixir_module.is_open(module)
end
@doc """
Evaluates the quoted contents in the given module's context.
A list of environment options can also be given as argument.
See `Code.eval_string/3` for more information.
Raises an error if the module was already compiled.
## Examples
defmodule Foo do
contents = quote do: (def sum(a, b), do: a + b)
Module.eval_quoted __MODULE__, contents
end
Foo.sum(1, 2) #=> 3
For convenience, you can my pass `__ENV__` as argument and
all options will be automatically extracted from the environment:
defmodule Foo do
contents = quote do: (def sum(a, b), do: a + b)
Module.eval_quoted __MODULE__, contents, [], __ENV__
end
Foo.sum(1, 2) #=> 3
"""
def eval_quoted(module, quoted, binding \\ [], opts \\ [])
def eval_quoted(%Macro.Env{} = env, quoted, binding, opts) do
eval_quoted(env.module, quoted, binding, Keyword.merge(Map.to_list(env), opts))
end
def eval_quoted(module, quoted, binding, %Macro.Env{} = env) do
eval_quoted(module, quoted, binding, Map.to_list(env))
end
def eval_quoted(module, quoted, binding, opts) do
assert_not_compiled!(:eval_quoted, module)
:elixir_def.reset_last(module)
{value, binding, _env, _scope} =
:elixir.eval_quoted quoted, binding, Keyword.put(opts, :module, module)
{value, binding}
end
@doc """
Creates a module with the given name and defined by
the given quoted expressions.
The line where the module is defined and its file **must**
be passed as options.
## Examples
contents =
quote do
def world, do: true
end
Module.create(Hello, contents, Macro.Env.location(__ENV__))
Hello.world #=> true
## Differences from `defmodule`
`Module.create` works similarly to `defmodule` and
return the same results. While one could also use
`defmodule` to define modules dynamically, this
function is preferred when the module body is given
by a quoted expression.
Another important distinction is that `Module.create`
allows you to control the environment variables used
when defining the module, while `defmodule` automatically
shares the same environment.
"""
def create(module, quoted, opts)
def create(module, quoted, %Macro.Env{} = env) do
create(module, quoted, Map.to_list(env))
end
def create(module, quoted, opts) when is_atom(module) and is_list(opts) do
unless Keyword.has_key?(opts, :file) do
raise ArgumentError, "expected :file to be given as option"
end
:elixir_module.compile(module, quoted, [], :elixir.env_for_eval(opts))
end
@doc """
Concatenates a list of aliases and returns a new alias.
## Examples
iex> Module.concat([Foo, Bar])
Foo.Bar
iex> Module.concat([Foo, "Bar"])
Foo.Bar
"""
@spec concat([binary | atom]) :: atom
def concat(list) when is_list(list) do
:elixir_aliases.concat(list)
end
@doc """
Concatenates two aliases and returns a new alias.
## Examples
iex> Module.concat(Foo, Bar)
Foo.Bar
iex> Module.concat(Foo, "Bar")
Foo.Bar
"""
@spec concat(binary | atom, binary | atom) :: atom
def concat(left, right) do
:elixir_aliases.concat([left, right])
end
@doc """
Concatenates a list of aliases and returns a new alias only
if the alias was already referenced. If the alias was not
referenced yet, fails with `ArgumentError`.
It handles char lists, binaries and atoms.
## Examples
iex> Module.safe_concat([Unknown, Module])
** (ArgumentError) argument error
iex> Module.safe_concat([List, Chars])
List.Chars
"""
@spec safe_concat([binary | atom]) :: atom | no_return
def safe_concat(list) when is_list(list) do
:elixir_aliases.safe_concat(list)
end
@doc """
Concatenates two aliases and returns a new alias only
if the alias was already referenced. If the alias was not
referenced yet, fails with `ArgumentError`.
It handles char lists, binaries and atoms.
## Examples
iex> Module.safe_concat(Unknown, Module)
** (ArgumentError) argument error
iex> Module.safe_concat(List, Chars)
List.Chars
"""
@spec safe_concat(binary | atom, binary | atom) :: atom | no_return
def safe_concat(left, right) do
:elixir_aliases.safe_concat([left, right])
end
@doc """
Attaches documentation to a given function or type. It expects
the module the function/type belongs to, the line (a non negative
integer), the kind (`def` or `defmacro`), a tuple representing
the function and its arity, the function signature (the signature
should be omitted for types) and the documentation, which should
be either a binary or a boolean.
## Examples
defmodule MyModule do
Module.add_doc(__MODULE__, __ENV__.line + 1, :def, {:version, 0}, [], "Manually added docs")
def version, do: 1
end
"""
def add_doc(module, line, kind, tuple, signature \\ [], doc)
def add_doc(_module, _line, kind, _tuple, _signature, doc) when kind in [:defp, :defmacrop, :typep] do
if doc, do: {:error, :private_doc}, else: :ok
end
def add_doc(module, line, kind, tuple, signature, doc) when
kind in [:def, :defmacro, :type, :opaque] and (is_binary(doc) or is_boolean(doc) or doc == nil) do
assert_not_compiled!(:add_doc, module)
table = data_table_for(module)
{signature, _} = :lists.mapfoldl fn(x, acc) ->
{simplify_signature(x, acc), acc + 1}
end, 1, signature
case :ets.lookup(table, {:doc, tuple}) do
[] ->
:ets.insert(table, {{:doc, tuple}, line, kind, signature, doc})
:ok
[{doc_tuple, line, _old_kind, old_sign, old_doc}] ->
:ets.insert(table, {
doc_tuple,
line,
kind,
merge_signatures(old_sign, signature, 1),
if(is_nil(doc), do: old_doc, else: doc)
})
:ok
end
end
# Simplify signatures to be stored in docs
defp simplify_signature({:\\, _, [left, right ]}, i) do
{:\\, [], [simplify_signature(left, i), right]}
end
defp simplify_signature({:%, _, [left, _]}, _i) when is_atom(left) do
last = List.last(String.split(Atom.to_string(left), "."))
atom = String.to_atom(downcase(last))
{atom, [], nil}
end
defp simplify_signature({:=, _, [_, right]}, i) do
simplify_signature(right, i)
end
defp simplify_signature({var, _, atom}, _i) when is_atom(atom) do
case Atom.to_string(var) do
"_" <> rest -> {String.to_atom(rest), [], Elixir}
_ -> {var, [], nil}
end
end
defp simplify_signature(other, i) when is_integer(other), do: {:"int#{i}", [], Elixir}
defp simplify_signature(other, i) when is_boolean(other), do: {:"bool#{i}", [], Elixir}
defp simplify_signature(other, i) when is_atom(other), do: {:"atom#{i}", [], Elixir}
defp simplify_signature(other, i) when is_list(other), do: {:"list#{i}", [], Elixir}
defp simplify_signature(other, i) when is_float(other), do: {:"float#{i}", [], Elixir}
defp simplify_signature(other, i) when is_binary(other), do: {:"binary#{i}", [], Elixir}
defp simplify_signature(_, i), do: {:"arg#{i}", [], Elixir}
defp downcase(<<c :: utf8, rest :: binary>>) when c >= ?A and c <= ?Z do
<<c + 32 :: utf8, downcase(rest) :: binary>>
end
defp downcase(<<c, rest :: binary>>) do
<<c, downcase(rest) :: binary>>
end
defp downcase(<<>>) do
<<>>
end
# Merge
defp merge_signatures([h1|t1], [h2|t2], i) do
[merge_signature(h1, h2, i)|merge_signatures(t1, t2, i + 1)]
end
defp merge_signatures([], [], _) do
[]
end
defp merge_signature({:\\, line, [left, right]}, newer, i) do
{:\\, line, [merge_signature(left, newer, i), right]}
end
defp merge_signature(older, {:\\, _, [left, _]}, i) do
merge_signature(older, left, i)
end
# The older signature, when given, always have higher precedence
defp merge_signature({_, _, nil} = older, _newer, _), do: older
defp merge_signature(_older, {_, _, nil} = newer, _), do: newer
# Both are a guess, so check if they are the same guess
defp merge_signature({var, _, _} = older, {var, _, _}, _), do: older
# Otherwise, returns a generic guess
defp merge_signature({_, line, _}, _newer, i), do: {:"arg#{i}", line, Elixir}
@doc """
Checks if the module defines the given function or macro.
Use `defines?/3` to assert for a specific type.
## Examples
defmodule Example do
Module.defines? __MODULE__, {:version, 0} #=> false
def version, do: 1
Module.defines? __MODULE__, {:version, 0} #=> true
end
"""
def defines?(module, tuple) when is_tuple(tuple) do
assert_not_compiled!(:defines?, module)
table = defs_table_for(module)
:ets.lookup(table, tuple) != []
end
@doc """
Checks if the module defines a function or macro of the
given `kind`. `kind` can be any of `:def`, `:defp`,
`:defmacro` or `:defmacrop`.
## Examples
defmodule Example do
Module.defines? __MODULE__, {:version, 0}, :defp #=> false
def version, do: 1
Module.defines? __MODULE__, {:version, 0}, :defp #=> false
end
"""
def defines?(module, tuple, kind) do
assert_not_compiled!(:defines?, module)
table = defs_table_for(module)
case :ets.lookup(table, tuple) do
[{_, ^kind, _, _, _, _, _}] -> true
_ -> false
end
end
@doc """
Return all functions defined in `module`.
## Examples
defmodule Example do
def version, do: 1
Module.definitions_in __MODULE__ #=> [{:version,0}]
end
"""
def definitions_in(module) do
assert_not_compiled!(:definitions_in, module)
table = defs_table_for(module)
:lists.concat :ets.match(table, {:'$1', :_, :_, :_, :_, :_, :_})
end
@doc """
Returns all functions defined in `module`, according
to its kind.
## Examples
defmodule Example do
def version, do: 1
Module.definitions_in __MODULE__, :def #=> [{:version,0}]
Module.definitions_in __MODULE__, :defp #=> []
end
"""
def definitions_in(module, kind) do
assert_not_compiled!(:definitions_in, module)
table = defs_table_for(module)
:lists.concat :ets.match(table, {:'$1', kind, :_, :_, :_, :_, :_})
end
@doc """
Makes the given functions in `module` overridable.
An overridable function is lazily defined, allowing a
developer to customize it. See `Kernel.defoverridable/1` for
more information and documentation.
"""
def make_overridable(module, tuples) do
assert_not_compiled!(:make_overridable, module)
for tuple <- tuples do
case :elixir_def.lookup_definition(module, tuple) do
false ->
{name, arity} = tuple
raise "Cannot make function #{name}/#{arity} overridable because it was not defined"
clause ->
:elixir_def.delete_definition(module, tuple)
neighbours = if loaded?(Module.LocalsTracker) do
Module.LocalsTracker.yank(module, tuple)
else
[]
end
old = :elixir_def_overridable.overridable(module)
merged = :orddict.update(tuple, fn({count, _, _, _}) ->
{count + 1, clause, neighbours, false}
end, {1, clause, neighbours, false}, old)
:elixir_def_overridable.overridable(module, merged)
end
end
end
@doc """
Returns `true` if `tuple` in `module` is marked as overridable.
"""
def overridable?(module, tuple) do
!!List.keyfind(:elixir_def_overridable.overridable(module), tuple, 0)
end
@doc """
Puts an Erlang attribute to the given module with the given
key and value. The semantics of putting the attribute depends
if the attribute was registered or not via `register_attribute/3`.
## Examples
defmodule MyModule do
Module.put_attribute __MODULE__, :custom_threshold_for_lib, 10
end
"""
def put_attribute(module, key, value) when is_atom(key) do
assert_not_compiled!(:put_attribute, module)
table = data_table_for(module)
value = normalize_attribute(key, value)
acc = :ets.lookup_element(table, {:elixir, :acc_attributes}, 2)
new =
if :lists.member(key, acc) do
case :ets.lookup(table, key) do
[{^key, old}] -> [value|old]
[] -> [value]
end
else
value
end
:ets.insert(table, {key, new})
end
@doc """
Gets the given attribute from a module. If the attribute
was marked with `accumulate` with `Module.register_attribute/3`,
a list is always returned.
The `@` macro compiles to a call to this function. For example,
the following code:
@foo
Expands close to:
Module.get_attribute(__MODULE__, :foo)
## Examples
defmodule Foo do
Module.put_attribute __MODULE__, :value, 1
Module.get_attribute __MODULE__, :value #=> 1
Module.register_attribute __MODULE__, :value, accumulate: true
Module.put_attribute __MODULE__, :value, 1
Module.get_attribute __MODULE__, :value #=> [1]
end
"""
@spec get_attribute(atom, atom) :: term
def get_attribute(module, key) do
get_attribute(module, key, nil)
end
@doc """
Deletes all attributes that match the given key.
## Examples
defmodule MyModule do
Module.put_attribute __MODULE__, :custom_threshold_for_lib, 10
Module.delete_attribute __MODULE__, :custom_threshold_for_lib
end
"""
@spec delete_attribute(atom, atom) :: :ok
def delete_attribute(module, key) when is_atom(key) do
assert_not_compiled!(:delete_attribute, module)
table = data_table_for(module)
:ets.delete(table, key)
:ok
end
@doc """
Registers an attribute. By registering an attribute, a developer
is able to customize how Elixir will store and accumulate the
attribute values.
## Options
When registering an attribute, two options can be given:
* `:accumulate` - several calls to the same attribute will
accumulate instead of override the previous one. New attributes
are always added to the top of the accumulated list.
* `:persist` - the attribute will be persisted in the Erlang
Abstract Format. Useful when interfacing with Erlang libraries.
By default, both options are `false`.
## Examples
defmodule MyModule do
Module.register_attribute __MODULE__,
:custom_threshold_for_lib,
accumulate: true, persist: false
@custom_threshold_for_lib 10
@custom_threshold_for_lib 20
@custom_threshold_for_lib #=> [20, 10]
end
"""
def register_attribute(module, new, opts) when is_atom(new) do
assert_not_compiled!(:register_attribute, module)
table = data_table_for(module)
if Keyword.get(opts, :persist) do
old = :ets.lookup_element(table, {:elixir, :persisted_attributes}, 2)
:ets.insert(table, {{:elixir, :persisted_attributes}, [new|old]})
end
if Keyword.get(opts, :accumulate) do
old = :ets.lookup_element(table, {:elixir, :acc_attributes}, 2)
:ets.insert(table, {{:elixir, :acc_attributes}, [new|old]})
end
end
@doc """
Split the given module name into binary parts.
## Examples
Module.split Very.Long.Module.Name.And.Even.Longer
#=> ["Very", "Long", "Module", "Name", "And", "Even", "Longer"]
"""
def split(module) do
tl(String.split(String.Chars.to_string(module), "."))
end
@doc false
# Used internally to compile documentation. This function
# is private and must be used only internally.
def compile_doc(env, kind, name, args, _guards, _body) do
module = env.module
line = env.line
arity = length(args)
pair = {name, arity}
doc = get_attribute(module, :doc)
case add_doc(module, line, kind, pair, args, doc) do
:ok ->
:ok
{:error, :private_doc} ->
:elixir_errors.warn line, env.file,
"function #{name}/#{arity} is private, " <>
"@doc's are always discarded for private functions"
end
delete_attribute(module, :doc)
end
@doc false
# Used internally to compile types. This function
# is private and must be used only internally.
def store_typespec(module, key, value) when is_atom(key) do
assert_not_compiled!(:put_attribute, module)
table = data_table_for(module)
new =
case :ets.lookup(table, key) do
[{^key, old}] -> [value|old]
[] -> [value]
end
:ets.insert(table, {key, new})
end
@doc false
def get_attribute(module, key, warn) when is_atom(key) and (is_list(warn) or is_nil(warn)) do
assert_not_compiled!(:get_attribute, module)
table = data_table_for(module)
case :ets.lookup(table, key) do
[{^key, val}] -> val
[] ->
acc = :ets.lookup_element(table, {:elixir, :acc_attributes}, 2)
cond do
:lists.member(key, acc) ->
[]
is_list(warn) ->
:elixir_errors.warn warn_info(warn), "undefined module attribute @#{key}, " <>
"please remove access to @#{key} or explicitly set it to nil before access"
nil
true ->
nil
end
end
end
defp warn_info([entry|_]) do
opts = elem(entry, tuple_size(entry) - 1)
Exception.format_file_line(Keyword.get(opts, :file), Keyword.get(opts, :line)) <> " "
end
defp warn_info([]) do
""
end
## Helpers
defp normalize_attribute(:on_load, atom) when is_atom(atom) do
{atom, 0}
end
defp normalize_attribute(:behaviour, atom) when is_atom(atom) do
# Attempt to compile behaviour but ignore failure (will warn later)
_ = Code.ensure_compiled(atom)
atom
end
defp normalize_attribute(:file, file) when is_binary(file) do
file
end
defp normalize_attribute(key, atom) when is_atom(atom) and
key in [:before_compile, :after_compile, :on_definition] do
{atom, :"__#{key}__"}
end
defp normalize_attribute(key, _value) when key in [:type, :typep, :export_type, :opaque, :callback] do
raise ArgumentError, "attributes type, typep, export_type, opaque and callback " <>
"must be set via Kernel.Typespec"
end
defp normalize_attribute(_key, value) do
value
end
defp data_table_for(module) do
:elixir_module.data_table(module)
end
defp defs_table_for(module) do
:elixir_module.defs_table(module)
end
defp assert_not_compiled!(fun, module) do
open?(module) ||
raise ArgumentError,
"could not call #{fun} on module #{inspect module} because it was already compiled"
end
defp loaded?(module), do: is_tuple :code.is_loaded(module)
end
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@@ -1,368 +0,0 @@
# This is a module Elixir responsible for tracking
# calls in order to extract Elixir modules' behaviour
# during compilation time.
#
# ## Implementation
#
# The implementation uses the digraph module to track
# all dependencies. The graph starts with one main vertice:
#
# * `:local` - points to local functions
#
# We also have can the following vertices:
#
# * `Module` - a module that was invoked via an import
# * `{name, arity}` - a local function/arity pair
# * `{:import, name, arity}` - an invoked function/arity import
#
# Each of those vertices can associate to other vertices
# as described below:
#
# * `Module`
# * in neighbours: `{:import, name, arity}`
#
# * `{name, arity}`
# * in neighbours: `:local`, `{name, arity}`
# * out neighbours: `{:import, name, arity}`
#
# * `{:import, name, arity}`
# * in neighbours: `{name, arity}`
# * out neighbours: `Module`
#
# Note that since this is required for bootstrap, we can't use
# any of the `GenServer.Behaviour` conveniences.
defmodule Module.LocalsTracker do
@moduledoc false
@timeout 30_000
@behaviour :gen_server
@type ref :: pid | module
@type name :: atom
@type name_arity :: {name, arity}
@type local :: {name, arity}
@type import :: {:import, name, arity}
# Public API
@doc """
Returns all imported modules that had the given
`{name, arity}` invoked.
"""
@spec imports_with_dispatch(ref, name_arity) :: [module]
def imports_with_dispatch(ref, {name, arity}) do
d = :gen_server.call(to_pid(ref), :digraph, @timeout)
:digraph.out_neighbours(d, {:import, name, arity})
end
@doc """
Returns all locals that are reachable.
By default, all public functions are reachable.
A private function is only reachable if it has
a public function that it invokes directly.
"""
@spec reachable(ref) :: [local]
def reachable(ref) do
reachable_from(:gen_server.call(to_pid(ref), :digraph, @timeout), :local)
end
defp reachable_from(d, starting) do
:sets.to_list(reduce_reachable(d, starting, :sets.new))
end
defp reduce_reachable(d, vertex, vertices) do
neighbours = :digraph.out_neighbours(d, vertex)
neighbours = (for {_, _} = t <- neighbours, do: t) |> :sets.from_list
remaining = :sets.subtract(neighbours, vertices)
vertices = :sets.union(neighbours, vertices)
:sets.fold(&reduce_reachable(d, &1, &2), vertices, remaining)
end
defp to_pid(pid) when is_pid(pid), do: pid
defp to_pid(mod) when is_atom(mod) do
table = :elixir_module.data_table(mod)
[{_, val}] = :ets.lookup(table, {:elixir, :locals_tracker})
val
end
# Internal API
# Starts the tracker and returns its pid.
@doc false
def start_link do
:gen_server.start_link(__MODULE__, [], [])
end
# Adds a definition into the tracker. A public
# definition is connected with the :local node
# while a private one is left unreachable until
# a call is made to.
@doc false
def add_definition(pid, kind, tuple) when kind in [:def, :defp, :defmacro, :defmacrop] do
:gen_server.cast(pid, {:add_definition, kind, tuple})
end
# Adds and tracks defaults for a definition into the tracker.
@doc false
def add_defaults(pid, kind, tuple, defaults) when kind in [:def, :defp, :defmacro, :defmacrop] do
:gen_server.cast(pid, {:add_defaults, kind, tuple, defaults})
end
# Adds a local dispatch to the given target.
def add_local(pid, to) when is_tuple(to) do
:gen_server.cast(pid, {:add_local, :local, to})
end
# Adds a local dispatch from-to the given target.
@doc false
def add_local(pid, from, to) when is_tuple(from) and is_tuple(to) do
:gen_server.cast(pid, {:add_local, from, to})
end
# Adds a import dispatch to the given target.
@doc false
def add_import(pid, function, module, target) when is_atom(module) and is_tuple(target) do
:gen_server.cast(pid, {:add_import, function, module, target})
end
# Yanks a local node. Returns its in and out vertices in a tuple.
@doc false
def yank(pid, local) do
:gen_server.call(to_pid(pid), {:yank, local}, @timeout)
end
# Reattach a previously yanked node
@doc false
def reattach(pid, kind, tuple, neighbours) do
:gen_server.cast(to_pid(pid), {:reattach, kind, tuple, neighbours})
end
# Collecting all conflicting imports with the given functions
@doc false
def collect_imports_conflicts(pid, all_defined) do
d = :gen_server.call(pid, :digraph, @timeout)
for {name, arity} <- all_defined,
:digraph.in_neighbours(d, {:import, name, arity}) != [],
n = :digraph.out_neighbours(d, {:import, name, arity}),
n != [] do
{n, name, arity}
end
end
# Collect all unused definitions based on the private
# given also accounting the expected amount of default
# clauses a private function have.
@doc false
def collect_unused_locals(ref, private) do
d = :gen_server.call(to_pid(ref), :digraph, @timeout)
{unreachable(d, private), collect_warnings(d, private)}
end
defp unreachable(d, private) do
unreachable = for {tuple, _, _} <- private, do: tuple
private =
for {tuple, :defp, _} <- private do
neighbours = :digraph.in_neighbours(d, tuple)
neighbours = for {_, _} = t <- neighbours, do: t
{tuple, :sets.from_list(neighbours)}
end
reduce_unreachable(private, [], :sets.from_list(unreachable))
end
defp reduce_unreachable([{vertex, callers}|t], acc, unreachable) do
if :sets.is_subset(callers, unreachable) do
reduce_unreachable(t, [{vertex, callers}|acc], unreachable)
else
reduce_unreachable(acc ++ t, [], :sets.del_element(vertex, unreachable))
end
end
defp reduce_unreachable([], _acc, unreachable) do
:sets.to_list(unreachable)
end
defp collect_warnings(d, private) do
reachable = reachable_from(d, :local)
:lists.foldl(&collect_warnings(&1, &2, reachable), [], private)
end
defp collect_warnings({tuple, kind, 0}, acc, reachable) do
if :lists.member(tuple, reachable) do
acc
else
[{:unused_def, tuple, kind}|acc]
end
end
defp collect_warnings({tuple, kind, default}, acc, reachable) when default > 0 do
{name, arity} = tuple
min = arity - default
max = arity
invoked = for {n, a} <- reachable, n == name, a in min..max, do: a
if invoked == [] do
[{:unused_def, tuple, kind}|acc]
else
case :lists.min(invoked) - min do
0 -> acc
^default -> [{:unused_args, tuple}|acc]
unused_args -> [{:unused_args, tuple, unused_args}|acc]
end
end
end
@doc false
def cache_env(pid, env) do
:gen_server.call(pid, {:cache_env, env}, @timeout)
end
@doc false
def get_cached_env(pid, ref) do
:gen_server.call(pid, {:get_cached_env, ref}, @timeout)
end
# Stops the gen server
@doc false
def stop(pid) do
:gen_server.cast(pid, :stop)
end
# Callbacks
def init([]) do
d = :digraph.new([:protected])
:digraph.add_vertex(d, :local)
{:ok, {d, []}}
end
@doc false
def handle_call({:cache_env, env}, _from, {d, cache}) do
case cache do
[{i,^env}|_] ->
{:reply, i, {d, cache}}
t ->
i = length(t)
{:reply, i, {d, [{i,env}|t]}}
end
end
def handle_call({:get_cached_env, ref}, _from, {_, cache} = state) do
{^ref, env} = :lists.keyfind(ref, 1, cache)
{:reply, env, state}
end
def handle_call({:yank, local}, _from, {d, _} = state) do
out_vertices = :digraph.out_neighbours(d, local)
:digraph.del_edges(d, :digraph.out_edges(d, local))
{:reply, {[], out_vertices}, state}
end
def handle_call(:digraph, _from, {d, _} = state) do
{:reply, d, state}
end
def handle_call(request, _from, state) do
{:stop, {:bad_call, request}, state}
end
@doc false
def handle_info(_msg, state) do
{:noreply, state}
end
def handle_cast({:add_local, from, to}, {d, _} = state) do
handle_add_local(d, from, to)
{:noreply, state}
end
def handle_cast({:add_import, function, module, {name, arity}}, {d, _} = state) do
handle_import(d, function, module, name, arity)
{:noreply, state}
end
def handle_cast({:add_definition, kind, tuple}, {d, _} = state) do
handle_add_definition(d, kind, tuple)
{:noreply, state}
end
def handle_cast({:add_defaults, kind, {name, arity}, defaults}, {d, _} = state) do
for i <- :lists.seq(arity - defaults, arity - 1) do
handle_add_definition(d, kind, {name, i})
handle_add_local(d, {name, i}, {name, i + 1})
end
{:noreply, state}
end
def handle_cast({:reattach, _kind, tuple, {in_neigh, out_neigh}}, {d, _} = state) do
for from <- in_neigh do
:digraph.add_vertex(d, from)
replace_edge!(d, from, tuple)
end
for to <- out_neigh do
:digraph.add_vertex(d, to)
replace_edge!(d, tuple, to)
end
{:noreply, state}
end
def handle_cast(:stop, state) do
{:stop, :normal, state}
end
def handle_cast(msg, state) do
{:stop, {:bad_cast, msg}, state}
end
@doc false
def terminate(_reason, _state) do
:ok
end
@doc false
def code_change(_old, state, _extra) do
{:ok, state}
end
defp handle_import(d, function, module, name, arity) do
:digraph.add_vertex(d, module)
tuple = {:import, name, arity}
:digraph.add_vertex(d, tuple)
replace_edge!(d, tuple, module)
if function != nil do
replace_edge!(d, function, tuple)
end
:ok
end
defp handle_add_local(d, from, to) do
:digraph.add_vertex(d, to)
replace_edge!(d, from, to)
end
defp handle_add_definition(d, public, tuple) when public in [:def, :defmacro] do
:digraph.add_vertex(d, tuple)
replace_edge!(d, :local, tuple)
end
defp handle_add_definition(d, private, tuple) when private in [:defp, :defmacrop] do
:digraph.add_vertex(d, tuple)
end
defp replace_edge!(d, from, to) do
_ = unless :lists.member(to, :digraph.out_neighbours(d, from)) do
[:"$e"|_] = :digraph.add_edge(d, from, to)
end
:ok
end
end
-259
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@@ -1,259 +0,0 @@
defmodule Node do
@moduledoc """
Functions related to VM nodes.
Some of the functions in this module are inlined by the compiler,
similar to functions in the `Kernel` module and they are explicitly
marked in their docs as "inlined by the compiler". For more information
about inlined functions, check out the `Kernel` module.
"""
@type t :: node
@doc """
Turns a non-distributed node into a distributed node.
This functionality starts the `:net_kernel` and other
related processes.
"""
@spec start(node, :longnames | :shortnames, non_neg_integer) ::
{:ok, pid} | {:error, term}
def start(name, type \\ :longnames, tick_time \\ 15000) do
:net_kernel.start([name, type, tick_time])
end
@doc """
Turns a distributed node into a non-distributed node.
For other nodes in the network, this is the same as the node going down.
Only possible when the node was started with `Node.start/3`, otherwise
returns `{:error, :not_allowed}`. Returns `{:error, :not_found}` if the
local node is not alive.
"""
@spec stop() :: :ok | {:error, :not_allowed | :not_found}
def stop() do
:net_kernel.stop()
end
@doc """
Returns the current node.
It returns the same as the built-in `node()`.
"""
@spec self :: t
def self do
:erlang.node()
end
@doc """
Returns `true` if the local node is alive.
That is, if the node can be part of a distributed system.
"""
@spec alive? :: boolean
def alive? do
:erlang.is_alive()
end
@doc """
Returns a list of all visible nodes in the system, excluding
the local node.
Same as `list(:visible)`.
"""
@spec list :: [t]
def list do
:erlang.nodes()
end
@doc """
Returns a list of nodes according to argument given.
The result returned when the argument is a list, is the list of nodes
satisfying the disjunction(s) of the list elements.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#nodes-1 for more info.
"""
@typep state :: :visible | :hidden | :connected | :this | :known
@spec list(state | [state]) :: [t]
def list(args) do
:erlang.nodes(args)
end
@doc """
Monitors the status of the node.
If `flag` is `true`, monitoring is turned on.
If `flag` is `false`, monitoring is turned off.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#monitor_node-2 for more info.
"""
@spec monitor(t, boolean) :: true
def monitor(node, flag) do
:erlang.monitor_node(node, flag)
end
@doc """
Behaves as `monitor/2` except that it allows an extra
option to be given, namely `:allow_passive_connect`.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#monitor_node-3 for more info.
"""
@spec monitor(t, boolean, [:allow_passive_connect]) :: true
def monitor(node, flag, options) do
:erlang.monitor_node(node, flag, options)
end
@doc """
Tries to set up a connection to node.
Returns `:pang` if it fails, or `:pong` if it is successful.
## Examples
iex> Node.ping(:unknown_node)
:pang
"""
@spec ping(t) :: :pong | :pang
def ping(node) do
:net_adm.ping(node)
end
@doc """
Forces the disconnection of a node.
This will appear to the `node` as if the local node has crashed.
This function is mainly used in the Erlang network authentication
protocols. Returns `true` if disconnection succeeds, otherwise `false`.
If the local node is not alive, the function returns `:ignored`.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#disconnect_node-1 for more info.
"""
@spec disconnect(t) :: boolean | :ignored
def disconnect(node) do
:erlang.disconnect_node(node)
end
@doc """
Establishes a connection to `node`.
Returns `true` if successful, `false` if not, and the atom
`:ignored` if the local node is not alive.
See http://erlang.org/doc/man/net_kernel.html#connect_node-1 for more info.
"""
@spec connect(t) :: boolean | :ignored
def connect(node) do
:net_kernel.connect_node(node)
end
@doc """
Returns the pid of a new process started by the application of `fun`
on `node`. If `node` does not exist, a useless pid is returned.
Check http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#spawn-2 for
the list of available options.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec spawn(t, (() -> any)) :: pid
def spawn(node, fun) do
:erlang.spawn(node, fun)
end
@doc """
Returns the pid of a new process started by the application of `fun`
on `node`.
If `node` does not exist, a useless pid is returned. Check
http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#spawn_opt-3 for the list of
available options.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec spawn(t, (() -> any), Process.spawn_opts) :: pid | {pid, reference}
def spawn(node, fun, opts) do
:erlang.spawn_opt(node, fun, opts)
end
@doc """
Returns the pid of a new process started by the application of
`module.function(args)` on `node`.
If `node` does not exist, a useless pid is returned. Check
http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#spawn-4 for the list of
available options.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec spawn(t, module, atom, [any]) :: pid
def spawn(node, module, fun, args) do
:erlang.spawn(node, module, fun, args)
end
@doc """
Returns the pid of a new process started by the application of
`module.function(args)` on `node`.
If `node` does not exist, a useless pid is returned. Check
http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#spawn_opt-5 for the list of
available options.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec spawn(t, module, atom, [any], Process.spawn_opts) :: pid | {pid, reference}
def spawn(node, module, fun, args, opts) do
:erlang.spawn_opt(node, module, fun, args, opts)
end
@doc """
Returns the pid of a new linked process started by the application of `fun` on `node`.
A link is created between the calling process and the new process, atomically.
If `node` does not exist, a useless pid is returned (and due to the link, an exit
signal with exit reason `:noconnection` will be received).
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec spawn_link(t, (() -> any)) :: pid
def spawn_link(node, fun) do
:erlang.spawn_link(node, fun)
end
@doc """
Returns the pid of a new linked process started by the application of
`module.function(args)` on `node`.
A link is created between the calling process and the new process, atomically.
If `node` does not exist, a useless pid is returned (and due to the link, an exit
signal with exit reason `:noconnection` will be received).
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec spawn_link(t, module, atom, [any]) :: pid
def spawn_link(node, module, fun, args) do
:erlang.spawn_link(node, module, fun, args)
end
@doc """
Sets the magic cookie of `node` to the atom `cookie`.
The default node is `Node.self`, the local node. If `node` is the local node,
the function also sets the cookie of all other unknown nodes to `cookie`.
This function will raise `FunctionClauseError` if the given `node` is not alive.
"""
def set_cookie(node \\ Node.self, cookie) when is_atom(cookie) do
:erlang.set_cookie(node, cookie)
end
@doc """
Returns the magic cookie of the local node.
Returns the cookie if the node is alive, otherwise `:nocookie`.
"""
def get_cookie() do
:erlang.get_cookie()
end
end
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@@ -1,486 +0,0 @@
defmodule OptionParser do
@moduledoc """
This module contains functions to parse command line arguments.
"""
@type argv :: [String.t]
@type parsed :: Keyword.t
@type errors :: [{String.t, String.t | nil}]
@type options :: [switches: Keyword.t, strict: Keyword.t, aliases: Keyword.t]
@doc """
Parses `argv` into a keywords list.
It returns the parsed values, remaining arguments and the
invalid options.
## Examples
iex> OptionParser.parse(["--debug"])
{[debug: true], [], []}
iex> OptionParser.parse(["--source", "lib"])
{[source: "lib"], [], []}
iex> OptionParser.parse(["--source-path", "lib", "test/enum_test.exs", "--verbose"])
{[source_path: "lib", verbose: true], ["test/enum_test.exs"], []}
By default, Elixir will try to automatically parse switches.
Switches without an argument, like `--debug` will automatically
be set to true. Switches followed by a value will be assigned
to the value, always as strings.
Note Elixir also converts the switches to underscore atoms, as
`--source-path` becomes `:source_path`, to better suit Elixir
conventions. This means that option names on the command line cannot contain
underscores; such options will be reported as `:undefined` (in strict mode)
or `:invalid` (in basic mode).
## Switches
Many times though, it is better to explicitly list the available
switches and their formats. The switches can be specified via two
different options:
* `:strict` - the switches are strict. Any switch that does not
exist in the switch list is treated as an error.
* `:switches` - defines some switches. Switches that does not
exist in the switch list are still attempted to be parsed.
Note only `:strict` or `:switches` may be given at once.
For each switch, the following types are supported:
* `:boolean` - marks the given switch as a boolean. Boolean switches
never consume the following value unless it is `true` or
`false`.
* `:integer` - parses the switch as an integer.
* `:float` - parses the switch as a float.
* `:string` - returns the switch as a string.
If a switch can't be parsed or is not specified in the strict case,
the option is returned in the invalid options list (third element
of the returned tuple).
The following extra "types" are supported:
* `:keep` - keeps duplicated items in the list instead of overriding
Examples:
iex> OptionParser.parse(["--unlock", "path/to/file"], strict: [unlock: :boolean])
{[unlock: true], ["path/to/file"], []}
iex> OptionParser.parse(["--unlock", "--limit", "0", "path/to/file"],
...> strict: [unlock: :boolean, limit: :integer])
{[unlock: true, limit: 0], ["path/to/file"], []}
iex> OptionParser.parse(["--limit", "3"], strict: [limit: :integer])
{[limit: 3], [], []}
iex> OptionParser.parse(["--limit", "xyz"], strict: [limit: :integer])
{[], [], [{"--limit", "xyz"}]}
iex> OptionParser.parse(["--unknown", "xyz"], strict: [])
{[], ["xyz"], [{"--unknown", nil}]}
iex> OptionParser.parse(["--limit", "3", "--unknown", "xyz"],
...> switches: [limit: :integer])
{[limit: 3, unknown: "xyz"], [], []}
## Negation switches
In case a switch is declared as boolean, it may be passed as `--no-SWITCH`
which will set the option to false:
iex> OptionParser.parse(["--no-op", "path/to/file"], switches: [op: :boolean])
{[op: false], ["path/to/file"], []}
## Aliases
A set of aliases can be given as options too:
iex> OptionParser.parse(["-d"], aliases: [d: :debug])
{[debug: true], [], []}
"""
@spec parse(argv, options) :: {parsed, argv, errors}
def parse(argv, opts \\ []) when is_list(argv) and is_list(opts) do
do_parse(argv, compile_config(opts), [], [], [], true)
end
@doc """
Similar to `parse/2` but only parses the head of `argv`;
as soon as it finds a non-switch, it stops parsing.
See `parse/2` for more information.
## Example
iex> OptionParser.parse_head(["--source", "lib", "test/enum_test.exs", "--verbose"])
{[source: "lib"], ["test/enum_test.exs", "--verbose"], []}
iex> OptionParser.parse_head(["--verbose", "--source", "lib", "test/enum_test.exs", "--unlock"])
{[verbose: true, source: "lib"], ["test/enum_test.exs", "--unlock"], []}
"""
@spec parse_head(argv, options) :: {parsed, argv, errors}
def parse_head(argv, opts \\ []) when is_list(argv) and is_list(opts) do
do_parse(argv, compile_config(opts), [], [], [], false)
end
defp do_parse([], _config, opts, args, invalid, _all?) do
{Enum.reverse(opts), Enum.reverse(args), Enum.reverse(invalid)}
end
defp do_parse(argv, {aliases, switches, strict}=config, opts, args, invalid, all?) do
case next(argv, aliases, switches, strict) do
{:ok, option, value, rest} ->
# the option exist and it was successfully parsed
kinds = List.wrap Keyword.get(switches, option)
new_opts = do_store_option(opts, option, value, kinds)
do_parse(rest, config, new_opts, args, invalid, all?)
{:invalid, option, value, rest} ->
# the option exist but it has wrong value
do_parse(rest, config, opts, args, [{option, value}|invalid], all?)
{:undefined, option, _value, rest} ->
# the option does not exist (for strict cases)
do_parse(rest, config, opts, args, [{option, nil}|invalid], all?)
{:error, ["--"|rest]} ->
{Enum.reverse(opts), Enum.reverse(args, rest), Enum.reverse(invalid)}
{:error, [arg|rest]=remaining_args} ->
# there is no option
if all? do
do_parse(rest, config, opts, [arg|args], invalid, all?)
else
{Enum.reverse(opts), Enum.reverse(args, remaining_args), Enum.reverse(invalid)}
end
end
end
@doc """
Low-level function that parses one option.
It accepts the same options as `parse/2` and `parse_head/2`
as both functions are built on top of next. This function
may return:
* `{:ok, key, value, rest}` - the option `key` with `value` was
successfully parsed
* `{:invalid, key, value, rest}` - the option `key` is invalid with `value`
(returned when the switch type does not match the one given via the
command line)
* `{:undefined, key, value, rest}` - the option `key` is undefined
(returned on strict cases and the switch is unknown)
* `{:error, rest}` - there are no switches at the top of the given argv
"""
@spec next(argv, options) ::
{:ok, key :: atom, value :: term, argv} |
{:invalid, String.t, String.t | nil, argv} |
{:undefined, String.t, String.t | nil, argv} |
{:error, argv}
def next(argv, opts \\ []) when is_list(argv) and is_list(opts) do
{aliases, switches, strict} = compile_config(opts)
next(argv, aliases, switches, strict)
end
defp next([], _aliases, _switches, _strict) do
{:error, []}
end
defp next(["--"|_]=argv, _aliases, _switches, _strict) do
{:error, argv}
end
defp next(["-"|_]=argv, _aliases, _switches, _strict) do
{:error, argv}
end
defp next(["- " <> _|_]=argv, _aliases, _switches, _strict) do
{:error, argv}
end
defp next(["-" <> option|rest], aliases, switches, strict) do
{option, value} = split_option(option)
opt_name_bin = "-" <> option
tagged = tag_option(option, switches, aliases)
if strict and not option_defined?(tagged, switches) do
{:undefined, opt_name_bin, value, rest}
else
{opt_name, kinds, value} = normalize_option(tagged, value, switches)
{value, kinds, rest} = normalize_value(value, kinds, rest, strict)
case validate_option(value, kinds) do
{:ok, new_value} -> {:ok, opt_name, new_value, rest}
:invalid -> {:invalid, opt_name_bin, value, rest}
end
end
end
defp next(argv, _aliases, _switches, _strict) do
{:error, argv}
end
@doc """
Receives a key-value enumerable and convert it to argv.
Keys must be atoms. Keys with nil value are discarded,
boolean values are converted to `--key` or `--no-key`
and all other values are converted using `to_string/1`.
## Examples
iex> OptionParser.to_argv([foo_bar: "baz"])
["--foo-bar", "baz"]
iex> OptionParser.to_argv([bool: true, bool: false, discarded: nil])
["--bool", "--no-bool"]
"""
@spec to_argv(Enumerable.t) :: argv
def to_argv(enum) do
Enum.flat_map(enum, fn
{_key, nil} -> []
{key, true} -> [to_switch(key)]
{key, false} -> [to_switch(key, "--no-")]
{key, value} -> [to_switch(key), to_string(value)]
end)
end
defp to_switch(key, prefix \\ "--") when is_atom(key) do
prefix <> String.replace(Atom.to_string(key), "_", "-")
end
@doc ~S"""
Splits a string into argv chunks.
## Examples
iex> OptionParser.split("foo bar")
["foo", "bar"]
iex> OptionParser.split("foo \"bar baz\"")
["foo", "bar baz"]
"""
@spec split(String.t) :: argv
def split(string) do
do_split(strip_leading_spaces(string), "", [], nil)
end
# If we have a escaped quote, simply remove the escape
defp do_split(<<?\\, quote, t :: binary>>, buffer, acc, quote),
do: do_split(t, <<buffer::binary, quote>>, acc, quote)
# If we have a quote and we were not in a quote, start one
defp do_split(<<quote, t :: binary>>, buffer, acc, nil) when quote in [?", ?'],
do: do_split(t, buffer, acc, quote)
# If we have a quote and we were inside it, close it
defp do_split(<<quote, t :: binary>>, buffer, acc, quote),
do: do_split(t, buffer, acc, nil)
# If we have a escaped quote/space, simply remove the escape as long as we are not inside a quote
defp do_split(<<?\\, h, t :: binary>>, buffer, acc, nil) when h in [?\s, ?', ?"],
do: do_split(t, <<buffer::binary, h>>, acc, nil)
# If we have space and we are outside of a quote, start new segment
defp do_split(<<?\s, t :: binary>>, buffer, acc, nil),
do: do_split(strip_leading_spaces(t), "", [buffer|acc], nil)
# All other characters are moved to buffer
defp do_split(<<h, t::binary>>, buffer, acc, quote) do
do_split(t, <<buffer::binary, h>>, acc, quote)
end
# Finish the string expecting a nil marker
defp do_split(<<>>, "", acc, nil),
do: Enum.reverse(acc)
defp do_split(<<>>, buffer, acc, nil),
do: Enum.reverse([buffer|acc])
# Otherwise raise
defp do_split(<<>>, _, _acc, marker) do
raise "argv string did not terminate properly, a #{<<marker>>} was opened but never closed"
end
defp strip_leading_spaces(" " <> t), do: strip_leading_spaces(t)
defp strip_leading_spaces(t), do: t
## Helpers
defp compile_config(opts) do
aliases = opts[:aliases] || []
{switches, strict} = cond do
s = opts[:switches] ->
{s, false}
s = opts[:strict] ->
{s, true}
true ->
{[], false}
end
{aliases, switches, strict}
end
defp validate_option(value, kinds) do
{is_invalid, value} = cond do
:invalid in kinds ->
{true, value}
:boolean in kinds ->
case value do
t when t in [true, "true"] -> {nil, true}
f when f in [false, "false"] -> {nil, false}
_ -> {true, value}
end
:integer in kinds ->
case Integer.parse(value) do
{value, ""} -> {nil, value}
_ -> {true, value}
end
:float in kinds ->
case Float.parse(value) do
{value, ""} -> {nil, value}
_ -> {true, value}
end
true ->
{nil, value}
end
if is_invalid do
:invalid
else
{:ok, value}
end
end
defp do_store_option(dict, option, value, kinds) do
cond do
:keep in kinds ->
[{option, value}|dict]
true ->
[{option, value}|Keyword.delete(dict, option)]
end
end
defp tag_option(<<?-, option :: binary>>, switches, _aliases) do
get_negated(option, switches)
end
defp tag_option(option, _switches, aliases) when is_binary(option) do
opt = get_option(option)
if alias = aliases[opt] do
{:default, alias}
else
:unknown
end
end
defp option_defined?(:unknown, _switches) do
false
end
defp option_defined?({:negated, option}, switches) do
Keyword.has_key?(switches, option)
end
defp option_defined?({:default, option}, switches) do
Keyword.has_key?(switches, option)
end
defp normalize_option(:unknown, value, _switches) do
{nil, [:invalid], value}
end
defp normalize_option({:negated, option}, value, switches) do
if value do
{option, [:invalid], value}
else
{option, List.wrap(switches[option]), false}
end
end
defp normalize_option({:default, option}, value, switches) do
{option, List.wrap(switches[option]), value}
end
defp normalize_value(nil, kinds, t, strict) do
nil_or_true = if strict, do: nil, else: true
cond do
:boolean in kinds ->
{true, kinds, t}
value_in_tail?(t) ->
[h|t] = t
{h, kinds, t}
kinds == [] ->
{nil_or_true, kinds, t}
true ->
{nil, [:invalid], t}
end
end
defp normalize_value(value, kinds, t, _) do
{value, kinds, t}
end
defp value_in_tail?(["-"|_]), do: true
defp value_in_tail?(["- " <> _|_]), do: true
defp value_in_tail?(["-" <> _|_]), do: false
defp value_in_tail?([]), do: false
defp value_in_tail?(_), do: true
defp split_option(option) do
case :binary.split(option, "=") do
[h] -> {h, nil}
[h, t] -> {h, t}
end
end
defp to_underscore(option), do: to_underscore(option, <<>>)
defp to_underscore("_" <> _rest, _acc), do: nil
defp to_underscore("-" <> rest, acc),
do: to_underscore(rest, acc <> "_")
defp to_underscore(<<c>> <> rest, acc),
do: to_underscore(rest, <<acc::binary, c>>)
defp to_underscore(<<>>, acc), do: acc
defp get_option(option) do
if str = to_underscore(option) do
String.to_atom(str)
end
end
defp get_negated("no-" <> rest = original, switches) do
cond do
(negated = get_option(rest)) && :boolean in List.wrap(switches[negated]) ->
{:negated, negated}
option = get_option(original) ->
{:default, option}
true ->
:unknown
end
end
defp get_negated(rest, _switches) do
if option = get_option(rest) do
{:default, option}
else
:unknown
end
end
end
-660
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@@ -1,660 +0,0 @@
defmodule Path do
@moduledoc """
This module provides conveniences for manipulating or
retrieving file system paths.
The functions in this module may receive a char data as
argument (i.e. a string or a list of characters / string)
and will always return a string (encoded in UTF-8).
The majority of the functions in this module do not
interact with the file system, except for a few functions
that require it (like `wildcard/1` and `expand/1`).
"""
alias :filename, as: FN
@type t :: :unicode.chardata()
@doc """
Converts the given path to an absolute one. Unlike
`expand/1`, no attempt is made to resolve `..`, `.` or `~`.
## Unix examples
Path.absname("foo")
#=> "/usr/local/foo"
Path.absname("../x")
#=> "/usr/local/../x"
## Windows
Path.absname("foo").
"D:/usr/local/foo"
Path.absname("../x").
"D:/usr/local/../x"
"""
@spec absname(t) :: binary
def absname(path) do
absname(path, System.cwd!)
end
@doc """
Builds a path from `relative_to` to `path`. If `path` is already
an absolute path, `relative_to` is ignored. See also `relative_to/2`.
Unlike `expand/2`, no attempt is made to
resolve `..`, `.` or `~`.
## Examples
iex> Path.absname("foo", "bar")
"bar/foo"
iex> Path.absname("../x", "bar")
"bar/../x"
"""
@spec absname(t, t) :: binary
def absname(path, relative_to) do
path = IO.chardata_to_string(path)
case type(path) do
:relative -> absname_join(relative_to, path)
:absolute -> absname_join([path])
:volumerelative ->
relative_to = IO.chardata_to_string(relative_to)
absname_vr(split(path), split(relative_to), relative_to)
end
end
# Absolute path on current drive
defp absname_vr(["/"|rest], [volume|_], _relative),
do: absname_join([volume|rest])
# Relative to current directory on current drive.
defp absname_vr([<<x, ?:>>|rest], [<<x, _ :: binary>>|_], relative),
do: absname(absname_join(rest), relative)
# Relative to current directory on another drive.
defp absname_vr([<<x, ?:>>|name], _, _relative) do
cwd =
case :file.get_cwd([x, ?:]) do
{:ok, dir} -> IO.chardata_to_string(dir)
{:error, _} -> <<x, ?:, ?/>>
end
absname(absname_join(name), cwd)
end
# Joins a list
defp absname_join([name1, name2|rest]), do:
absname_join([absname_join(name1, name2)|rest])
defp absname_join([name]), do:
do_absname_join(IO.chardata_to_string(name), <<>>, [], major_os_type())
# Joins two paths
defp absname_join(left, right),
do: do_absname_join(IO.chardata_to_string(left), relative(right), [], major_os_type())
defp do_absname_join(<<uc_letter, ?:, rest :: binary>>, relativename, [], :win32) when uc_letter in ?A..?Z, do:
do_absname_join(rest, relativename, [?:, uc_letter+?a-?A], :win32)
defp do_absname_join(<<?\\, rest :: binary>>, relativename, result, :win32), do:
do_absname_join(<<?/, rest :: binary>>, relativename, result, :win32)
defp do_absname_join(<<?/, rest :: binary>>, relativename, [?., ?/|result], os_type), do:
do_absname_join(rest, relativename, [?/|result], os_type)
defp do_absname_join(<<?/, rest :: binary>>, relativename, [?/|result], os_type), do:
do_absname_join(rest, relativename, [?/|result], os_type)
defp do_absname_join(<<>>, <<>>, result, os_type), do:
IO.iodata_to_binary(reverse_maybe_remove_dirsep(result, os_type))
defp do_absname_join(<<>>, relativename, [?:|rest], :win32), do:
do_absname_join(relativename, <<>>, [?:|rest], :win32)
defp do_absname_join(<<>>, relativename, [?/|result], os_type), do:
do_absname_join(relativename, <<>>, [?/|result], os_type)
defp do_absname_join(<<>>, relativename, result, os_type), do:
do_absname_join(relativename, <<>>, [?/|result], os_type)
defp do_absname_join(<<char, rest :: binary>>, relativename, result, os_type), do:
do_absname_join(rest, relativename, [char|result], os_type)
defp reverse_maybe_remove_dirsep([?/, ?:, letter], :win32), do:
[letter, ?:, ?/]
defp reverse_maybe_remove_dirsep([?/], _), do:
[?/]
defp reverse_maybe_remove_dirsep([?/|name], _), do:
:lists.reverse(name)
defp reverse_maybe_remove_dirsep(name, _), do:
:lists.reverse(name)
@doc """
Converts the path to an absolute one and expands
any `.` and `..` characters and a leading `~`.
## Examples
Path.expand("/foo/bar/../bar")
"/foo/bar"
"""
@spec expand(t) :: binary
def expand(path) do
expand_dot absname(expand_home(path), System.cwd!)
end
@doc """
Expands the path relative to the path given as the second argument
expanding any `.` and `..` characters. If the path is already an
absolute path, `relative_to` is ignored.
Note, that this function treats `path` with a leading `~` as
an absolute one.
The second argument is first expanded to an absolute path.
## Examples
# Assuming that the absolute path to baz is /quux/baz
Path.expand("foo/bar/../bar", "baz")
#=> "/quux/baz/foo/bar"
Path.expand("foo/bar/../bar", "/baz")
"/baz/foo/bar"
Path.expand("/foo/bar/../bar", "/baz")
"/foo/bar"
"""
@spec expand(t, t) :: binary
def expand(path, relative_to) do
expand_dot absname(absname(expand_home(path), expand_home(relative_to)), System.cwd!)
end
@doc """
Returns the path type.
## Unix examples
Path.type("/") #=> :absolute
Path.type("/usr/local/bin") #=> :absolute
Path.type("usr/local/bin") #=> :relative
Path.type("../usr/local/bin") #=> :relative
Path.type("~/file") #=> :relative
## Windows examples
Path.type("D:/usr/local/bin") #=> :absolute
Path.type("usr/local/bin") #=> :relative
Path.type("D:bar.ex") #=> :volumerelative
Path.type("/bar/foo.ex") #=> :volumerelative
"""
@spec type(t) :: :absolute | :relative | :volumerelative
def type(name) when is_list(name) or is_binary(name) do
pathtype(name, major_os_type) |> elem(0)
end
@doc """
Forces the path to be a relative path.
## Unix examples
Path.relative("/usr/local/bin") #=> "usr/local/bin"
Path.relative("usr/local/bin") #=> "usr/local/bin"
Path.relative("../usr/local/bin") #=> "../usr/local/bin"
## Windows examples
Path.relative("D:/usr/local/bin") #=> "usr/local/bin"
Path.relative("usr/local/bin") #=> "usr/local/bin"
Path.relative("D:bar.ex") #=> "bar.ex"
Path.relative("/bar/foo.ex") #=> "bar/foo.ex"
"""
@spec relative(t) :: binary
def relative(name) do
relative(name, major_os_type())
end
defp relative(name, os_type) do
pathtype(name, os_type)
|> elem(1)
|> IO.chardata_to_string
end
defp pathtype(name, os_type) do
case os_type do
:win32 -> win32_pathtype(name)
_ -> unix_pathtype(name)
end
end
defp unix_pathtype(<<?/, relative :: binary>>), do:
{:absolute, relative}
defp unix_pathtype([?/|relative]), do:
{:absolute, relative}
defp unix_pathtype([list|rest]) when is_list(list), do:
unix_pathtype(list ++ rest)
defp unix_pathtype(relative), do:
{:relative, relative}
@slash [?/, ?\\]
defp win32_pathtype([list|rest]) when is_list(list), do:
win32_pathtype(list++rest)
defp win32_pathtype([char, list|rest]) when is_list(list), do:
win32_pathtype([char|list++rest])
defp win32_pathtype(<<c1, c2, relative :: binary>>) when c1 in @slash and c2 in @slash, do:
{:absolute, relative}
defp win32_pathtype(<<c, relative :: binary>>) when c in @slash, do:
{:volumerelative, relative}
defp win32_pathtype(<<_letter, ?:, c, relative :: binary>>) when c in @slash, do:
{:absolute, relative}
defp win32_pathtype(<<_letter, ?:, relative :: binary>>), do:
{:volumerelative, relative}
defp win32_pathtype([c1, c2 | relative]) when c1 in @slash and c2 in @slash, do:
{:absolute, relative}
defp win32_pathtype([c | relative]) when c in @slash, do:
{:volumerelative, relative}
defp win32_pathtype([c1, c2, list|rest]) when is_list(list), do:
win32_pathtype([c1, c2|list++rest])
defp win32_pathtype([_letter, ?:, c | relative]) when c in @slash, do:
{:absolute, relative}
defp win32_pathtype([_letter, ?: | relative]), do:
{:volumerelative, relative}
defp win32_pathtype(relative), do:
{:relative, relative}
@doc """
Returns the given `path` relative to the given `from` path.
In other words, it tries to strip the `from` prefix from `path`.
This function does not query the file system, so it assumes
no symlinks in between the paths.
In case a direct relative path cannot be found, it returns
the original path.
## Examples
iex> Path.relative_to("/usr/local/foo", "/usr/local")
"foo"
iex> Path.relative_to("/usr/local/foo", "/")
"usr/local/foo"
iex> Path.relative_to("/usr/local/foo", "/etc")
"/usr/local/foo"
"""
@spec relative_to(t, t) :: binary
def relative_to(path, from) do
path = IO.chardata_to_string(path)
relative_to(split(path), split(from), path)
end
defp relative_to([h|t1], [h|t2], original) do
relative_to(t1, t2, original)
end
defp relative_to([_|_] = l1, [], _original) do
join(l1)
end
defp relative_to(_, _, original) do
original
end
@doc """
Convenience to get the path relative to the current working
directory. If, for some reason, the current working directory
cannot be retrieved, returns the full path.
"""
@spec relative_to_cwd(t) :: binary
def relative_to_cwd(path) do
case :file.get_cwd do
{:ok, base} -> relative_to(path, IO.chardata_to_string(base))
_ -> path
end
end
@doc """
Returns the last component of the path or the path
itself if it does not contain any directory separators.
## Examples
iex> Path.basename("foo")
"foo"
iex> Path.basename("foo/bar")
"bar"
iex> Path.basename("/")
""
"""
@spec basename(t) :: binary
def basename(path) do
FN.basename(IO.chardata_to_string(path))
end
@doc """
Returns the last component of `path` with the `extension`
stripped. This function should be used to remove a specific
extension which may, or may not, be there.
## Examples
iex> Path.basename("~/foo/bar.ex", ".ex")
"bar"
iex> Path.basename("~/foo/bar.exs", ".ex")
"bar.exs"
iex> Path.basename("~/foo/bar.old.ex", ".ex")
"bar.old"
"""
@spec basename(t, t) :: binary
def basename(path, extension) do
FN.basename(IO.chardata_to_string(path), IO.chardata_to_string(extension))
end
@doc """
Returns the directory component of `path`.
## Examples
Path.dirname("/foo/bar.ex")
#=> "/foo"
Path.dirname("/foo/bar/baz.ex")
#=> "/foo/bar"
"""
@spec dirname(t) :: binary
def dirname(path) do
FN.dirname(IO.chardata_to_string(path))
end
@doc """
Returns the extension of the last component of `path`.
## Examples
iex> Path.extname("foo.erl")
".erl"
iex> Path.extname("~/foo/bar")
""
"""
@spec extname(t) :: binary
def extname(path) do
FN.extension(IO.chardata_to_string(path))
end
@doc """
Returns the `path` with the `extension` stripped.
## Examples
iex> Path.rootname("/foo/bar")
"/foo/bar"
iex> Path.rootname("/foo/bar.ex")
"/foo/bar"
"""
@spec rootname(t) :: binary
def rootname(path) do
FN.rootname(IO.chardata_to_string(path))
end
@doc """
Returns the `path` with the `extension` stripped. This function should be used to
remove a specific extension which might, or might not, be there.
## Examples
iex> Path.rootname("/foo/bar.erl", ".erl")
"/foo/bar"
iex> Path.rootname("/foo/bar.erl", ".ex")
"/foo/bar.erl"
"""
@spec rootname(t, t) :: binary
def rootname(path, extension) do
FN.rootname(IO.chardata_to_string(path), IO.chardata_to_string(extension))
end
@doc """
Joins a list of strings.
This function should be used to convert a list of strings to a path.
Note that any trailing slash is removed on join.
## Examples
iex> Path.join(["~", "foo"])
"~/foo"
iex> Path.join(["foo"])
"foo"
iex> Path.join(["/", "foo", "bar/"])
"/foo/bar"
"""
@spec join([t]) :: binary
def join([name1, name2|rest]), do:
join([join(name1, name2)|rest])
def join([name]), do:
name
@doc """
Joins two paths.
The right path will always be expanded to its relative format
and any trailing slash is removed on join.
## Examples
iex> Path.join("foo", "bar")
"foo/bar"
"""
@spec join(t, t) :: binary
def join(left, right) do
left = IO.chardata_to_string(left)
os_type = major_os_type()
do_join(left, right, os_type) |> remove_dirsep(os_type)
end
defp do_join("", right, os_type), do: relative(right, os_type)
defp do_join(left, "", _os_type), do: left
defp do_join(left, right, os_type), do: remove_dirsep(left, os_type) <> "/" <> relative(right, os_type)
defp remove_dirsep("", _os_type), do: ""
defp remove_dirsep(bin, os_type) do
last = :binary.last(bin)
if last == ?/ or (last == ?\\ and os_type == :win32) do
binary_part(bin, 0, byte_size(bin) - 1)
else
bin
end
end
@doc ~S"""
Splits the path into a list at the path separator.
If an empty string is given, returns an empty list.
On Windows, path is split on both "\" and "/" separators
and the driver letter, if there is one, is always returned
in lowercase.
## Examples
iex> Path.split("")
[]
iex> Path.split("foo")
["foo"]
iex> Path.split("/foo/bar")
["/", "foo", "bar"]
"""
@spec split(t) :: [binary]
# Work around a bug in Erlang on UNIX
def split(""), do: []
def split(path) do
FN.split(IO.chardata_to_string(path))
end
defmodule Wildcard do
@moduledoc false
def read_link_info(file) do
call({:read_link_info, file})
end
# For compatibility with buggy Erlang 17.1.
def read_file_info(file) do
call({:read_link_info, file})
end
def list_dir(dir) do
case call({:list_dir, dir}) do
{:ok, files} ->
{:ok, for(file <- files, hd(file) != ?., do: file)}
other ->
other
end
end
@compile {:inline, call: 1}
defp call(tuple) do
x = :erlang.dt_spread_tag(true)
y = :gen_server.call(:file_server_2, tuple)
:erlang.dt_restore_tag(x)
y
end
end
@doc """
Traverses paths according to the given `glob` expression.
The wildcard looks like an ordinary path, except that certain
"wildcard characters" are interpreted in a special way. The
following characters are special:
* `?` - matches one character
* `*` - matches any number of characters up to the end of the filename, the
next dot, or the next slash
* `**` - two adjacent `*`'s used as a single pattern will match all
files and zero or more directories and subdirectories
* `[char1,char2,...]` - matches any of the characters listed; two
characters separated by a hyphen will match a range of characters
* `{item1,item2,...}` - matches one of the alternatives
Other characters represent themselves. Only paths that have
exactly the same character in the same position will match. Note
that matching is case-sensitive; i.e. "a" will not match "A".
By default, the patterns `*` and `?` do not match files starting
with a dot `.` unless `match_dot: true` is given.
## Examples
Imagine you have a directory called `projects` with three Elixir projects
inside of it: `elixir`, `ex_doc` and `dynamo`. You can find all `.beam` files
inside the `ebin` directory of each project as follows:
Path.wildcard("projects/*/ebin/**/*.beam")
If you want to search for both `.beam` and `.app` files, you could do:
Path.wildcard("projects/*/ebin/**/*.{beam,app}")
"""
@spec wildcard(t) :: [binary]
def wildcard(glob, opts \\ []) do
mod = if Keyword.get(opts, :match_dot), do: :file, else: Path.Wildcard
glob
|> chardata_to_list()
|> :filelib.wildcard(mod)
|> Enum.map(&IO.chardata_to_string/1)
end
# expand_dot the given path by expanding "..", "." and "~".
defp chardata_to_list(chardata) do
case :unicode.characters_to_list(chardata) do
result when is_list(result) ->
result
{:error, encoded, rest} ->
raise UnicodeConversionError, encoded: encoded, rest: rest, kind: :invalid
{:incomplete, encoded, rest} ->
raise UnicodeConversionError, encoded: encoded, rest: rest, kind: :incomplete
end
end
defp expand_home(type) do
case IO.chardata_to_string(type) do
"~" <> rest -> resolve_home(rest)
rest -> rest
end
end
defp resolve_home(""), do: System.user_home!
defp resolve_home(rest) do
case {rest, major_os_type} do
{"\\" <> _, :win32} ->
System.user_home! <> rest
{"/" <> _, _} ->
System.user_home! <> rest
_ -> rest
end
end
defp expand_dot(<<"/../", rest::binary>>),
do: expand_dot("/" <> rest)
defp expand_dot(<<letter, ":/../", rest::binary>>) when letter in ?a..?z,
do: expand_dot(<<letter, ":/", rest::binary>>)
defp expand_dot("/.."),
do: "/"
defp expand_dot(<<letter, ":/..">>) when letter in ?a..?z,
do: expand_dot(<<letter, ":/">>)
defp expand_dot(path),
do: expand_dot(:binary.split(path, "/", [:global]), [])
defp expand_dot([".."|t], [_, _|acc]) do
expand_dot t, acc
end
defp expand_dot(["."|t], acc) do
expand_dot t, acc
end
defp expand_dot([h|t], acc) do
expand_dot t, ["/", h|acc]
end
defp expand_dot([], ["/"|acc]) do
IO.iodata_to_binary(:lists.reverse(acc))
end
defp major_os_type do
:os.type |> elem(0)
end
end
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@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
defmodule Port do
@moduledoc """
Functions related to Erlang ports.
"""
@doc """
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#open_port-2.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
def open(name, settings) do
:erlang.open_port(name, settings)
end
@doc """
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#port_close-1.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
def close(port) do
:erlang.port_close(port)
end
@doc """
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#port_command-2.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
def command(port, data, options \\ []) do
:erlang.port_command(port, data, options)
end
@doc """
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#port_connect-2.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
def connect(port, pid) do
:erlang.port_connect(port, pid)
end
@doc """
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#port_control-3.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
def control(port, operation, data) do
:erlang.port_control(port, operation, data)
end
@doc """
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#port_call-3.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
def call(port, operation, data) do
:erlang.port_call(port, operation, data)
end
@doc """
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#port_info-1.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
def info(port) do
:erlang.port_info(port)
end
@doc """
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#port_info-2.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
def info(port, item) do
:erlang.port_info(port, item)
end
@doc """
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#ports-0.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
def list do
:erlang.ports
end
end
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@@ -1,389 +0,0 @@
defmodule Process do
@moduledoc """
Conveniences for working with processes and the process dictionary.
Besides the functions available in this module, the `Kernel` module
exposes and auto-imports some basic functionality related to processes
available through the functions:
* `Kernel.spawn/1` and `Kernel.spawn/3`
* `Kernel.spawn_link/1` and `Kernel.spawn_link/3`
* `Kernel.spawn_monitor/1` and `Kernel.spawn_monitor/3`
* `Kernel.self/0`
* `Kernel.send/2`
"""
@doc """
Returns true if the process exists and is alive, that is,
is not exiting and has not exited. Otherwise, returns false.
`pid` must refer to a process at the local node.
"""
@spec alive?(pid) :: boolean
def alive?(pid) do
:erlang.is_process_alive(pid)
end
@doc """
Returns all key-values in the dictionary.
"""
@spec get :: [{term, term}]
def get do
:erlang.get()
end
@doc """
Returns the value for the given `key`.
"""
@spec get(term) :: term
@spec get(term, default :: term) :: term
def get(key, default \\ nil) do
case :erlang.get(key) do
:undefined ->
default
value ->
value
end
end
@doc """
Returns all keys that have the given `value`.
"""
@spec get_keys(term) :: [term]
def get_keys(value) do
:erlang.get_keys(value)
end
@doc """
Stores the given key-value in the process dictionary.
"""
@spec put(term, term) :: term | nil
def put(key, value) do
nillify :erlang.put(key, value)
end
@doc """
Deletes the given `key` from the dictionary.
"""
@spec delete(term) :: term | nil
def delete(key) do
nillify :erlang.erase(key)
end
@doc """
Sends an exit signal with the given reason to the pid.
The following behaviour applies if reason is any term except `:normal` or `:kill`:
1. If pid is not trapping exits, pid will exit with the given reason.
2. If pid is trapping exits, the exit signal is transformed into a message
`{:EXIT, from, reason}` and delivered to the message queue of pid.
3. If reason is the atom `:normal`, pid will not exit. If it is trapping
exits, the exit signal is transformed into a message `{:EXIT, from,
:normal}` and delivered to its message queue.
4. If reason is the atom `:kill`, that is if `exit(pid, :kill)` is called,
an untrappable exit signal is sent to pid which will unconditionally
exit with exit reason `:killed`.
Inlined by the compiler.
## Examples
Process.exit(pid, :kill)
"""
@spec exit(pid, term) :: true
def exit(pid, reason) do
:erlang.exit(pid, reason)
end
@doc """
Sends a message to the given process.
If the option `:noconnect` is used and sending the message would require an
auto-connection to another node the message is not sent and `:noconnect` is
returned.
If the option `:nosuspend` is used and sending the message would cause the
sender to be suspended the message is not sent and `:nosuspend` is returned.
Otherwise the message is sent and `:ok` is returned.
## Examples
iex> Process.send({:name, :node_does_not_exist}, :hi, [:noconnect])
:noconnect
"""
@spec send(dest, msg, [option]) :: result when
dest: pid | port | atom | {atom, node},
msg: any,
option: :noconnect | :nosuspend,
result: :ok | :noconnect | :nosuspend
def send(dest, msg, options) do
:erlang.send(dest, msg, options)
end
@doc """
Sends `msg` to `dest` after `time` milliseconds.
If `dest` is a pid, it must be the pid of a local process, dead or alive.
If `dest` is an atom, it must be the name of a registered process
which is looked up at the time of delivery. No error is given if the name does
not refer to a process.
This function returns a timer reference, which can be read or canceled with
`:erlang.read_timer/1`, `:erlang.start_timer/3` and `:erlang.cancel_timer/1`.
Note `time` cannot be greater than `4294967295`.
Finally, the timer will be automatically canceled if the given `dest` is a pid
which is not alive or when the given pid exits. Note that timers will not be
automatically canceled when `dest` is an atom (as the atom resolution is done
on delivery).
"""
@spec send_after(pid | atom, term, non_neg_integer) :: reference
def send_after(dest, msg, time) do
:erlang.send_after(time, dest, msg)
end
@type spawn_opt :: :link | :monitor | {:priority, :low | :normal | :high} |
{:fullsweep_after, non_neg_integer} |
{:min_heap_size, non_neg_integer} |
{:min_bin_vheap_size, non_neg_integer}
@type spawn_opts :: [spawn_opt]
@doc """
Spawns the given module and function passing the given args
according to the given options.
The result depends on the given options. In particular,
if `:monitor` is given as an option, it will return a tuple
containing the pid and the monitoring reference, otherwise
just the spawned process pid.
It also accepts extra options, for the list of available options
check http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#spawn_opt-4
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec spawn((() -> any), spawn_opts) :: pid | {pid, reference}
def spawn(fun, opts) do
:erlang.spawn_opt(fun, opts)
end
@doc """
Spawns the given module and function passing the given args
according to the given options.
The result depends on the given options. In particular,
if `:monitor` is given as an option, it will return a tuple
containing the pid and the monitoring reference, otherwise
just the spawned process pid.
It also accepts extra options, for the list of available options
check http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#spawn_opt-4
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec spawn(module, atom, list, spawn_opts) :: pid | {pid, reference}
def spawn(mod, fun, args, opts) do
:erlang.spawn_opt(mod, fun, args, opts)
end
@doc """
The calling process starts monitoring the item given.
It returns the monitor reference.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#monitor-2 for more info.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec monitor(pid | {reg_name :: atom, node :: atom} | reg_name :: atom) :: reference
def monitor(item) do
:erlang.monitor(:process, item)
end
@doc """
If `monitor_ref` is a reference which the calling process
obtained by calling `monitor/1`, this monitoring is turned off.
If the monitoring is already turned off, nothing happens.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#demonitor-2 for more info.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec demonitor(reference) :: true
@spec demonitor(reference, options :: [:flush | :info]) :: boolean
def demonitor(monitor_ref, options \\ []) do
:erlang.demonitor(monitor_ref, options)
end
@doc """
Returns a list of process identifiers corresponding to all the
processes currently existing on the local node.
Note that a process that is exiting, exists but is not alive, i.e.,
`alive?/1` will return `false` for a process that is exiting,
but its process identifier will be part of the result returned.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#processes-0 for more info.
"""
@spec list :: [pid]
def list do
:erlang.processes()
end
@doc """
Creates a link between the calling process and another process
(or port) `pid`, if there is not such a link already.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#link-1 for more info.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec link(pid | port) :: true
def link(pid) do
:erlang.link(pid)
end
@doc """
Removes the link, if there is one, between the calling process and
the process or port referred to by `pid`. Returns `true` and does not
fail, even if there is no link or `id` does not exist
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#unlink-1 for more info.
Inlined by the compiler.
"""
@spec unlink(pid | port) :: true
def unlink(pid) do
:erlang.unlink(pid)
end
@doc """
Associates the name with a pid or a port identifier. `name`, which must
be an atom, can be used instead of the pid / port identifier with the
`Kernel.send/2` function.
`Process.register/2` will fail with `ArgumentError` if the pid supplied
is no longer alive, (check with `alive?/1`) or if the name is
already registered (check with `whereis/1`).
"""
@spec register(pid | port, atom) :: true
def register(pid, name) when not name in [nil, false, true] do
:erlang.register(name, pid)
end
@doc """
Removes the registered name, associated with a pid or a port identifier.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#unregister-1 for more info.
"""
@spec unregister(atom) :: true
def unregister(name) do
:erlang.unregister(name)
end
@doc """
Returns the pid or port identifier with the registered name.
Returns `nil` if the name is not registered.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#whereis-1 for more info.
"""
@spec whereis(atom) :: pid | port | nil
def whereis(name) do
nillify :erlang.whereis(name)
end
@doc """
Returns the pid of the group leader for the process which evaluates the function.
"""
@spec group_leader :: pid
def group_leader do
:erlang.group_leader
end
@doc """
Sets the group leader of `pid` to `leader`. Typically, this is used when a processes
started from a certain shell should have a group leader other than `:init`.
"""
@spec group_leader(pid, leader :: pid) :: true
def group_leader(pid, leader) do
:erlang.group_leader(leader, pid)
end
@doc """
Returns a list of names which have been registered using `register/2`.
"""
@spec registered :: [atom]
def registered do
:erlang.registered()
end
@typep process_flag :: :trap_exit | :error_handler | :min_heap_size |
:min_bin_vheap_size | :priority | :save_calls |
:sensitive
@doc """
Sets certain flags for the process which calls this function.
Returns the old value of the flag.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#process_flag-2 for more info.
"""
@spec flag(process_flag, term) :: term
def flag(flag, value) do
:erlang.process_flag(flag, value)
end
@doc """
Sets certain flags for the process `pid`, in the same manner as `flag/2`.
Returns the old value of the flag. The allowed values for `flag` are
only a subset of those allowed in `flag/2`, namely: `save_calls`.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#process_flag-3 for more info.
"""
@spec flag(pid, :save_calls, non_neg_integer) :: non_neg_integer
def flag(pid, flag, value) do
:erlang.process_flag(pid, flag, value)
end
@doc """
Returns information about the process identified by `pid` or `nil` if the process
is not alive.
Use this only for debugging information.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#process_info-1 for more info.
"""
@spec info(pid) :: Keyword.t
def info(pid) do
nillify :erlang.process_info(pid)
end
@doc """
Returns information about the process identified by `pid`
or `nil` if the process is not alive.
See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#process_info-2 for more info.
"""
@spec info(pid, atom) :: {atom, term} | nil
def info(pid, spec)
def info(pid, :registered_name) do
case :erlang.process_info(pid, :registered_name) do
:undefined -> nil
[] -> {:registered_name, []}
other -> other
end
end
def info(pid, spec) when is_atom(spec) do
nillify :erlang.process_info(pid, spec)
end
@compile {:inline, nillify: 1}
defp nillify(:undefined), do: nil
defp nillify(other), do: other
end
-639
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@@ -1,639 +0,0 @@
defmodule Protocol do
@moduledoc """
Functions for working with protocols.
"""
@doc """
Defines a new protocol function.
Protocols do not allow functions to be defined directly, instead, the
regular `Kernel.def/*` macros are replaced by this macro which
defines the protocol functions with the appropriate callbacks.
"""
defmacro def(signature)
defmacro def({_, _, args}) when args == [] or is_atom(args) do
raise ArgumentError, "protocol functions expect at least one argument"
end
defmacro def({name, _, args}) when is_atom(name) and is_list(args) do
arity = length(args)
type_args = for _ <- :lists.seq(2, arity), do: quote(do: term)
type_args = [quote(do: t) | type_args]
call_args = for i <- :lists.seq(2, arity),
do: {String.to_atom(<<?x, i + 64>>), [], __MODULE__}
call_args = [quote(do: t) | call_args]
quote do
name = unquote(name)
arity = unquote(arity)
@functions [{name, arity}|@functions]
# Generate a fake definition with the user
# signature that will be used by docs
Kernel.def unquote(name)(unquote_splicing(args))
# Generate the actual implementation
Kernel.def unquote(name)(unquote_splicing(call_args)) do
impl_for!(t).unquote(name)(unquote_splicing(call_args))
end
# Convert the spec to callback if possible,
# otherwise generate a dummy callback
Protocol.__spec__?(__MODULE__, name, arity) ||
@callback unquote(name)(unquote_splicing(type_args)) :: term
end
end
defmacro def(_) do
raise ArgumentError, "invalid args for def inside defprotocol"
end
@doc """
Checks if the given module is loaded and is protocol.
Returns `:ok` if so, otherwise raises ArgumentError.
"""
@spec assert_protocol!(module) :: :ok | no_return
def assert_protocol!(module) do
assert_protocol!(module, "")
end
defp assert_protocol!(module, extra) do
case Code.ensure_compiled(module) do
{:module, ^module} -> :ok
_ -> raise ArgumentError, "#{inspect module} is not available" <> extra
end
try do
module.__protocol__(:name)
rescue
UndefinedFunctionError ->
raise ArgumentError, "#{inspect module} is not a protocol" <> extra
end
:ok
end
@doc """
Checks if the given module is loaded and is an implementation
of the given protocol.
Returns `:ok` if so, otherwise raises ArgumentError.
"""
@spec assert_impl!(module, module) :: :ok | no_return
def assert_impl!(protocol, base) do
assert_impl!(protocol, base, "")
end
defp assert_impl!(protocol, base, extra) do
impl = Module.concat(protocol, base)
case Code.ensure_compiled(impl) do
{:module, ^impl} -> :ok
_ -> raise ArgumentError,
"#{inspect impl} is not available" <> extra
end
try do
impl.__impl__(:protocol)
rescue
UndefinedFunctionError ->
raise ArgumentError,
"#{inspect impl} is not an implementation of a protocol" <> extra
else
^protocol ->
:ok
other ->
raise ArgumentError,
"expected #{inspect impl} to be an implementation of #{inspect protocol}, got: #{inspect other}" <> extra
end
end
@doc """
Derive the `protocol` for `module` with the given options.
"""
defmacro derive(protocol, module, options \\ []) do
quote do
module = unquote(module)
Protocol.__derive__([{unquote(protocol), unquote(options)}], module, __ENV__)
end
end
## Consolidation
@doc """
Extract all protocols from the given paths.
The paths can be either a char list or a string. Internally
they are worked on as char lists, so passing them as lists
avoid extra conversion.
Does not load any of the protocols.
## Examples
# Get Elixir's ebin and retrieve all protocols
iex> path = :code.lib_dir(:elixir, :ebin)
iex> mods = Protocol.extract_protocols([path])
iex> Enumerable in mods
true
"""
@spec extract_protocols([char_list | String.t]) :: [atom]
def extract_protocols(paths) do
extract_matching_by_attribute paths, 'Elixir.',
fn module, attributes ->
case attributes[:protocol] do
[fallback_to_any: _, consolidated: _] -> module
_ -> nil
end
end
end
@doc """
Extract all types implemented for the given protocol from
the given paths.
The paths can be either a char list or a string. Internally
they are worked on as char lists, so passing them as lists
avoid extra conversion.
Does not load any of the implementations.
## Examples
# Get Elixir's ebin and retrieve all protocols
iex> path = :code.lib_dir(:elixir, :ebin)
iex> mods = Protocol.extract_impls(Enumerable, [path])
iex> List in mods
true
"""
@spec extract_impls(module, [char_list | String.t]) :: [atom]
def extract_impls(protocol, paths) when is_atom(protocol) do
prefix = Atom.to_char_list(protocol) ++ '.'
extract_matching_by_attribute paths, prefix, fn
_mod, attributes ->
case attributes[:impl] do
[protocol: ^protocol, for: for] -> for
_ -> nil
end
end
end
defp extract_matching_by_attribute(paths, prefix, callback) do
for path <- paths,
file <- list_dir(path),
mod = extract_from_file(path, file, prefix, callback),
do: mod
end
defp list_dir(path) when is_list(path) do
case :file.list_dir(path) do
{:ok, files} -> files
_ -> []
end
end
defp list_dir(path), do: list_dir(to_char_list(path))
defp extract_from_file(path, file, prefix, callback) do
if :lists.prefix(prefix, file) and :filename.extension(file) == '.beam' do
extract_from_beam(:filename.join(path, file), callback)
end
end
defp extract_from_beam(file, callback) do
case :beam_lib.chunks(file, [:attributes]) do
{:ok, {module, [attributes: attributes]}} ->
callback.(module, attributes)
_ ->
nil
end
end
defmacrop if_ok(expr, call) do
quote do
case unquote(expr) do
{:ok, var} -> unquote(Macro.pipe(quote(do: var), call, 0))
other -> other
end
end
end
@doc """
Returns true if the protocol was consolidated.
"""
@spec consolidated?(module) :: boolean
def consolidated?(protocol) do
protocol.__info__(:attributes)[:protocol][:consolidated]
end
@doc """
Receives a protocol and a list of implementations and
consolidates the given protocol.
Consolidation happens by changing the protocol `impl_for`
in the abstract format to have fast lookup rules. Usually
the list of implementations to use during consolidation
are retrieved with the help of `extract_impls/2`.
It returns the updated version of the protocol bytecode.
A given bytecode or protocol implementation can be checked
to be consolidated or not by analyzing the protocol
attribute:
Protocol.consolidated?(Enumerable)
If the first element of the tuple is true, it means
the protocol was consolidated.
This function does not load the protocol at any point
nor loads the new bytecode for the compiled module.
However each implementation must be available and
it will be loaded.
"""
@spec consolidate(module, [module]) ::
{:ok, binary} |
{:error, :not_a_protocol} |
{:error, :no_beam_info}
def consolidate(protocol, types) when is_atom(protocol) do
beam_protocol(protocol)
|> if_ok(change_debug_info types)
|> if_ok(compile)
end
@docs_chunk 'ExDc'
defp beam_protocol(protocol) do
chunk_ids = [:abstract_code, :attributes, @docs_chunk]
opts = [:allow_missing_chunks]
case :beam_lib.chunks(beam_file(protocol), chunk_ids, opts) do
{:ok, {^protocol, [{:abstract_code, {_raw, abstract_code}},
{:attributes, attributes},
{@docs_chunk, docs}]}} ->
case attributes[:protocol] do
[fallback_to_any: any, consolidated: _] ->
{:ok, {protocol, any, abstract_code, docs}}
_ ->
{:error, :not_a_protocol}
end
_ ->
{:error, :no_beam_info}
end
end
defp beam_file(module) when is_atom(module) do
case :code.which(module) do
atom when is_atom(atom) -> module
file -> file
end
end
# Change the debug information to the optimized
# impl_for/1 dispatch version.
defp change_debug_info({protocol, any, code, docs}, types) do
types = if any, do: types, else: List.delete(types, Any)
all = [Any] ++ for {_guard, mod} <- builtin, do: mod
structs = types -- all
case change_impl_for(code, protocol, types, structs, false, []) do
{:ok, ret} -> {:ok, {ret, docs}}
other -> other
end
end
defp change_impl_for([{:attribute, line, :protocol, opts}|t], protocol, types, structs, _, acc) do
opts = [fallback_to_any: opts[:fallback_to_any], consolidated: true]
change_impl_for(t, protocol, types, structs, true,
[{:attribute, line, :protocol, opts}|acc])
end
defp change_impl_for([{:function, line, :impl_for, 1, _}|t], protocol, types, structs, is_protocol, acc) do
fallback = if Any in types, do: load_impl(protocol, Any), else: nil
clauses = for {guard, mod} <- builtin,
mod in types,
do: builtin_clause_for(mod, guard, protocol, line)
clauses = [struct_clause_for(line)|clauses] ++
[fallback_clause_for(fallback, protocol, line)]
change_impl_for(t, protocol, types, structs, is_protocol,
[{:function, line, :impl_for, 1, clauses}|acc])
end
defp change_impl_for([{:function, line, :struct_impl_for, 1, _}|t], protocol, types, structs, is_protocol, acc) do
fallback = if Any in types, do: load_impl(protocol, Any), else: nil
clauses = for struct <- structs, do: each_struct_clause_for(struct, protocol, line)
clauses = clauses ++ [fallback_clause_for(fallback, protocol, line)]
change_impl_for(t, protocol, types, structs, is_protocol,
[{:function, line, :struct_impl_for, 1, clauses}|acc])
end
defp change_impl_for([h|t], protocol, info, types, is_protocol, acc) do
change_impl_for(t, protocol, info, types, is_protocol, [h|acc])
end
defp change_impl_for([], protocol, _info, _types, is_protocol, acc) do
if is_protocol do
{:ok, {protocol, Enum.reverse(acc)}}
else
{:error, :not_a_protocol}
end
end
defp builtin_clause_for(mod, guard, protocol, line) do
{:clause, line,
[{:var, line, :x}],
[[{:call, line,
{:remote, line, {:atom, line, :erlang}, {:atom, line, guard}},
[{:var, line, :x}],
}]],
[{:atom, line, load_impl(protocol, mod)}]}
end
defp struct_clause_for(line) do
{:clause, line,
[{:map, line, [
{:map_field_exact, line, {:atom, line, :__struct__}, {:var, line, :x}}
]}],
[[{:call, line,
{:remote, line, {:atom, line, :erlang}, {:atom, line, :is_atom}},
[{:var, line, :x}],
}]],
[{:call, line,
{:atom, line, :struct_impl_for},
[{:var, line, :x}]}]}
end
defp each_struct_clause_for(other, protocol, line) do
{:clause, line, [{:atom, line, other}], [],
[{:atom, line, load_impl(protocol, other)}]}
end
defp fallback_clause_for(value, _protocol, line) do
{:clause, line, [{:var, line, :_}], [],
[{:atom, line, value}]}
end
defp load_impl(protocol, for) do
Module.concat(protocol, for).__impl__(:target)
end
# Finally compile the module and emit its bytecode.
defp compile({{protocol, code}, docs}) do
opts = if Code.compiler_options[:debug_info], do: [:debug_info], else: []
{:ok, ^protocol, binary, _warnings} = :compile.forms(code, [:return|opts])
unless docs == :missing_chunk do
binary = :elixir_module.add_beam_chunk(binary, @docs_chunk, docs)
end
{:ok, binary}
end
## Definition callbacks
@doc false
def __protocol__(name, [do: block]) do
quote do
defmodule unquote(name) do
# We don't allow function definition inside protocols
import Kernel, except: [
defmacrop: 1, defmacrop: 2, defmacro: 1, defmacro: 2,
defp: 1, defp: 2, def: 1, def: 2
]
# Import the new dsl that holds the new def
import Protocol, only: [def: 1]
# Compile with debug info for consolidation
@compile :debug_info
# Set up a clear slate to store defined functions
@functions []
@fallback_to_any false
# Invoke the user given block
unquote(block)
# Finalize expansion
unquote(after_defprotocol)
end
end
end
defp after_defprotocol do
quote bind_quoted: [builtin: builtin] do
@spec impl_for(term) :: atom() | nil
Kernel.def impl_for(data)
# Define the implementation for structs.
#
# It simply delegates to struct_impl_for which is then
# optimized during protocol consolidation.
Kernel.def impl_for(%{__struct__: struct}) when :erlang.is_atom(struct) do
struct_impl_for(struct)
end
# Define the implementation for builtins.
for {guard, mod} <- builtin do
target = Module.concat(__MODULE__, mod)
Kernel.def impl_for(data) when :erlang.unquote(guard)(data) do
case impl_for?(unquote(target)) do
true -> unquote(target).__impl__(:target)
false -> any_impl_for
end
end
end
@spec impl_for!(term) :: atom() | no_return()
Kernel.def impl_for!(data) do
impl_for(data) || raise(Protocol.UndefinedError, protocol: __MODULE__, value: data)
end
# Internal handler for Any
if @fallback_to_any do
Kernel.defp any_impl_for do
case impl_for?(__MODULE__.Any) do
true -> __MODULE__.Any.__impl__(:target)
false -> nil
end
end
else
Kernel.defp any_impl_for, do: nil
end
# Internal handler for Structs
Kernel.defp struct_impl_for(struct) do
target = Module.concat(__MODULE__, struct)
case impl_for?(target) do
true -> target.__impl__(:target)
false -> any_impl_for
end
end
# Check if compilation is available internally
Kernel.defp impl_for?(target) do
Code.ensure_compiled?(target) and
function_exported?(target, :__impl__, 1)
end
# Inline any and struct implementations
@compile {:inline, any_impl_for: 0, struct_impl_for: 1, impl_for?: 1}
unless Kernel.Typespec.defines_type?(__MODULE__, :t, 0) do
@type t :: term
end
# Store information as an attribute so it
# can be read without loading the module.
Module.register_attribute(__MODULE__, :protocol, persist: true)
@protocol [fallback_to_any: !!@fallback_to_any, consolidated: false]
@doc false
@spec __protocol__(:name) :: __MODULE__
@spec __protocol__(:functions) :: unquote(Protocol.__functions_spec__(@functions))
Kernel.def __protocol__(:name), do: __MODULE__
Kernel.def __protocol__(:functions), do: unquote(:lists.sort(@functions))
end
end
@doc false
def __functions_spec__([]),
do: []
def __functions_spec__([h|t]),
do: [:lists.foldl(&{:|, [], [&1, &2]}, h, t), quote(do: ...)]
@doc false
def __impl__(protocol, opts) do
do_defimpl(protocol, :lists.keysort(1, opts))
end
defp do_defimpl(protocol, [do: block, for: for]) when is_list(for) do
for f <- for, do: do_defimpl(protocol, [do: block, for: f])
end
defp do_defimpl(protocol, [do: block, for: for]) do
# Unquote the implementation just later
# when all variables will already be injected
# into the module body.
__impl__ =
quote unquote: false do
@doc false
@spec __impl__(:for) :: unquote(for)
@spec __impl__(:target) :: __MODULE__
@spec __impl__(:protocol) :: unquote(protocol)
def __impl__(:for), do: unquote(for)
def __impl__(:target), do: __MODULE__
def __impl__(:protocol), do: unquote(protocol)
end
quote do
protocol = unquote(protocol)
for = unquote(for)
name = Module.concat(protocol, for)
Protocol.assert_protocol!(protocol)
defmodule name do
@behaviour protocol
@protocol protocol
@for for
unquote(block)
Module.register_attribute(__MODULE__, :impl, persist: true)
@impl [protocol: @protocol, for: @for]
unquote(__impl__)
end
end
end
@doc false
def __derive__(derives, for, %Macro.Env{} = env) when is_atom(for) do
struct =
if for == env.module do
Module.get_attribute(for, :struct) ||
raise "struct is not defined for #{inspect for}"
else
for.__struct__
end
:lists.foreach(fn
proto when is_atom(proto) ->
derive(proto, for, struct, [], env)
{proto, opts} when is_atom(proto) ->
derive(proto, for, struct, opts, env)
end, :lists.flatten(derives))
:ok
end
defp derive(protocol, for, struct, opts, env) do
extra = ", cannot derive #{inspect protocol} for #{inspect for}"
assert_protocol!(protocol, extra)
assert_impl!(protocol, Map, extra)
# Clean up variables from eval context
env = %{env | vars: [], export_vars: nil}
args = [for, struct, opts]
impl = Module.concat(protocol, Map)
:elixir_module.expand_callback(env.line, impl, :__deriving__, args, env, fn
mod, fun, args ->
if function_exported?(mod, fun, length(args)) do
apply(mod, fun, args)
else
Module.create(Module.concat(protocol, for), quote do
Module.register_attribute(__MODULE__, :impl, persist: true)
@impl [protocol: unquote(protocol), for: unquote(for)]
@doc false
@spec __impl__(:target) :: unquote(impl)
@spec __impl__(:protocol) :: unquote(protocol)
@spec __impl__(:for) :: unquote(for)
def __impl__(:target), do: unquote(impl)
def __impl__(:protocol), do: unquote(protocol)
def __impl__(:for), do: unquote(for)
end, Macro.Env.location(env))
end
end)
end
@doc false
def __spec__?(module, name, arity) do
signature = {name, arity}
specs = Module.get_attribute(module, :spec)
found =
for {:spec, expr, caller} <- specs,
Kernel.Typespec.spec_to_signature(expr) == signature do
Kernel.Typespec.define_spec(:callback, expr, caller)
true
end
found != []
end
## Helpers
defp builtin do
[is_tuple: Tuple,
is_atom: Atom,
is_list: List,
is_map: Map,
is_bitstring: BitString,
is_integer: Integer,
is_float: Float,
is_function: Function,
is_pid: PID,
is_port: Port,
is_reference: Reference]
end
end
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@@ -1,125 +0,0 @@
defmodule Range do
@moduledoc """
Defines a Range.
A Range is represented internally as a struct. However,
the most common form of creating and matching on ranges
is via the `../2` macro, auto-imported from Kernel:
iex> range = 1..3
1..3
iex> first .. last = range
iex> first
1
iex> last
3
"""
defstruct first: nil, last: nil
@type t :: %Range{}
@type t(first, last) :: %Range{first: first, last: last}
@doc """
Creates a new range.
"""
def new(first, last) do
%Range{first: first, last: last}
end
@doc """
Returns true if the given argument is a range.
## Examples
iex> Range.range?(1..3)
true
iex> Range.range?(0)
false
"""
def range?(%Range{}), do: true
def range?(_), do: false
end
defprotocol Range.Iterator do
@moduledoc """
A protocol used for iterating range elements.
"""
@doc """
Returns the function that calculates the next item.
"""
def next(first, range)
@doc """
Count how many items are in the range.
"""
def count(first, range)
end
defimpl Enumerable, for: Range do
def reduce(first .. last = range, acc, fun) do
reduce(first, last, acc, fun, Range.Iterator.next(first, range), last >= first)
end
defp reduce(_x, _y, {:halt, acc}, _fun, _next, _up) do
{:halted, acc}
end
defp reduce(x, y, {:suspend, acc}, fun, next, up) do
{:suspended, acc, &reduce(x, y, &1, fun, next, up)}
end
defp reduce(x, y, {:cont, acc}, fun, next, true) when x <= y do
reduce(next.(x), y, fun.(x, acc), fun, next, true)
end
defp reduce(x, y, {:cont, acc}, fun, next, false) when x >= y do
reduce(next.(x), y, fun.(x, acc), fun, next, false)
end
defp reduce(_, _, {:cont, acc}, _fun, _next, _up) do
{:done, acc}
end
def member?(first .. last, value) do
if first <= last do
{:ok, first <= value and value <= last}
else
{:ok, last <= value and value <= first}
end
end
def count(first .. _ = range) do
{:ok, Range.Iterator.count(first, range)}
end
end
defimpl Range.Iterator, for: Integer do
def next(first, _ .. last) when is_integer(last) do
if last >= first do
&(&1 + 1)
else
&(&1 - 1)
end
end
def count(first, _ .. last) when is_integer(last) do
if last >= first do
last - first + 1
else
first - last + 1
end
end
end
defimpl Inspect, for: Range do
import Inspect.Algebra
def inspect(first .. last, opts) do
concat [to_doc(first, opts), "..", to_doc(last, opts)]
end
end
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defmodule Record do
@moduledoc """
Module to work, define and import records.
Records are simply tuples where the first element is an atom:
iex> Record.is_record {User, "john", 27}
true
This module provides conveniences for working with records at
compilation time, where compile-time field names are used to
manipulate the tuples, providing fast operations on top of
the tuples compact structure.
In Elixir, records are used mostly in two situations:
1. to work with short, internal data
2. to interface with Erlang records
The macros `defrecord/3` and `defrecordp/3` can be used to create
records while `extract/2` can be used to extract records from Erlang
files.
## Types
Types can be defined for tuples with the `record/2` macro (only available
in typespecs). Like with the generated record macros it will expand to
a tuple.
defmodule MyModule do
require Record
Record.defrecord :user name: "john", age: 25
@type user :: record(:user, name: String.t, age: integer)
# expands to: `@type user :: {:user, String.t, integer}`
end
"""
@doc """
Extracts record information from an Erlang file.
Returns a quoted expression containing the fields as a list
of tuples. It expects the record name to be an atom and the
library path to be a string at expansion time.
## Examples
iex> Record.extract(:file_info, from_lib: "kernel/include/file.hrl")
[size: :undefined, type: :undefined, access: :undefined, atime: :undefined,
mtime: :undefined, ctime: :undefined, mode: :undefined, links: :undefined,
major_device: :undefined, minor_device: :undefined, inode: :undefined,
uid: :undefined, gid: :undefined]
"""
defmacro extract(name, opts) when is_atom(name) and is_list(opts) do
Macro.escape Record.Extractor.extract(name, opts)
end
@doc """
Checks if the given `data` is a record of `kind`.
This is implemented as a macro so it can be used in guard clauses.
## Examples
iex> record = {User, "john", 27}
iex> Record.is_record(record, User)
true
"""
defmacro is_record(data, kind) do
case Macro.Env.in_guard?(__CALLER__) do
true ->
quote do
is_tuple(unquote(data)) and tuple_size(unquote(data)) > 0
and :erlang.element(1, unquote(data)) == unquote(kind)
end
false ->
quote do
result = unquote(data)
is_tuple(result) and tuple_size(result) > 0
and :erlang.element(1, result) == unquote(kind)
end
end
end
@doc """
Checks if the given `data` is a record.
This is implemented as a macro so it can be used in guard clauses.
## Examples
iex> record = {User, "john", 27}
iex> Record.is_record(record)
true
iex> tuple = {}
iex> Record.is_record(tuple)
false
"""
defmacro is_record(data) do
case Macro.Env.in_guard?(__CALLER__) do
true ->
quote do
is_tuple(unquote(data)) and tuple_size(unquote(data)) > 0
and is_atom(:erlang.element(1, unquote(data)))
end
false ->
quote do
result = unquote(data)
is_tuple(result) and tuple_size(result) > 0
and is_atom(:erlang.element(1, result))
end
end
end
@doc """
Defines a set of macros to create and access a record.
The macros are going to have `name`, a tag (which defaults)
to the name if none is given, and a set of fields given by
`kv`.
## Examples
defmodule User do
require Record
Record.defrecord :user, [name: "meg", age: "25"]
end
In the example above, a set of macros named `user` but with different
arities will be defined to manipulate the underlying record:
# To create records
record = user() #=> {:user, "meg", 25}
record = user(age: 26) #=> {:user, "meg", 26}
# To get a field from the record
user(record, :name) #=> "meg"
# To update the record
user(record, age: 26) #=> {:user, "meg", 26}
# Convert a record to a keyword list
user(record) #=> [name: "meg", age: 26]
By default, Elixir uses the record name as the first element of
the tuple (the tag). But it can be changed to something else:
defmodule User do
require Record
Record.defrecord :user, User, name: nil
end
require User
User.user() #=> {User, nil}
"""
defmacro defrecord(name, tag \\ nil, kv) do
quote bind_quoted: [name: name, tag: tag, kv: kv] do
tag = tag || name
fields = Record.__fields__(:defrecord, kv)
defmacro(unquote(name)(args \\ [])) do
Record.__access__(unquote(tag), unquote(fields), args, __CALLER__)
end
defmacro(unquote(name)(record, args)) do
Record.__access__(unquote(tag), unquote(fields), record, args, __CALLER__)
end
end
end
@doc """
Same as `defrecord/3` but generates private macros.
"""
defmacro defrecordp(name, tag \\ nil, kv) do
quote bind_quoted: [name: name, tag: tag, kv: kv] do
tag = tag || name
fields = Record.__fields__(:defrecordp, kv)
defmacrop(unquote(name)(args \\ [])) do
Record.__access__(unquote(tag), unquote(fields), args, __CALLER__)
end
defmacrop(unquote(name)(record, args)) do
Record.__access__(unquote(tag), unquote(fields), record, args, __CALLER__)
end
end
end
# Normalizes of record fields to have default values.
@doc false
def __fields__(type, fields) do
:lists.map(fn
{key, val} when is_atom(key) ->
try do
Macro.escape(val)
rescue
e in [ArgumentError] ->
raise ArgumentError, "invalid value for record field #{key}, " <> Exception.message(e)
else
val -> {key, val}
end
key when is_atom(key) ->
{key, nil}
other ->
raise ArgumentError, "#{type} fields must be atoms, got: #{inspect other}"
end, fields)
end
# Callback invoked from record/0 and record/1 macros.
@doc false
def __access__(atom, fields, args, caller) do
cond do
is_atom(args) ->
index(atom, fields, args)
Keyword.keyword?(args) ->
create(atom, fields, args, caller)
true ->
case Macro.expand(args, caller) do
{:{}, _, [^atom|list]} when length(list) == length(fields) ->
record = List.to_tuple([atom|list])
Macro.escape(Record.__keyword__(atom, fields, record))
{^atom, arg} when length(fields) == 1 ->
Macro.escape(Record.__keyword__(atom, fields, {atom, arg}))
_ ->
quote do: Record.__keyword__(unquote(atom), unquote(fields), unquote(args))
end
end
end
# Callback invoked from the record/2 macro.
@doc false
def __access__(atom, fields, record, args, caller) do
cond do
is_atom(args) ->
get(atom, fields, record, args)
Keyword.keyword?(args) ->
update(atom, fields, record, args, caller)
true ->
msg = "expected arguments to be a compile time atom or keywords, got: #{Macro.to_string args}"
raise ArgumentError, msg
end
end
# Gets the index of field.
defp index(atom, fields, field) do
if index = find_index(fields, field, 0) do
index - 1 # Convert to Elixir index
else
raise ArgumentError, "record #{inspect atom} does not have the key: #{inspect field}"
end
end
# Creates a new record with the given default fields and keyword values.
defp create(atom, fields, keyword, caller) do
in_match = Macro.Env.in_match?(caller)
{match, remaining} =
Enum.map_reduce(fields, keyword, fn({field, default}, each_keyword) ->
new_fields =
case Keyword.has_key?(each_keyword, field) do
true -> Keyword.get(each_keyword, field)
false ->
case in_match do
true -> {:_, [], nil}
false -> Macro.escape(default)
end
end
{new_fields, Keyword.delete(each_keyword, field)}
end)
case remaining do
[] ->
{:{}, [], [atom|match]}
_ ->
keys = for {key, _} <- remaining, do: key
raise ArgumentError, "record #{inspect atom} does not have the key: #{inspect hd(keys)}"
end
end
# Updates a record given by var with the given keyword.
defp update(atom, fields, var, keyword, caller) do
if Macro.Env.in_match?(caller) do
raise ArgumentError, "cannot invoke update style macro inside match"
end
Enum.reduce keyword, var, fn({key, value}, acc) ->
index = find_index(fields, key, 0)
if index do
quote do
:erlang.setelement(unquote(index), unquote(acc), unquote(value))
end
else
raise ArgumentError, "record #{inspect atom} does not have the key: #{inspect key}"
end
end
end
# Gets a record key from the given var.
defp get(atom, fields, var, key) do
index = find_index(fields, key, 0)
if index do
quote do
:erlang.element(unquote(index), unquote(var))
end
else
raise ArgumentError, "record #{inspect atom} does not have the key: #{inspect key}"
end
end
defp find_index([{k, _}|_], k, i), do: i + 2
defp find_index([{_, _}|t], k, i), do: find_index(t, k, i + 1)
defp find_index([], _k, _i), do: nil
# Returns a keyword list of the record
@doc false
def __keyword__(atom, fields, record) do
if is_record(record, atom) do
[_tag|values] = Tuple.to_list(record)
join_keyword(fields, values, [])
else
msg = "expected argument to be a literal atom, literal keyword or a #{inspect atom} record, got runtime: #{inspect record}"
raise ArgumentError, msg
end
end
defp join_keyword([{field, _default}|fields], [value|values], acc),
do: join_keyword(fields, values, [{field, value}| acc])
defp join_keyword([], [], acc),
do: :lists.reverse(acc)
end
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defmodule Record.Extractor do
@moduledoc false
# Retrieve a record definition from an Erlang file using
# the same lookup as the *include* attribute from Erlang modules.
def extract(name, from: file) when is_binary(file) do
file = String.to_char_list(file)
realfile =
case :code.where_is_file(file) do
:non_existing -> file
realfile -> realfile
end
extract_record(name, realfile)
end
# Retrieve a record definition from an Erlang file using
# the same lookup as the *include_lib* attribute from Erlang modules.
def extract(name, from_lib: file) when is_binary(file) do
[app|path] = :filename.split(String.to_char_list(file))
case :code.lib_dir(List.to_atom(app)) do
{:error, _} ->
raise ArgumentError, "lib file #{file} could not be found"
libpath ->
extract_record name, :filename.join([libpath|path])
end
end
# Retrieve the record with the given name from the given file
defp extract_record(name, file) do
form = read_file(file)
records = extract_records(form)
if record = List.keyfind(records, name, 0) do
parse_record(record, form)
else
raise ArgumentError, "no record #{name} found at #{file}"
end
end
# Parse the given file and extract all existent records.
defp extract_records(form) do
for {:attribute, _, :record, record} <- form, do: record
end
# Read a file and return its abstract syntax form that also
# includes record and other preprocessor modules. This is done
# by using Erlang's epp_dodger.
defp read_file(file) do
case :epp_dodger.quick_parse_file(file) do
{:ok, form} ->
form
other ->
raise "error parsing file #{file}, got: #{inspect(other)}"
end
end
# Parse a tuple with name and fields and returns a
# list of tuples where the first element is the field
# and the second is its default value.
defp parse_record({_name, fields}, form) do
cons = List.foldr fields, {nil, 0}, fn f, acc ->
{:cons, 0, parse_field(f), acc}
end
eval_record(cons, form)
end
defp parse_field({:typed_record_field, record_field, _type}) do
parse_field(record_field)
end
defp parse_field({:record_field, _, key}) do
{:tuple, 0, [key, {:atom, 0, :undefined}]}
end
defp parse_field({:record_field, _, key, value}) do
{:tuple, 0, [key, value]}
end
defp eval_record(cons, form) do
form = form ++
[ {:function, 0, :hello, 0, [
{:clause, 0, [], [], [ cons ]} ]} ]
{:function, 0, :hello, 0, [
{:clause, 0, [], [], [ record_ast ]} ]} = :erl_expand_records.module(form, []) |> List.last
{:value, record, _} = :erl_eval.expr(record_ast, [])
record
end
end
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defmodule Regex do
@moduledoc ~S"""
Regular expressions for Elixir built on top of Erlang's `re` module.
As the `re` module, Regex is based on PCRE
(Perl Compatible Regular Expressions). More information can be
found in the [`re` documentation](http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/re.html).
Regular expressions in Elixir can be created using `Regex.compile!/2`
or using the special form with [`~r`](Kernel.html#sigil_r/2):
# A simple regular expressions that matches foo anywhere in the string
~r/foo/
# A regular expression with case insensitive and unicode options
~r/foo/iu
A Regex is represented internally as the `Regex` struct. Therefore,
`%Regex{}` can be used whenever there is a need to match on them.
## Modifiers
The modifiers available when creating a Regex are:
* `unicode` (u) - enables unicode specific patterns like `\p` and changes
modifiers like `\w`, `\W`, `\s` and friends to also match on unicode.
It expects valid unicode strings to be given on match
* `caseless` (i) - add case insensitivity
* `dotall` (s) - causes dot to match newlines and also set newline to
anycrlf; the new line setting can be overridden by setting `(*CR)` or
`(*LF)` or `(*CRLF)` or `(*ANY)` according to re documentation
* `multiline` (m) - causes `^` and `$` to mark the beginning and end of
each line; use `\A` and `\z` to match the end or beginning of the string
* `extended` (x) - whitespace characters are ignored except when escaped
and allow `#` to delimit comments
* `firstline` (f) - forces the unanchored pattern to match before or at the
first newline, though the matched text may continue over the newline
* `ungreedy` (r) - inverts the "greediness" of the regexp
The options not available are:
* `anchored` - not available, use `^` or `\A` instead
* `dollar_endonly` - not available, use `\z` instead
* `no_auto_capture` - not available, use `?:` instead
* `newline` - not available, use `(*CR)` or `(*LF)` or `(*CRLF)` or
`(*ANYCRLF)` or `(*ANY)` at the beginning of the regexp according to the
re documentation
## Captures
Many functions in this module allows what to capture in a regex
match via the `:capture` option. The supported values are:
* `:all` - all captured subpatterns including the complete matching string
(this is the default)
* `:first` - only the first captured subpattern, which is always the
complete matching part of the string; all explicitly captured subpatterns
are discarded
* `:all_but_first`- all but the first matching subpattern, i.e. all
explicitly captured subpatterns, but not the complete matching part of
the string
* `:none` - do not return matching subpatterns at all
* `:all_names` - captures all names in the Regex
* `list(binary)` - a list of named captures to capture
"""
defstruct re_pattern: nil, source: "", opts: ""
@type t :: %__MODULE__{re_pattern: term, source: binary, opts: binary}
defmodule CompileError do
defexception message: "regex could not be compiled"
end
@doc """
Compiles the regular expression.
The given options can either be a binary with the characters
representing the same regex options given to the `~r` sigil,
or a list of options, as expected by the [Erlang `re` docs](http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/re.html).
It returns `{:ok, regex}` in case of success,
`{:error, reason}` otherwise.
## Examples
iex> Regex.compile("foo")
{:ok, ~r"foo"}
iex> Regex.compile("*foo")
{:error, {'nothing to repeat', 0}}
"""
@spec compile(binary, binary | [term]) :: {:ok, t} | {:error, any}
def compile(source, options \\ "")
def compile(source, options) when is_binary(options) do
case translate_options(options, []) do
{:error, rest} ->
{:error, {:invalid_option, rest}}
translated_options ->
compile(source, translated_options, options)
end
end
def compile(source, options) when is_list(options) do
compile(source, options, "")
end
defp compile(source, opts, doc_opts) when is_binary(source) do
case :re.compile(source, opts) do
{:ok, re_pattern} ->
{:ok, %Regex{re_pattern: re_pattern, source: source, opts: doc_opts}}
error ->
error
end
end
@doc """
Compiles the regular expression according to the given options.
Fails with `Regex.CompileError` if the regex cannot be compiled.
"""
@spec compile(binary, binary | [term]) :: t
def compile!(source, options \\ "") do
case compile(source, options) do
{:ok, regex} -> regex
{:error, {reason, at}} -> raise Regex.CompileError, message: "#{reason} at position #{at}"
end
end
@doc """
Returns a boolean indicating whether there was a match or not.
## Examples
iex> Regex.match?(~r/foo/, "foo")
true
iex> Regex.match?(~r/foo/, "bar")
false
"""
@spec match?(t, String.t) :: boolean
def match?(%Regex{re_pattern: compiled}, string) when is_binary(string) do
:re.run(string, compiled, [{:capture, :none}]) == :match
end
@doc """
Returns true if the given argument is a regex.
## Examples
iex> Regex.regex?(~r/foo/)
true
iex> Regex.regex?(0)
false
"""
@spec regex?(t) :: true
@spec regex?(any) :: false
def regex?(%Regex{}), do: true
def regex?(_), do: false
@doc """
Runs the regular expression against the given string until the first match.
It returns a list with all captures or `nil` if no match occurred.
## Options
* `:return` - set to `:index` to return indexes. Defaults to `:binary`.
* `:capture` - what to capture in the result. Check the moduledoc for `Regex`
to see the possible capture values.
## Examples
iex> Regex.run(~r/c(d)/, "abcd")
["cd", "d"]
iex> Regex.run(~r/e/, "abcd")
nil
iex> Regex.run(~r/c(d)/, "abcd", return: :index)
[{2,2},{3,1}]
"""
@spec run(t, binary, [term]) :: nil | [binary] | [{integer, integer}]
def run(regex, string, options \\ [])
def run(%Regex{re_pattern: compiled}, string, options) when is_binary(string) do
return = Keyword.get(options, :return, :binary)
captures = Keyword.get(options, :capture, :all)
case :re.run(string, compiled, [{:capture, captures, return}]) do
:nomatch -> nil
:match -> []
{:match, results} -> results
end
end
@doc """
Returns the given captures as a map or `nil` if no captures are
found. The option `:return` can be set to `:index` to get indexes
back.
## Examples
iex> Regex.named_captures(~r/c(?<foo>d)/, "abcd")
%{"foo" => "d"}
iex> Regex.named_captures(~r/a(?<foo>b)c(?<bar>d)/, "abcd")
%{"bar" => "d", "foo" => "b"}
iex> Regex.named_captures(~r/a(?<foo>b)c(?<bar>d)/, "efgh")
nil
"""
@spec named_captures(t, String.t, [term]) :: map | nil
def named_captures(regex, string, options \\ []) when is_binary(string) do
names = names(regex)
options = Keyword.put(options, :capture, names)
results = run(regex, string, options)
if results, do: Enum.zip(names, results) |> Enum.into(%{})
end
@doc """
Returns the underlying `re_pattern` in the regular expression.
"""
@spec re_pattern(t) :: term
def re_pattern(%Regex{re_pattern: compiled}) do
compiled
end
@doc """
Returns the regex source as a binary.
## Examples
iex> Regex.source(~r(foo))
"foo"
"""
@spec source(t) :: String.t
def source(%Regex{source: source}) do
source
end
@doc """
Returns the regex options as a string.
## Examples
iex> Regex.opts(~r(foo)m)
"m"
"""
@spec opts(t) :: String.t
def opts(%Regex{opts: opts}) do
opts
end
@doc """
Returns a list of names in the regex.
## Examples
iex> Regex.names(~r/(?<foo>bar)/)
["foo"]
"""
@spec names(t) :: [String.t]
def names(%Regex{re_pattern: re_pattern}) do
{:namelist, names} = :re.inspect(re_pattern, :namelist)
names
end
@doc """
Same as `run/3`, but scans the target several times collecting all
matches of the regular expression. A list of lists is returned,
where each entry in the primary list represents a match and each
entry in the secondary list represents the captured contents.
## Options
* `:return` - set to `:index` to return indexes. Defaults to `:binary`.
* `:capture` - what to capture in the result. Check the moduledoc for `Regex`
to see the possible capture values.
## Examples
iex> Regex.scan(~r/c(d|e)/, "abcd abce")
[["cd", "d"], ["ce", "e"]]
iex> Regex.scan(~r/c(?:d|e)/, "abcd abce")
[["cd"], ["ce"]]
iex> Regex.scan(~r/e/, "abcd")
[]
"""
@spec scan(t, String.t, [term]) :: [[String.t]]
def scan(regex, string, options \\ [])
def scan(%Regex{re_pattern: compiled}, string, options) when is_binary(string) do
return = Keyword.get(options, :return, :binary)
captures = Keyword.get(options, :capture, :all)
options = [{:capture, captures, return}, :global]
case :re.run(string, compiled, options) do
:match -> []
:nomatch -> []
{:match, results} -> results
end
end
@doc """
Splits the given target into the number of parts specified.
## Options
* `:parts` - when specified, splits the string into the given number of
parts. If not specified, `:parts` defaults to `:infinity`, which will
split the string into the maximum number of parts possible based on the
given pattern.
* `:trim` - when true, remove blank strings from the result.
* `:on` - specifies which captures and order to split the string
on. Check the moduledoc for `Regex` to see the possible capture
values. Defaults to `:first` which means captures inside the
Regex does not affect the split result.
## Examples
iex> Regex.split(~r/-/, "a-b-c")
["a","b","c"]
iex> Regex.split(~r/-/, "a-b-c", [parts: 2])
["a","b-c"]
iex> Regex.split(~r/-/, "abc")
["abc"]
iex> Regex.split(~r//, "abc")
["a", "b", "c", ""]
iex> Regex.split(~r/a(?<second>b)c/, "abc")
["", ""]
iex> Regex.split(~r/a(?<second>b)c/, "abc", on: [:second])
["a", "c"]
"""
@spec split(t, String.t, [term]) :: [String.t]
def split(regex, string, options \\ [])
def split(%Regex{}, "", _opts), do: [""]
def split(%Regex{re_pattern: compiled}, string, opts) when is_binary(string) do
on = Keyword.get(opts, :on, :first)
case :re.run(string, compiled, [:global, capture: on]) do
{:match, matches} ->
do_split(matches, string, 0,
parts_to_index(Keyword.get(opts, :parts, :infinity)),
Keyword.get(opts, :trim, false))
:match ->
[string]
:nomatch ->
[string]
end
end
defp parts_to_index(:infinity), do: 0
defp parts_to_index(n) when is_integer(n) and n > 0, do: n
defp do_split(_, string, offset, _counter, true) when byte_size(string) <= offset,
do: []
defp do_split(_, string, offset, 1, _trim),
do: [binary_part(string, offset, byte_size(string) - offset)]
defp do_split([], string, offset, _counter, _trim),
do: [binary_part(string, offset, byte_size(string) - offset)]
defp do_split([[{pos, _}|h]|t], string, offset, counter, trim) when pos - offset < 0,
do: do_split([h|t], string, offset, counter, trim)
defp do_split([[]|t], string, offset, counter, trim),
do: do_split(t, string, offset, counter, trim)
defp do_split([[{pos, length}|h]|t], string, offset, counter, trim) do
new_offset = pos + length
keep = pos - offset
if keep == 0 and (length == 0 or trim) do
do_split([h|t], string, new_offset, counter, trim)
else
<<_::binary-size(offset), part::binary-size(keep), _::binary>> = string
[part|do_split([h|t], string, new_offset, counter - 1, trim)]
end
end
@doc ~S"""
Receives a regex, a binary and a replacement, returns a new
binary where the all matches are replaced by replacement.
The replacement can be either a string or a function. The string
is used as a replacement for every match and it allows specific
captures to be accessed via `\N`, where `N` is the capture. In
case `\0` is used, the whole match is inserted.
When the replacement is a function, the function may have arity
N where each argument maps to a capture, with the first argument
being the whole match. If the function expects more arguments
than captures found, the remaining arguments will receive `""`.
## Options
* `:global` - when `false`, replaces only the first occurrence
(defaults to true)
## Examples
iex> Regex.replace(~r/d/, "abc", "d")
"abc"
iex> Regex.replace(~r/b/, "abc", "d")
"adc"
iex> Regex.replace(~r/b/, "abc", "[\\0]")
"a[b]c"
iex> Regex.replace(~r/a(b|d)c/, "abcadc", "[\\1]")
"[b][d]"
iex> Regex.replace(~r/a(b|d)c/, "abcadc", fn _, x -> "[#{x}]" end)
"[b][d]"
"""
@spec replace(t, String.t, String.t | (... -> String.t), [term]) :: String.t
def replace(regex, string, replacement, options \\ [])
def replace(regex, string, replacement, options) when is_binary(replacement) do
do_replace(regex, string, precompile_replacement(replacement), options)
end
def replace(regex, string, replacement, options) when is_function(replacement) do
{:arity, arity} = :erlang.fun_info(replacement, :arity)
do_replace(regex, string, {replacement, arity}, options)
end
defp do_replace(%Regex{re_pattern: compiled}, string, replacement, options) do
opts = if Keyword.get(options, :global) != false, do: [:global], else: []
opts = [{:capture, :all, :index}|opts]
case :re.run(string, compiled, opts) do
:nomatch ->
string
{:match, [mlist|t]} when is_list(mlist) ->
apply_list(string, replacement, [mlist|t]) |> IO.iodata_to_binary
{:match, slist} ->
apply_list(string, replacement, [slist]) |> IO.iodata_to_binary
end
end
defp precompile_replacement(""),
do: []
defp precompile_replacement(<<?\\, x, rest :: binary>>) when x < ?0 or x > ?9 do
case precompile_replacement(rest) do
[head | t] when is_binary(head) ->
[<<x, head :: binary>> | t]
other ->
[<<x>> | other]
end
end
defp precompile_replacement(<<?\\, rest :: binary>>) when byte_size(rest) > 0 do
{ns, rest} = pick_int(rest)
[List.to_integer(ns) | precompile_replacement(rest)]
end
defp precompile_replacement(<<x, rest :: binary>>) do
case precompile_replacement(rest) do
[head | t] when is_binary(head) ->
[<<x, head :: binary>> | t]
other ->
[<<x>> | other]
end
end
defp pick_int(<<x, rest :: binary>>) when x in ?0..?9 do
{found, rest} = pick_int(rest)
{[x|found], rest}
end
defp pick_int(bin) do
{[], bin}
end
defp apply_list(string, replacement, list) do
apply_list(string, string, 0, replacement, list)
end
defp apply_list(_, "", _, _, []) do
[]
end
defp apply_list(_, string, _, _, []) do
string
end
defp apply_list(whole, string, pos, replacement, [[{mpos, _} | _] | _] = list) when mpos > pos do
length = mpos - pos
<<untouched :: binary-size(length), rest :: binary>> = string
[untouched | apply_list(whole, rest, mpos, replacement, list)]
end
defp apply_list(whole, string, pos, replacement, [[{mpos, length} | _] = head | tail]) when mpos == pos do
<<_ :: size(length)-binary, rest :: binary>> = string
new_data = apply_replace(whole, replacement, head)
[new_data | apply_list(whole, rest, pos + length, replacement, tail)]
end
defp apply_replace(string, {fun, arity}, indexes) do
apply(fun, get_indexes(string, indexes, arity))
end
defp apply_replace(_, [bin], _) when is_binary(bin) do
bin
end
defp apply_replace(string, repl, indexes) do
indexes = List.to_tuple(indexes)
for part <- repl do
cond do
is_binary(part) ->
part
part > tuple_size(indexes) ->
""
true ->
get_index(string, elem(indexes, part))
end
end
end
defp get_index(_string, {pos, _len}) when pos < 0 do
""
end
defp get_index(string, {pos, len}) do
<<_ :: size(pos)-binary, res :: size(len)-binary, _ :: binary>> = string
res
end
defp get_indexes(_string, _, 0) do
[]
end
defp get_indexes(string, [], arity) do
[""|get_indexes(string, [], arity - 1)]
end
defp get_indexes(string, [h|t], arity) do
[get_index(string, h)|get_indexes(string, t, arity - 1)]
end
{:ok, pattern} = :re.compile(~S"[.^$*+?()[{\\\|\s#]", [:unicode])
@escape_pattern pattern
@doc ~S"""
Escapes a string to be literally matched in a regex.
## Examples
iex> Regex.escape(".")
"\\."
iex> Regex.escape("\\what if")
"\\\\what\\ if"
"""
@spec escape(String.t) :: String.t
def escape(string) when is_binary(string) do
:re.replace(string, @escape_pattern, "\\\\&", [:global, {:return, :binary}])
end
# Helpers
@doc false
# Unescape map function used by Macro.unescape_string.
def unescape_map(?f), do: ?\f
def unescape_map(?n), do: ?\n
def unescape_map(?r), do: ?\r
def unescape_map(?t), do: ?\t
def unescape_map(?v), do: ?\v
def unescape_map(?a), do: ?\a
def unescape_map(_), do: false
# Private Helpers
defp translate_options(<<?u, t :: binary>>, acc), do: translate_options(t, [:unicode, :ucp|acc])
defp translate_options(<<?i, t :: binary>>, acc), do: translate_options(t, [:caseless|acc])
defp translate_options(<<?x, t :: binary>>, acc), do: translate_options(t, [:extended|acc])
defp translate_options(<<?f, t :: binary>>, acc), do: translate_options(t, [:firstline|acc])
defp translate_options(<<?r, t :: binary>>, acc), do: translate_options(t, [:ungreedy|acc])
defp translate_options(<<?s, t :: binary>>, acc), do: translate_options(t, [:dotall, {:newline, :anycrlf}|acc])
defp translate_options(<<?m, t :: binary>>, acc), do: translate_options(t, [:multiline|acc])
defp translate_options(<<>>, acc), do: acc
defp translate_options(rest, _acc), do: {:error, rest}
end
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defmodule Set do
@moduledoc ~S"""
This module specifies the Set API expected to be
implemented by different representations.
It also provides functions that redirect to the
underlying Set, allowing a developer to work with
different Set implementations using one API.
To create a new set, use the `new` functions defined
by each set type:
HashSet.new #=> creates an empty HashSet
In the examples below, `set_impl` means a specific
`Set` implementation, for example `HashSet`.
## Protocols
Sets are required to implement both `Enumerable` and `Collectable`
protocols.
## Match
Sets are required to implement all operations using the match (`===`)
operator.
"""
use Behaviour
@type value :: any
@type values :: [ value ]
@type t :: map
defcallback new :: t
defcallback delete(t, value) :: t
defcallback difference(t, t) :: t
defcallback disjoint?(t, t) :: boolean
defcallback equal?(t, t) :: boolean
defcallback intersection(t, t) :: t
defcallback member?(t, value) :: boolean
defcallback put(t, value) :: t
defcallback size(t) :: non_neg_integer
defcallback subset?(t, t) :: boolean
defcallback to_list(t) :: list()
defcallback union(t, t) :: t
defmacrop target(set) do
quote do
case unquote(set) do
%{__struct__: x} when is_atom(x) ->
x
x ->
unsupported_set(x)
end
end
end
@doc """
Deletes `value` from `set`.
## Examples
iex> s = Enum.into([1, 2, 3], set_impl.new)
iex> Set.delete(s, 4) |> Enum.sort
[1, 2, 3]
iex> s = Enum.into([1, 2, 3], set_impl.new)
iex> Set.delete(s, 2) |> Enum.sort
[1, 3]
"""
@spec delete(t, value) :: t
def delete(set, value) do
target(set).delete(set, value)
end
@doc """
Returns a set that is `set1` without the members of `set2`.
Notice this function is polymorphic as it calculates the difference
for of any type. Each set implementation also provides a `difference`
function, but they can only work with sets of the same type.
## Examples
iex> Set.difference(Enum.into([1,2], set_impl.new), Enum.into([2,3,4], set_impl.new)) |> Enum.sort
[1]
"""
@spec difference(t, t) :: t
def difference(set1, set2) do
target1 = target(set1)
target2 = target(set2)
if target1 == target2 do
target1.difference(set1, set2)
else
target2.reduce(set2, {:cont, set1}, fn v, acc ->
{:cont, target1.delete(acc, v)}
end) |> elem(1)
end
end
@doc """
Checks if `set1` and `set2` have no members in common.
Notice this function is polymorphic as it checks for disjoint sets of
any type. Each set implementation also provides a `disjoint?` function,
but they can only work with sets of the same type.
## Examples
iex> Set.disjoint?(Enum.into([1, 2], set_impl.new), Enum.into([3, 4], set_impl.new))
true
iex> Set.disjoint?(Enum.into([1, 2], set_impl.new), Enum.into([2, 3], set_impl.new))
false
"""
@spec disjoint?(t, t) :: boolean
def disjoint?(set1, set2) do
target1 = target(set1)
target2 = target(set2)
if target1 == target2 do
target1.disjoint?(set1, set2)
else
target2.reduce(set2, {:cont, true}, fn member, acc ->
case target1.member?(set1, member) do
false -> {:cont, acc}
_ -> {:halt, false}
end
end) |> elem(1)
end
end
@doc false
@spec empty(t) :: t
def empty(set) do
target(set).empty(set)
end
@doc """
Check if two sets are equal using `===`.
Notice this function is polymorphic as it compares sets of
any type. Each set implementation also provides an `equal?`
function, but they can only work with sets of the same type.
## Examples
iex> Set.equal?(Enum.into([1, 2], set_impl.new), Enum.into([2, 1, 1], set_impl.new))
true
iex> Set.equal?(Enum.into([1, 2], set_impl.new), Enum.into([3, 4], set_impl.new))
false
"""
@spec equal?(t, t) :: boolean
def equal?(set1, set2) do
target1 = target(set1)
target2 = target(set2)
cond do
target1 == target2 ->
target1.equal?(set1, set2)
target1.size(set1) == target2.size(set2) ->
do_subset?(target1, target2, set1, set2)
true ->
false
end
end
@doc """
Returns a set containing only members in common between `set1` and `set2`.
Notice this function is polymorphic as it calculates the intersection of
any type. Each set implementation also provides a `intersection` function,
but they can only work with sets of the same type.
## Examples
iex> Set.intersection(Enum.into([1,2], set_impl.new), Enum.into([2,3,4], set_impl.new)) |> Enum.sort
[2]
iex> Set.intersection(Enum.into([1,2], set_impl.new), Enum.into([3,4], set_impl.new)) |> Enum.sort
[]
"""
@spec intersection(t, t) :: t
def intersection(set1, set2) do
target1 = target(set1)
target2 = target(set2)
if target1 == target2 do
target1.intersection(set1, set2)
else
target1.reduce(set1, {:cont, target1.new}, fn v, acc ->
{:cont, if(target2.member?(set2, v), do: target1.put(acc, v), else: acc)}
end) |> elem(1)
end
end
@doc """
Checks if `set` contains `value`.
## Examples
iex> Set.member?(Enum.into([1, 2, 3], set_impl.new), 2)
true
iex> Set.member?(Enum.into([1, 2, 3], set_impl.new), 4)
false
"""
@spec member?(t, value) :: boolean
def member?(set, value) do
target(set).member?(set, value)
end
@doc """
Inserts `value` into `set` if it does not already contain it.
## Examples
iex> Set.put(Enum.into([1, 2, 3], set_impl.new), 3) |> Enum.sort
[1, 2, 3]
iex> Set.put(Enum.into([1, 2, 3], set_impl.new), 4) |> Enum.sort
[1, 2, 3, 4]
"""
@spec put(t, value) :: t
def put(set, value) do
target(set).put(set, value)
end
@doc """
Returns the number of elements in `set`.
## Examples
iex> Set.size(Enum.into([1, 2, 3], set_impl.new))
3
"""
@spec size(t) :: non_neg_integer
def size(set) do
target(set).size(set)
end
@doc """
Checks if `set1`'s members are all contained in `set2`.
Notice this function is polymorphic as it checks the subset for
any type. Each set implementation also provides a `subset?` function,
but they can only work with sets of the same type.
## Examples
iex> Set.subset?(Enum.into([1, 2], set_impl.new), Enum.into([1, 2, 3], set_impl.new))
true
iex> Set.subset?(Enum.into([1, 2, 3], set_impl.new), Enum.into([1, 2], set_impl.new))
false
"""
@spec subset?(t, t) :: boolean
def subset?(set1, set2) do
target1 = target(set1)
target2 = target(set2)
if target1 == target2 do
target1.subset?(set1, set2)
else
do_subset?(target1, target2, set1, set2)
end
end
@doc """
Converts `set` to a list.
## Examples
iex> set_impl.to_list(Enum.into([1, 2, 3], set_impl.new)) |> Enum.sort
[1,2,3]
"""
@spec to_list(t) :: list
def to_list(set) do
target(set).to_list(set)
end
@doc """
Returns a set containing all members of `set1` and `set2`.
Notice this function is polymorphic as it calculates the union of
any type. Each set implementation also provides a `union` function,
but they can only work with sets of the same type.
## Examples
iex> Set.union(Enum.into([1,2], set_impl.new), Enum.into([2,3,4], set_impl.new)) |> Enum.sort
[1,2,3,4]
"""
@spec union(t, t) :: t
def union(set1, set2) do
target1 = target(set1)
target2 = target(set2)
if target1 == target2 do
target1.union(set1, set2)
else
target2.reduce(set2, {:cont, set1}, fn v, acc ->
{:cont, target1.put(acc, v)}
end) |> elem(1)
end
end
defp do_subset?(target1, target2, set1, set2) do
target1.reduce(set1, {:cont, true}, fn member, acc ->
case target2.member?(set2, member) do
true -> {:cont, acc}
_ -> {:halt, false}
end
end) |> elem(1)
end
defp unsupported_set(set) do
raise ArgumentError, "unsupported set: #{inspect set}"
end
end
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defmodule Stream.Reducers do
# Collection of reducers shared by Enum and Stream.
@moduledoc false
defmacro chunk(n, step, limit, f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn entry, acc(h, {buffer, count}, t) ->
buffer = [entry|buffer]
count = count + 1
new =
if count >= unquote(limit) do
left = count - unquote(step)
{Enum.take(buffer, left), left}
else
{buffer, count}
end
if count == unquote(n) do
cont_with_acc(unquote(f), :lists.reverse(buffer), h, new, t)
else
{:cont, acc(h, new, t)}
end
end
end
end
defmacro chunk_by(callback, f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn
entry, acc(h, {buffer, value}, t) ->
new_value = unquote(callback).(entry)
if new_value == value do
{:cont, acc(h, {[entry|buffer], value}, t)}
else
cont_with_acc(unquote(f), :lists.reverse(buffer), h, {[entry], new_value}, t)
end
entry, acc(h, nil, t) ->
{:cont, acc(h, {[entry], unquote(callback).(entry)}, t)}
end
end
end
defmacro drop(f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn
_entry, acc(h, n, t) when n > 0 ->
{:cont, acc(h, n-1, t)}
entry, acc(h, n, t) ->
cont_with_acc(unquote(f), entry, h, n, t)
end
end
end
defmacro drop_while(callback, f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn entry, acc(h, bool, t) = orig ->
if bool and unquote(callback).(entry) do
{:cont, orig}
else
cont_with_acc(unquote(f), entry, h, false, t)
end
end
end
end
defmacro filter(callback, f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn(entry, acc) ->
if unquote(callback).(entry) do
cont(unquote(f), entry, acc)
else
{:cont, acc}
end
end
end
end
defmacro filter_map(filter, mapper, f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn(entry, acc) ->
if unquote(filter).(entry) do
cont(unquote(f), unquote(mapper).(entry), acc)
else
{:cont, acc}
end
end
end
end
defmacro map(callback, f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn(entry, acc) ->
cont(unquote(f), unquote(callback).(entry), acc)
end
end
end
defmacro reject(callback, f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn(entry, acc) ->
unless unquote(callback).(entry) do
cont(unquote(f), entry, acc)
else
{:cont, acc}
end
end
end
end
defmacro scan_2(callback, f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn
entry, acc(h, :first, t) ->
cont_with_acc(unquote(f), entry, h, {:ok, entry}, t)
entry, acc(h, {:ok, acc}, t) ->
value = unquote(callback).(entry, acc)
cont_with_acc(unquote(f), value, h, {:ok, value}, t)
end
end
end
defmacro scan_3(callback, f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn(entry, acc(h, acc, t)) ->
value = unquote(callback).(entry, acc)
cont_with_acc(unquote(f), value, h, value, t)
end
end
end
defmacro take(f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn(entry, acc(h, n, t) = orig) ->
if n >= 1 do
cont_with_acc(unquote(f), entry, h, n-1, t)
else
{:halt, orig}
end
end
end
end
defmacro take_every(nth, f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn
entry, acc(h, n, t) when n === :first
when n === unquote(nth) ->
cont_with_acc(unquote(f), entry, h, 1, t)
entry, acc(h, n, t) ->
{:cont, acc(h, n+1, t)}
end
end
end
defmacro take_while(callback, f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn(entry, acc) ->
if unquote(callback).(entry) do
cont(unquote(f), entry, acc)
else
{:halt, acc}
end
end
end
end
defmacro uniq(callback, f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn(entry, acc(h, prev, t) = acc) ->
value = unquote(callback).(entry)
if :lists.member(value, prev) do
{:cont, acc}
else
cont_with_acc(unquote(f), entry, h, [value|prev], t)
end
end
end
end
defmacro with_index(f \\ nil) do
quote do
fn(entry, acc(h, counter, t)) ->
cont_with_acc(unquote(f), {entry, counter}, h, counter + 1, t)
end
end
end
end
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import Kernel, except: [to_string: 1]
defprotocol String.Chars do
@moduledoc ~S"""
The String.Chars protocol is responsible for
converting a structure to a Binary (only if applicable).
The only function required to be implemented is
`to_string` which does the conversion.
The `to_string` function automatically imported
by Kernel invokes this protocol. String
interpolation also invokes to_string in its
arguments. For example, `"foo#{bar}"` is the same
as `"foo" <> to_string(bar)`.
"""
def to_string(thing)
end
defimpl String.Chars, for: Atom do
def to_string(nil) do
""
end
def to_string(atom) do
Atom.to_string(atom)
end
end
defimpl String.Chars, for: BitString do
def to_string(thing) when is_binary(thing) do
thing
end
def to_string(thing) do
raise Protocol.UndefinedError,
protocol: @protocol,
value: thing,
description: "cannot convert a bitstring to a string"
end
end
defimpl String.Chars, for: List do
def to_string(char_list), do: List.to_string(char_list)
end
defimpl String.Chars, for: Integer do
def to_string(thing) do
Integer.to_string(thing)
end
end
defimpl String.Chars, for: Float do
def to_string(thing) do
IO.iodata_to_binary(:io_lib_format.fwrite_g(thing))
end
end
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defmodule StringIO do
@moduledoc """
This module provides an IO device that wraps a string.
## Examples
iex> {:ok, pid} = StringIO.open("foo")
iex> IO.read(pid, 2)
"fo"
"""
use GenServer
@doc """
Creates an IO device.
If the `:capture_prompt` option is set to `true`,
prompts (specified as arguments to `IO.get*` functions)
are captured.
## Examples
iex> {:ok, pid} = StringIO.open("foo")
iex> IO.gets(pid, ">")
"foo"
iex> StringIO.contents(pid)
{"", ""}
iex> {:ok, pid} = StringIO.open("foo", capture_prompt: true)
iex> IO.gets(pid, ">")
"foo"
iex> StringIO.contents(pid)
{"", ">"}
"""
@spec open(binary, Keyword.t) :: {:ok, pid}
def open(string, options \\ []) when is_binary(string) do
GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, {string, options}, [])
end
@doc """
Returns current buffers.
## Examples
iex> {:ok, pid} = StringIO.open("in")
iex> IO.write(pid, "out")
iex> StringIO.contents(pid)
{"in", "out"}
"""
@spec contents(pid) :: {binary, binary}
def contents(pid) when is_pid(pid) do
GenServer.call(pid, :contents)
end
@doc """
Stops the IO device and returns remaining buffers.
## Examples
iex> {:ok, pid} = StringIO.open("in")
iex> IO.write(pid, "out")
iex> StringIO.close(pid)
{:ok, {"in", "out"}}
"""
@spec close(pid) :: {:ok, {binary, binary}}
def close(pid) when is_pid(pid) do
GenServer.call(pid, :close)
end
## callbacks
def init({string, options}) do
capture_prompt = options[:capture_prompt] || false
{:ok, %{input: string, output: "", capture_prompt: capture_prompt}}
end
def handle_info({:io_request, from, reply_as, req}, s) do
s = io_request(from, reply_as, req, s)
{:noreply, s}
end
def handle_info(msg, s) do
super(msg, s)
end
def handle_call(:contents, _from, %{input: input, output: output} = s) do
{:reply, {input, output}, s}
end
def handle_call(:close, _from, %{input: input, output: output} = s) do
{:stop, :normal, {:ok, {input, output}}, s}
end
def handle_call(request, from, s) do
super(request, from, s)
end
defp io_request(from, reply_as, req, s) do
{reply, s} = io_request(req, s)
io_reply(from, reply_as, to_reply(reply))
s
end
defp io_request({:put_chars, chars}, %{output: output} = s) do
{:ok, %{s | output: << output :: binary, IO.chardata_to_string(chars) :: binary >>}}
end
defp io_request({:put_chars, m, f, as}, %{output: output} = s) do
chars = apply(m, f, as)
{:ok, %{s | output: << output :: binary, IO.chardata_to_string(chars) :: binary >>}}
end
defp io_request({:put_chars, _encoding, chars}, s) do
io_request({:put_chars, chars}, s)
end
defp io_request({:put_chars, _encoding, mod, func, args}, s) do
io_request({:put_chars, mod, func, args}, s)
end
defp io_request({:get_chars, prompt, n}, s) when n >= 0 do
io_request({:get_chars, :latin1, prompt, n}, s)
end
defp io_request({:get_chars, encoding, prompt, n}, s) when n >= 0 do
get_chars(encoding, prompt, n, s)
end
defp io_request({:get_line, prompt}, s) do
io_request({:get_line, :latin1, prompt}, s)
end
defp io_request({:get_line, encoding, prompt}, s) do
get_line(encoding, prompt, s)
end
defp io_request({:get_until, prompt, mod, fun, args}, s) do
io_request({:get_until, :latin1, prompt, mod, fun, args}, s)
end
defp io_request({:get_until, encoding, prompt, mod, fun, args}, s) do
get_until(encoding, prompt, mod, fun, args, s)
end
defp io_request({:get_password, encoding}, s) do
get_line(encoding, "", s)
end
defp io_request({:setopts, _opts}, s) do
{{:error, :enotsup}, s}
end
defp io_request(:getopts, s) do
{{:ok, [binary: true, encoding: :unicode]}, s}
end
defp io_request({:get_geometry, :columns}, s) do
{{:error, :enotsup}, s}
end
defp io_request({:get_geometry, :rows}, s) do
{{:error, :enotsup}, s}
end
defp io_request({:requests, reqs}, s) do
io_requests(reqs, {:ok, s})
end
defp io_request(_, s) do
{{:error, :request}, s}
end
## get_chars
defp get_chars(encoding, prompt, n,
%{input: input, output: output, capture_prompt: capture_prompt} = s) do
case do_get_chars(input, encoding, n) do
{:error, _} = error ->
{error, s}
{result, input} ->
if capture_prompt do
output = << output :: binary, IO.chardata_to_string(prompt) :: binary >>
end
{result, %{s | input: input, output: output}}
end
end
defp do_get_chars("", _encoding, _n) do
{:eof, ""}
end
defp do_get_chars(input, :latin1, n) when byte_size(input) < n do
{input, ""}
end
defp do_get_chars(input, :latin1, n) do
<<chars :: binary-size(n), rest :: binary>> = input
{chars, rest}
end
defp do_get_chars(input, encoding, n) do
try do
case :file_io_server.count_and_find(input, n, encoding) do
{buf_count, split_pos} when buf_count < n or split_pos == :none ->
{input, ""}
{_buf_count, split_pos} ->
<<chars :: binary-size(split_pos), rest :: binary>> = input
{chars, rest}
end
catch
:exit, :invalid_unicode ->
{:error, :invalid_unicode}
end
end
## get_line
defp get_line(encoding, prompt,
%{input: input, output: output, capture_prompt: capture_prompt} = s) do
case :unicode.characters_to_list(input, encoding) do
{:error, _, _} ->
{{:error, :collect_line}, s}
{:incomplete, _, _} ->
{{:error, :collect_line}, s}
chars ->
{result, input} = do_get_line(chars, encoding)
if capture_prompt do
output = << output :: binary, IO.chardata_to_string(prompt) :: binary >>
end
{result, %{s | input: input, output: output}}
end
end
defp do_get_line('', _encoding) do
{:eof, ""}
end
defp do_get_line(chars, encoding) do
{line, rest} = collect_line(chars)
{:unicode.characters_to_binary(line, encoding),
:unicode.characters_to_binary(rest, encoding)}
end
## get_until
defp get_until(encoding, prompt, mod, fun, args,
%{input: input, output: output, capture_prompt: capture_prompt} = s) do
case :unicode.characters_to_list(input, encoding) do
{:error, _, _} ->
{:error, s}
{:incomplete, _, _} ->
{:error, s}
chars ->
{result, input, count} = do_get_until(chars, encoding, mod, fun, args)
if capture_prompt do
output = << output :: binary, :binary.copy(IO.chardata_to_string(prompt), count) :: binary >>
end
input =
case input do
:eof -> ""
_ -> :unicode.characters_to_binary(input, encoding)
end
{result, %{s | input: input, output: output}}
end
end
defp do_get_until(chars, encoding, mod, fun, args, continuation \\ [], count \\ 0)
defp do_get_until('', encoding, mod, fun, args, continuation, count) do
case apply(mod, fun, [continuation, :eof | args]) do
{:done, result, rest} ->
{result, rest, count + 1}
{:more, next_continuation} ->
do_get_until('', encoding, mod, fun, args, next_continuation, count + 1)
end
end
defp do_get_until(chars, encoding, mod, fun, args, continuation, count) do
{line, rest} = collect_line(chars)
case apply(mod, fun, [continuation, line | args]) do
{:done, result, rest1} ->
unless rest1 == :eof do
rest = rest1 ++ rest
end
{result, rest, count + 1}
{:more, next_continuation} ->
do_get_until(rest, encoding, mod, fun, args, next_continuation, count + 1)
end
end
## io_requests
defp io_requests([r|rs], {:ok, s}) do
io_requests(rs, io_request(r, s))
end
defp io_requests(_, result) do
result
end
## helpers
defp collect_line(chars) do
collect_line(chars, [])
end
defp collect_line([], stack) do
{:lists.reverse(stack), []}
end
defp collect_line([?\r, ?\n | rest], stack) do
{:lists.reverse([?\n|stack]), rest}
end
defp collect_line([?\n | rest], stack) do
{:lists.reverse([?\n|stack]), rest}
end
defp collect_line([h|t], stack) do
collect_line(t, [h|stack])
end
defp io_reply(from, reply_as, reply) do
send from, {:io_reply, reply_as, reply}
end
defp to_reply(list) when is_list(list), do: IO.chardata_to_string(list)
defp to_reply(other), do: other
end
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@@ -1,405 +0,0 @@
defmodule Supervisor do
@moduledoc """
A behaviour module for implementing supervision functionality.
A supervisor is a process which supervises other processes called
child processes. Supervisors are used to build an hierarchical process
structure called a supervision tree, a nice way to structure fault-tolerant
applications.
A supervisor implemented using this module will have a standard set
of interface functions and include functionality for tracing and error
reporting. It will also fit into an supervision tree.
## Example
In order to define a supervisor, we need to first define a child process
that is going to be supervised. In order to do so, we will define a GenServer
that represents a stack:
defmodule Stack do
use GenServer
def start_link(state) do
GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, state, [name: :sup_stack])
end
def handle_call(:pop, _from, [h|t]) do
{:reply, h, t}
end
def handle_cast({:push, h}, t) do
{:noreply, [h|t]}
end
end
We can now define our supervisor and start it as follows:
# Import helpers for defining supervisors
import Supervisor.Spec
# We are going to supervise the Stack server which will
# be started with a single argument [:hello]
children = [
worker(Stack, [[:hello]])
]
# Start the supervisor with our one child
{:ok, pid} = Supervisor.start_link(children, strategy: :one_for_one)
Notice that when starting the GenServer, we have registered it
with name `:sup_stack`, which allows us to call it directly and
get what is on the stack:
GenServer.call(:sup_stack, :pop)
#=> :hello
GenServer.cast(:sup_stack, {:push, :world})
#=> :ok
GenServer.call(:sup_stack, :pop)
#=> :world
However, there is a bug in our stack server. If we call `:pop` and
the stack is empty, it is going to crash because no clause matches.
Let's try it:
GenServer.call(:sup_stack, :pop)
=ERROR REPORT====
Luckily, since the server is being supervised by a supervisor, the
supervisor will automatically start a new one, with the default stack
of `[:hello]` like before:
GenServer.call(:sup_stack, :pop) == :hello
Supervisors support different strategies; in the example above, we
have chosen `:one_for_one`. Furthermore, each supervisor can have many
workers and supervisors as children, each of them with their specific
configuration, shutdown values, and restart strategies.
Continue reading this moduledoc to learn more about supervision strategies
and then follow to the `Supervisor.Spec` module documentation to learn
about the specification for workers and supervisors.
## Module-based supervisors
In the example above, a supervisor was dynamically created by passing
the supervision structure to `start_link/2`. However, supervisors
can also be created by explicitly defining a supervision module:
defmodule MyApp.Supervisor do
use Supervisor
def start_link do
Supervisor.start_link(__MODULE__, [])
end
def init([]) do
children = [
worker(Stack, [[:hello]])
]
supervise(children, strategy: :one_for_one)
end
end
You may want to use a module-based supervisor if:
* You need to do some particular action on supervisor
initialization, like setting up a ETS table.
* You want to perform partial hot-code swapping of the
tree. For example, if you add or remove a children,
the module-based supervision will add and remove the
new children directly, while the dynamic supervision
requires the whole tree to be restarted in order to
perform such swaps.
## Strategies
* `:one_for_one` - if a child process terminates, only that
process is restarted.
* `:one_for_all` - if a child process terminates, all other child
processes are terminated and then all child processes (including
the terminated one) are restarted.
* `:rest_for_one` - if a child process terminates, the "rest" of
the child processes, i.e. the child processes after the terminated
one in start order, are terminated. Then the terminated child
process and the rest of the child processes are restarted.
* `:simple_one_for_one` - similar to `:one_for_one` but suits better
when dynamically attaching children. This strategy requires the
supervisor specification to contain only one child. Many functions
in this module behave slightly differently when this strategy is
used.
## Name Registration
A supervisor is bound to the same name registration rules as a `GenServer`.
Read more about it in the `GenServer` docs.
"""
@doc false
defmacro __using__(_) do
quote location: :keep do
@behaviour :supervisor
import Supervisor.Spec
end
end
@typedoc "Return values of `start_link` functions"
@type on_start :: {:ok, pid} | :ignore |
{:error, {:already_started, pid} | {:shutdown, term} | term}
@typedoc "Return values of `start_child` functions"
@type on_start_child :: {:ok, child} | {:ok, child, info :: term} |
{:error, {:already_started, child} | :already_present | term}
@type child :: pid | :undefined
@typedoc "The Supervisor name"
@type name :: atom | {:global, term} | {:via, module, term}
@typedoc "Options used by the `start*` functions"
@type options :: [name: name,
strategy: Supervisor.Spec.strategy,
max_restarts: non_neg_integer,
max_seconds: non_neg_integer]
@typedoc "The supervisor reference"
@type supervisor :: pid | name | {atom, node}
@doc """
Starts a supervisor with the given children.
A strategy is required to be given as an option. Furthermore,
the `:max_restarts` and `:max_seconds` value can be configured
as described in `Supervisor.Spec.supervise/2` docs.
The options can also be used to register a supervisor name.
the supported values are described under the `Name Registration`
section in the `GenServer` module docs.
If the supervisor and its child processes are successfully created
(i.e. if the start function of all child processes returns `{:ok, child}`,
`{:ok, child, info}`, or `:ignore`) the function returns
`{:ok, pid}`, where `pid` is the pid of the supervisor. If there
already exists a process with the specified name, the function returns
`{:error, {:already_started, pid}}`, where pid is the pid of that
process.
If any of the child process start functions fail or return an error tuple or
an erroneous value, the supervisor will first terminate all already
started child processes with reason `:shutdown` and then terminate
itself and return `{:error, {:shutdown, reason}}`.
Note that the `Supervisor` is linked to the parent process
and will exit not only on crashes but also if the parent process
exits with `:normal` reason.
"""
@spec start_link([tuple], options) :: on_start
def start_link(children, options) when is_list(children) do
spec = Supervisor.Spec.supervise(children, options)
start_link(Supervisor.Default, spec, options)
end
@doc """
Starts a supervisor module with the given `arg`.
To start the supervisor, the `init/1` callback will be invoked
in the given module. The `init/1` callback must return a
supervision specification which can be created with the help
of `Supervisor.Spec` module.
If the `init/1` callback returns `:ignore`, this function returns
`:ignore` as well and the supervisor terminates with reason `:normal`.
If it fails or returns an incorrect value, this function returns
`{:error, term}` where `term` is a term with information about the
error, and the supervisor terminates with reason `term`.
The `:name` option can also be given in order to register a supervisor
name, the supported values are described under the `Name Registration`
section in the `GenServer` module docs.
Other failure conditions are specified in `start_link/2` docs.
"""
@spec start_link(module, term, options) :: on_start
def start_link(module, arg, options \\ []) when is_list(options) do
case Keyword.get(options, :name) do
nil ->
:supervisor.start_link(module, arg)
atom when is_atom(atom) ->
:supervisor.start_link({:local, atom}, module, arg)
other when is_tuple(other) ->
:supervisor.start_link(other, module, arg)
end
end
@doc """
Dynamically adds and starts a child specification to the supervisor.
`child_spec` should be a valid child specification (unless the supervisor
is a `:simple_one_for_one` supervisor, see below). The child process will
be started as defined in the child specification.
In the case of `:simple_one_for_one`, the child specification defined in
the supervisor will be used and instead of a `child_spec`, an arbitrary list
of terms is expected. The child process will then be started by appending
the given list to the existing function arguments in the child specification.
If there already exists a child specification with the specified id,
`child_spec` is discarded and the function returns an error with `:already_started`
or `:already_present` if the corresponding child process is running or not.
If the child process start function returns `{:ok, child}` or `{:ok, child, info}`,
the child specification and pid is added to the supervisor and the function returns
the same value.
If the child process start function returns `:ignore, the child specification is
added to the supervisor, the pid is set to undefined and the function returns
`{:ok, :undefined}`.
If the child process start function returns an error tuple or an erroneous value,
or if it fails, the child specification is discarded and the function returns
`{:error, error}` where `error` is a term containing information about the error
and child specification.
"""
@spec start_child(supervisor, Supervisor.Spec.spec | [term]) :: on_start_child
def start_child(supervisor, child_spec_or_args) do
call(supervisor, {:start_child, child_spec_or_args})
end
@doc """
Terminates the given pid or child id.
If the supervisor is not a `simple_one_for_one`, the child id is expected
and the process, if there is one, is terminated; the child specification is
kept unless the child is temporary.
In case of a `simple_one_for_one` supervisor, a pid is expected. If the child
specification identifier is given instead of a `pid`, the function will
return `{:error, :simple_one_for_one}`.
A non-temporary child process may later be restarted by the supervisor. The child
process can also be restarted explicitly by calling `restart_child/2`. Use
`delete_child/2` to remove the child specification.
If successful, the function returns `:ok`. If there is no child specification or
pid, the function returns `{:error, :not_found}`.
"""
@spec terminate_child(supervisor, pid | Supervisor.Spec.child_id) :: :ok | {:error, error}
when error: :not_found | :simple_one_for_one
def terminate_child(supervisor, pid_or_child_id) do
call(supervisor, {:terminate_child, pid_or_child_id})
end
@doc """
Deletes the child specification identified by `child_id`.
The corresponding child process must not be running, use `terminate_child/2`
to terminate it.
If successful, the function returns `:ok`. This function may error with an
appropriate error tuple if the `child_id` is not found, or if the current
process is running or being restarted.
This operation is not supported by `simple_one_for_one` supervisors.
"""
@spec delete_child(supervisor, Supervisor.Spec.child_id) :: :ok | {:error, error}
when error: :not_found | :simple_one_for_one | :running | :restarting
def delete_child(supervisor, child_id) do
call(supervisor, {:delete_child, child_id})
end
@doc """
Restarts a child process identified by `child_id`.
The child specification must exist and the corresponding child process must not
be running.
Note that for temporary children, the child specification is automatically deleted
when the child terminates, and thus it is not possible to restart such children.
If the child process start function returns `{:ok, child}` or
`{:ok, child, info}`, the pid is added to the supervisor and the function returns
the same value.
If the child process start function returns `:ignore`, the pid remains set to
`:undefined` and the function returns `{:ok, :undefined}`.
This function may error with an appropriate error tuple if the `child_id` is not
found, or if the current process is running or being restarted.
If the child process start function returns an error tuple or an erroneous value,
or if it fails, the function returns `{:error, error}`.
This operation is not supported by `simple_one_for_one` supervisors.
"""
@spec restart_child(supervisor, Supervisor.Spec.child_id) ::
{:ok, child} | {:ok, child, term} | {:error, error}
when error: :not_found | :simple_one_for_one | :running | :restarting | term
def restart_child(supervisor, child_id) do
call(supervisor, {:restart_child, child_id})
end
@doc """
Returns a list with information about all children.
Note that calling this function when supervising a large number of children
under low memory conditions can cause an out of memory exception.
This function returns a list of tuples containing:
* `id` - as defined in the child specification or `:undefined` in the case
of a `simple_one_for_one` supervisor
* `child` - the pid of the corresponding child process, the atom
`:restarting` if the process is about to be restarted, or `:undefined` if
there is no such process
* `type` - `:worker` or `:supervisor` as defined in the child specification
* `modules` – as defined in the child specification
"""
@spec which_children(supervisor) ::
[{Supervisor.Spec.child_id | :undefined,
child | :restarting,
Supervisor.Spec.worker,
Supervisor.Spec.modules}]
def which_children(supervisor) do
call(supervisor, :which_children)
end
@doc """
Returns a map containing count values for the supervisor.
The map contains the following keys:
* `:specs` - the total count of children, dead or alive
* `:active` - the count of all actively running child processes managed by
this supervisor
* `:supervisors` - the count of all supervisors whether or not the child
process is still alive
* `:workers` - the count of all workers, whether or not the child process
is still alive
"""
@spec count_children(supervisor) ::
%{specs: non_neg_integer, active: non_neg_integer,
supervisors: non_neg_integer, workers: non_neg_integer}
def count_children(supervisor) do
call(supervisor, :count_children) |> :maps.from_list
end
@compile {:inline, call: 2}
defp call(supervisor, req) do
GenServer.call(supervisor, req, :infinity)
end
end

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