Release v0.14.3

Add precision to Float.ceil/1 & Float.floor/1

.gitignore

@@ -10,5 +10,4 @@
 /lib/elixir/test/ebin
 /rel/elixir
 erl_crash.dump
-.dialyzer_plt
-.dialyzer.base_plt
+.elixir.plt

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,18 +1,61 @@
 # Changelog
 
-## v0.14.3-dev
+## v0.14.3 (2014-07-12)
 
 * Enhancements
+  * [Access] Allow function access on `get_in/2` and `get_and_update_in/3`
+  * [Enum] Add `Enum.sort_by/3`
+  * [ExUnit] Match the line filter by proximity instead of exact match
+  * [Float] Support precision in `Float.ceil/1` and `Float.floor/1`
+  * [IO] Add `IO.(bin)read(device, :all)`
+  * [Kernel] Print a warning if a dangling `@doc` clause is found
+  * [Mix] Use absolute symbolic links on Windows for `_build` instead of copying
+  * [Mix] Add `Mix.compilers` that returns all default compilers used by mix tasks
+  * [Mix] Issue warning and reset mtime for source files from the future
+  * [Mix] Support task aliases in Mix
+  * [OptionParser] Add `OptionParser.split/1` that splits a string into argv
+  * [Record] Allow a record to be converted to a keyword list with `record(some_record)`
+  * [String] Improve performance of `String.split/1`
+  * [Typespec] Allow `%Struct{}` syntax to be used in typespecs
+  * [Typespec] Allow `record(:record, fields)` syntax to be used in typespecs
 
 * Bug fixes
-  * [Kernel] `|>`, `<<<`, `>>>` and `^^^` were made left associative in operator table
-  * [Kernel] `<`, `>`, `<=`, `>=` were given higher precedence than comparison ones (`==`, `!=`, etc) in operator table
+  * [IEx] Do not print ANSI sequences on `IEx.Helpers.clear/0` if ANSI sequences are not supported
+  * [Inspect] Ensure `Inspect.Algebra.to_doc/2` doesn't go into a loop when there is a failure printing a struct
+  * [Kernel] `|>`, `<<<`, `>>>` and `^^^` made left associative in operator table
+  * [Kernel] `<`, `>`, `<=`, `>=` given higher precedence than comparison operators (`==`, `!=`, etc) in the operator table
+  * [Kernel] Run command line and escripts in a process that does not trap exits
+  * [Kernel] Fix a bug where Mix paths had higher priority than CLI ones, causing protocol consolidations to not be properly loaded
+  * [Kernel] Fix wording on error messages when a check/guard always passes or always fails
+  * [Kernel] Fix a bug where an unused function warning was printed even when the function was used via `defoverridable`
+  * [Kernel] Improve typespecs so they don't generate supertype dialyzer warnings
+  * [Macro] `to_string` correctly displays sigils
+  * [Mix] Ensure Mix dependencies are not compiled every second time when `mix deps.compile` is invoked
+  * [Mix] Fix a bug where `Mix.shell.error/1` and friends choked when printing a map
+  * [Mix] Ensure multiple `@external_resource` entries are read by Mix compilers
+  * [Mix] Fix a bug where tasks for umbrella projects were not properly reenabled
+  * [Stream] Fix bug when `flat_map` is used inside another `flat_map` with an Enumerable
+  * [Typespec] Fix a bug where the `list` typespec was incorrectly rendered as `[]`
 
 * Soft deprecations (no warnings emitted)
+  * [Kernel] Using a list for bitstring modifiers is deprecated (as in `<<x :: [little, utf16]>>`), please use `-` as the separator instead (as in `<<x :: little-utf16>>`)
+  * [System] `System.cmd/1` is deprecated in favor of `System.cmd/3`
 
 * Deprecations
+  * [Mix] `mix escriptize` is deprecated in favor of `escript.build`
+  * [Mix] `mix local.install` and `mix local.uninstall` have been deprecated in favor of `mix archive.install` and `mix archive.uninstall` respectively
+  * [Mix] `:embed_extra_apps` for escripts is deprecated, instead list the dependencies inside `def application`
+  * [System] Giving a char list to `System.find_executable/1` is deprecated
 
 * Backwards incompatible changes
+  * [Access] No longer fill in missing intermediate values with empty maps
+  * [Float] `Float.ceil/2` and `Float.floor/2` now always returns floats and no longer accept integers
+  * [Kernel] `defstruct` no longer automatically defines a type
+  * [Kernel] `exit(integer)` is no longer supported from scripts to configure the exit signal. Use `exit({:shutdown, integer})` instead
+  * [Kernel] Default argument values have to be defined in a function head if the function has multiple clauses
+  * [Mix] `mix archive.build` replaces the functionality of `mix archive`, `mix archive` now lists locally installed archives
+  * [Mix] `Mix.shell.info/1` no longer automatically escape ANSI sequences. Instead if has to be explicitly enabled with the `ansi: true` option
+  * [OptionParser] `--no-SWITCH` are only allowed for declared booleans switches
 
 ## v0.14.2 (2014-06-29)
 
@@ -28,7 +71,7 @@
 
 * Bug fixes
   * [CLI] Support paths inside archives in `-pa` and `-pz` options
-  * [IEx] Remove delay when printing data from the an application start callback
+  * [IEx] Remove delay when printing data from the application start callback
   * [IEx] Ensure we show a consistent error when we cannot evaluate `.iex.exs`
   * [Kernel] Ensure derived protocols are defined with a file
   * [Kernel] Change precedence of `&` to not special case `/`
@@ -70,7 +113,7 @@
   * [URI] `encode/1` does not escape reserved/unreserved characters by default nor encodes whitespace as `+` (check `URI.encode_www_form/1` and `URI.decode_www_form/1` for previous behaviour)
 
 * Deprecations
-  * [Mix] `:escript_*` options were moved into a single `:escript` group
+  * [Mix] `:escript_*` options moved into a single `:escript` group
 
 * Backwards incompatible changes
   * [GenEvent] `GenEvent.stream/2` defaults to `:sync` mode

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -279,7 +279,6 @@ We have saved some excellent pull requests we have received in the past in case
 you are looking for some examples:
 
 * https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/pull/992
-* https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/pull/1041
 * https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/pull/1058
 * https://github.com/elixir-lang/elixir/pull/1059
 

Makefile

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ INSTALL_DIR = $(INSTALL) -m755 -d
 INSTALL_DATA = $(INSTALL) -m644
 INSTALL_PROGRAM = $(INSTALL) -m755
 
-.PHONY: install compile erlang elixir dialyze test clean docs release_docs release_zip check_erlang_release
+.PHONY: install compile erlang elixir build_plt clean_plt dialyze test clean docs release_docs release_zip check_erlang_release
 .NOTPARALLEL: compile
 
 #==> Functions
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ $(1): lib/$(1)/ebin/Elixir.$(2).beam lib/$(1)/ebin/$(1).app
 lib/$(1)/ebin/$(1).app: lib/$(1)/mix.exs
 	$(Q) mkdir -p lib/$(1)/_build/shared/lib/$(1)
 	$(Q) cp -R lib/$(1)/ebin lib/$(1)/_build/shared/lib/$(1)/
-	$(Q) cd lib/$(1) && ../../bin/elixir -e "Mix.start(:permanent, [])" -r mix.exs -e "Mix.Task.run('compile.app')"
+	$(Q) cd lib/$(1) && ../../bin/elixir -e 'Mix.start(:permanent, [])' -r mix.exs -e 'Mix.Task.run("compile.app")'
 	$(Q) cp lib/$(1)/_build/shared/lib/$(1)/ebin/$(1).app lib/$(1)/ebin/$(1).app
 	$(Q) rm -rf lib/$(1)/_build
 
@@ -175,14 +175,20 @@ test_stdlib: compile
 	$(Q) exec epmd & exit
 	$(Q) cd lib/elixir && ../../bin/elixir -r "test/elixir/test_helper.exs" -pr "test/elixir/**/*_test.exs";
 
-.dialyzer.base_plt:
-	@ echo "==> Adding Erlang/OTP basic applications to a new base PLT"
-	$(Q) dialyzer --output_plt .dialyzer.base_plt --build_plt --apps erts kernel stdlib compiler tools syntax_tools parsetools
+#==> Dialyzer tasks
 
-dialyze: .dialyzer.base_plt
-	$(Q) rm -f .dialyzer_plt
-	$(Q) cp .dialyzer.base_plt .dialyzer_plt
-	@ echo "==> Adding Elixir to PLT..."
-	$(Q) dialyzer --plt .dialyzer_plt --add_to_plt -r lib/elixir/ebin lib/ex_unit/ebin lib/eex/ebin lib/iex/ebin lib/mix/ebin
+DIALYZER_OPTS = --no_check_plt --fullpath -Werror_handling -Wunmatched_returns -Wrace_conditions -Wunderspecs
+PLT = .elixir.plt
+
+$(PLT):
+	@ echo "==> Building PLT with Elixir's dependencies..."
+	$(Q) dialyzer --output_plt $(PLT) --build_plt --apps erts kernel stdlib compiler syntax_tools parsetools tools ssl inets
+
+clean_plt:
+	$(Q) rm -f $(PLT)
+
+build_plt: clean_plt $(PLT)
+
+dialyze: compile $(PLT)
 	@ echo "==> Dialyzing Elixir..."
-	$(Q) dialyzer --plt .dialyzer_plt -r lib/elixir/ebin lib/ex_unit/ebin lib/eex/ebin lib/iex/ebin lib/mix/ebin
+	$(Q) dialyzer --plt $(PLT) $(DIALYZER_OPTS) lib/*/ebin 

VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-0.14.3-dev
+0.14.3

bin/elixir.bat

@@ -60,22 +60,22 @@ if "%par%"=="""" (
 )
 rem ******* EXECUTION OPTIONS **********************
 IF "%par%"==""+iex"" (Set useWerl=1)
-rem ******* ERLANG PARAMETERS **********************
-IF NOT "%par%"=="%par:--detached=%" (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -detached) 
-IF NOT "%par%"=="%par:--hidden=%"   (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -hidden)
-IF NOT "%par%"=="%par:--cookie=%"   (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -setcookie %1 && shift)
-IF NOT "%par%"=="%par:--sname=%"    (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -sname %1 && shift) 
-IF NOT "%par%"=="%par:--name=%"     (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -name %1 && shift) 
-IF NOT "%par%"=="%par:--erl=%"      (Set beforeExtra=%beforeExtra% %~1 && shift) 
 rem ******* elixir parameters **********************
 rem Note: we don't have to do anything with options that don't take an argument
-IF NOT "%par%"=="%par:-e=%"      (shift) 
-IF NOT "%par%"=="%par:-r=%"      (shift) 
-IF NOT "%par%"=="%par:-pr=%"     (shift) 
-IF NOT "%par%"=="%par:-pa=%"     (shift) 
-IF NOT "%par%"=="%par:-pz=%"     (shift) 
-IF NOT "%par%"=="%par:--app=%"   (shift) 
-IF NOT "%par%"=="%par:--remsh=%" (shift) 
+IF """"=="%par:-e=%"      (shift) 
+IF """"=="%par:-r=%"      (shift) 
+IF """"=="%par:-pr=%"     (shift) 
+IF """"=="%par:-pa=%"     (shift) 
+IF """"=="%par:-pz=%"     (shift) 
+IF """"=="%par:--app=%"   (shift) 
+IF """"=="%par:--remsh=%" (shift) 
+rem ******* ERLANG PARAMETERS **********************
+IF """"=="%par:--detached=%" (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -detached) 
+IF """"=="%par:--hidden=%"   (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -hidden)
+IF """"=="%par:--cookie=%"   (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -setcookie %1 && shift)
+IF """"=="%par:--sname=%"    (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -sname %1 && shift) 
+IF """"=="%par:--name=%"     (Set parsErlang=%parsErlang% -name %1 && shift) 
+IF """"=="%par:--erl=%"      (Set beforeExtra=%beforeExtra% %~1 && shift) 
 goto:startloop
 
 rem ******* assume all pre-params are parsed ********************

bin/mix.bat

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
 @echo off
-call "%~dp0\elixir.bat" "%~dp0\mix" %*
+call "%~dp0\elixir.bat" "%~dps0\mix" %*

lib/eex/lib/eex/engine.ex

@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@ defmodule EEx.Engine do
       end
 
   """
-  def handle_assign({:@, line, [{name, _, atom}]}) when is_atom(name) and is_atom(atom) do
+  def handle_assign({:@, meta, [{name, _, atom}]}) when is_atom(name) and is_atom(atom) do
+    line = meta[:line] || 0
     quote line: line, do: Dict.get(var!(assigns), unquote(name))
   end
 
@@ -98,7 +99,10 @@ defmodule EEx.Engine do
   def handle_expr(buffer, "=", expr) do
     quote do
       tmp = unquote(buffer)
-      tmp <> to_string(unquote(expr))
+      tmp <> (case unquote(expr) do
+        bin when is_binary(bin) -> bin
+        oth -> String.Chars.to_string(oth)
+      end)
     end
   end
 

lib/eex/test/eex/smart_engine_test.exs

@@ -19,6 +19,16 @@ defmodule EEx.SmartEngineTest do
     assert_eval "1\n2\n3\n", "<%= for x <- [1, 2, 3] do %><%= x %>\n<% end %>"
   end
 
+  test "compiled preserved line numbers" do
+    result = EEx.compile_string("<%= @hello %>", engine: EEx.SmartEngine)
+    Macro.prewalk(result, fn
+      {_left, meta, _right} ->
+        assert Keyword.get(meta, :line, 0) in [0, 1]
+      _ ->
+        :ok
+    end)
+  end
+
   defp assert_eval(expected, actual, binding \\ []) do
     result = EEx.eval_string(actual, binding, file: __ENV__.file)
     assert result == expected

lib/elixir/include/elixir.hrl

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 -record(elixir_quote, {
   line=false,
-  keep=false,
+  file=nil,
   context=nil,
   vars_hygiene=true,
   aliases_hygiene=true,

lib/elixir/lib/access.ex

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ defimpl Access, for: Map do
 
   def get_and_update!(other, key, _fun) do
     raise ArgumentError,
-      "could not update key #{inspect key}. Expected map/struct, got: #{inspect other}"
+      "could not put/update key #{inspect key}. Expected map/struct, got: #{inspect other}"
   end
 end
 
@@ -132,8 +132,9 @@ defimpl Access, for: Atom do
     undefined(atom)
   end
 
-  def get_and_update(nil, _, fun) do
-    fun.(nil)
+  def get_and_update(nil, key, _fun) do
+    raise ArgumentError,
+      "could not put/update key #{inspect key} on a nil value"
   end
 
   def get_and_update(atom, _key, _fun) do

lib/elixir/lib/code.ex

@@ -51,6 +51,23 @@ defmodule Code do
     :code.del_path(to_char_list(Path.expand path))
   end
 
+  @doc """
+  Re-add paths given to the command line to keep their position
+  on the overall code path.
+
+  Some tools may change the code path by prepending new items but
+  still want the paths given by the user to have higher priority.
+  Calling this function guarantees the paths are re-added on
+  top of the user given ones.
+  """
+  @spec readd_paths() :: :ok
+  def readd_paths() do
+    {pa, pz} = :elixir_code_server.call(:paths)
+    :code.add_pathsa(pa)
+    :code.add_pathsz(pz)
+    :ok
+  end
+
   @doc """
   Evaluate the contents given by `string`.
 

lib/elixir/lib/collectable.ex

@@ -85,8 +85,8 @@ defimpl Collectable, for: BitString do
 
   def into(original) do
     {original, fn
-      bitstring, {:cont, x} -> <<bitstring :: bits, x :: bits>>
-      bitstring, :done -> bitstring
+      acc, {:cont, x} when is_bitstring(x) -> [acc|x]
+      acc, :done -> IO.iodata_to_binary(acc)
       _, :halt -> :ok
     end}
   end

lib/elixir/lib/enum.ex

@@ -287,7 +287,6 @@ defmodule Enum do
       :none
 
   """
-  @spec at(t, integer) :: element | nil
   @spec at(t, integer, default) :: element | default
   def at(collection, n, default \\ nil) do
     case fetch(collection, n) do
@@ -330,7 +329,6 @@ defmodule Enum do
       [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
 
   """
-  @spec chunk(t, non_neg_integer, non_neg_integer) :: [list]
   @spec chunk(t, non_neg_integer, non_neg_integer, t | nil) :: [list]
   def chunk(coll, n, step, pad \\ nil) when n > 0 and step > 0 do
     limit = :erlang.max(n, step)
@@ -689,7 +687,6 @@ defmodule Enum do
       3
 
   """
-  @spec find(t, (element -> any)) :: element | nil
   @spec find(t, default, (element -> any)) :: element | default
   def find(collection, ifnone \\ nil, fun)
 
@@ -716,7 +713,6 @@ defmodule Enum do
       true
 
   """
-  @spec find_value(t, (element -> any)) :: any | :nil
   @spec find_value(t, any, (element -> any)) :: any | :nil
   def find_value(collection, ifnone \\ nil, fun)
 
@@ -931,7 +927,6 @@ defmodule Enum do
       "1 = 2 = 3"
 
   """
-  @spec join(t) :: String.t
   @spec join(t, String.t) :: String.t
   def join(collection, joiner \\ "")
 
@@ -990,7 +985,6 @@ defmodule Enum do
       "2 = 4 = 6"
 
   """
-  @spec map_join(t, (element -> any)) :: String.t
   @spec map_join(t, String.t, (element -> any)) :: String.t
   def map_join(collection, joiner \\ "", mapper)
 
@@ -1568,6 +1562,46 @@ defmodule Enum do
     reduce(collection, [], &sort_reducer(&1, &2, fun)) |> sort_terminator(fun)
   end
 
+  @doc """
+  Sorts the mapped results of the `collection` according to the `sorter` function.
+
+  This function maps each element of the collection using the `mapper`
+  function.  The collection is then sorted by the mapped elements using the
+  `sorter` function, which defaults to `<=/2`
+
+  `sort_by/3` differs from `sort/2` in that it only calculates the comparison
+  value for each element in the collection once instead of once for each
+  element in each comparison.  If the same function is being called on both
+  element, it's also more compact to use `sort_by/3`.
+
+  This technique is also known as a
+  [Schwartzian Transform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartzian_transform),
+  or the Lisp decorate-sort-undecorate idiom as the `mapper` is decorating the
+  original `collection`, then `sorter` is sorting the decorations, and finally
+  the `collection` is being undecorated so only the original elements remain,
+  but now in sorted order.
+
+  ## Examples
+
+  Using the default `sorter` of `<=/2`:
+
+      iex> Enum.sort_by ["some", "kind", "of", "monster"], &byte_size/1
+      ["of", "some", "kind", "monster"]
+
+  Using a custom `sorter` to override the order:
+
+      iex> Enum.sort_by ["some", "kind", "of", "monster"], &byte_size/1, &>=/2
+      ["monster", "some", "kind", "of"]
+
+  """
+  @spec sort_by(t, (element -> mapped_element), (mapped_element, mapped_element -> boolean)) :: list when mapped_element: element
+  def sort_by(collection, mapper, sorter \\ &<=/2) do
+    collection 
+    |> map(&{&1, mapper.(&1)})
+    |> sort(&sorter.(elem(&1, 1), elem(&2, 1)))
+    |> map(&elem(&1, 0))
+  end
+
   @doc """
   Splits the enumerable into two collections, leaving `count`
   elements in the first one. If `count` is a negative number,

lib/elixir/lib/exception.ex

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ defmodule Exception do
   format exceptions as in the current Elixir version being used.
   """
 
-  @typedoc "The exception type (as generated by defexception)"
+  @typedoc "The exception type"
   @type t :: %{__struct__: module, __exception__: true}
 
   @typedoc "The kind handled by formatting functions"
@@ -482,6 +482,7 @@ end
 defmodule RuntimeError do
   defexception message: "runtime error"
 
+  @spec exception(String.t) :: Exception.t
   def exception(msg) when is_binary(msg) do
     %RuntimeError{message: msg}
   end
@@ -494,6 +495,7 @@ end
 defmodule ArgumentError do
   defexception message: "argument error"
 
+  @spec exception(String.t) :: Exception.t
   def exception(msg) when is_binary(msg) do
     %ArgumentError{message: msg}
   end

lib/elixir/lib/file.ex

@@ -308,11 +308,15 @@ defmodule File do
   def touch(path, time \\ :calendar.local_time) do
     path = IO.chardata_to_string(path)
     case F.change_time(path, time) do
-      {:error, :enoent} ->
-        write(path, "")
-        F.change_time(path, time)
-      other ->
-        other
+      {:error, :enoent} -> touch_new(path, time)
+      other -> other
+    end
+  end
+
+  defp touch_new(path, time) do
+    case write(path, "", [:append]) do
+      :ok -> F.change_time(path, time)
+      {:error, _reason} = error -> error
     end
   end
 
@@ -548,7 +552,8 @@ defmodule File do
         [dest|acc]
       {:error, :eexist} ->
         if callback.(src, dest) do
-          rm(dest)
+          # If rm/1 fails, copy/2 will fail
+          _ = rm(dest)
           case copy(src, dest) do
             {:ok, _} ->
               copy_file_mode!(src, dest)
@@ -569,7 +574,8 @@ defmodule File do
         [dest|acc]
       {:error, :eexist} ->
         if callback.(src, dest) do
-          rm(dest)
+          # If rm/1 fails, iF.make_symlink/2 will fail
+          _ = rm(dest)
           case F.make_symlink(link, dest) do
             :ok -> [dest|acc]
             {:error, reason} -> {:error, reason, src}
@@ -665,14 +671,20 @@ defmodule File do
     if match? {:win32, _}, :os.type do
       case F.read_file_info(IO.chardata_to_string(path)) do
         {:ok, file_info} when elem(file_info, 3) in [:read, :none] ->
-          File.chmod(path, (elem(file_info, 7) + 0200))
-          F.delete(path)
+          change_mode_windows(path, file_info)
         _ ->
           nil
       end
     end
   end
 
+  defp change_mode_windows(path, file_info) do
+    case File.chmod(path, (elem(file_info, 7) + 0200)) do
+      :ok -> F.delete(path)
+      {:error, _reason} = error -> error
+    end
+  end
+
   @doc """
   Same as `rm/1`, but raises an exception in case of failure. Otherwise `:ok`.
   """

lib/elixir/lib/file/stat.ex

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ defmodule File.Stat do
   pairs  = :lists.zip(keys, vals)
 
   defstruct keys
+  @type t :: %__MODULE__{}
 
   @doc """
   Converts a `File.Stat` struct to a `:file_info` record.

lib/elixir/lib/file/stream.ex

@@ -13,6 +13,8 @@ defmodule File.Stream do
 
   defstruct path: nil, modes: [], line_or_bytes: :line, raw: true
 
+  @type t :: %__MODULE__{}
+
   @doc false
   def __build__(path, modes, line_or_bytes) do
     raw = :lists.keyfind(:encoding, 1, modes) == false
@@ -55,10 +57,14 @@ defmodule File.Stream do
             false -> IO.write(device, x)
           end
         :ok, :done ->
-          :file.close(device)
+          # If delayed_write option is used and the last write failed will
+          # MatchError here as {:error, _} is returned.
+          :ok = :file.close(device)
           stream
         :ok, :halt ->
-          :file.close(device)
+          # If delayed_write option is used and the last write failed will
+          # MatchError here as {:error, _} is returned.
+          :ok = :file.close(device)
       end
     end
   end

lib/elixir/lib/float.ex

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import Kernel, except: [round: 1]
+
 defmodule Float do
   @moduledoc """
   Functions for working with floating point numbers.
@@ -99,57 +101,71 @@ defmodule Float do
   @doc """
   Rounds a float to the largest integer less than or equal to `num`.
 
+  Floor also accepts a precision to round a floating point value down
+  to an arbitrary number of fractional digits (between 0 and 15).
+
+  This function always returns floats. One may use `Kernel.trunc/1` to
+  truncate the result to an integer afterwards.
+
   ## Examples
 
-      iex> Float.floor(34)
-      34
-
       iex> Float.floor(34.25)
-      34
+      34.0
 
       iex> Float.floor(-56.5)
-      -57
+      -57.0
+
+      iex> Float.floor(34.253, 2)
+      34.25
 
   """
-  @spec floor(float | integer) :: integer
-  def floor(num) when is_integer(num), do: num
-  def floor(num) when is_float(num) do
-    truncated = :erlang.trunc(num)
-    case :erlang.abs(num - truncated) do
-      x when x > 0 and num < 0 -> truncated - 1
-      _ -> truncated
-    end
+  @spec floor(float, 0..15) :: float
+  def floor(number, precision \\ 0) when is_float(number) and precision in 0..15 do
+    power     = power_of_10(precision)
+    number    = number * power
+    truncated = trunc(number)
+    variance  = if number - truncated < 0, do: -1.0, else: 0.0
+    (truncated + variance) / power
   end
 
   @doc """
   Rounds a float to the largest integer greater than or equal to `num`.
 
+  Ceil also accepts a precision to round a floating point value down to
+  an arbitrary number of fractional digits (between 0 and 15).
+
+  This function always returns floats. One may use `Kernel.trunc/1` to
+  truncate the result to an integer afterwards.
+
   ## Examples
 
-      iex> Float.ceil(34)
-      34
-
       iex> Float.ceil(34.25)
-      35
+      35.0
 
       iex> Float.ceil(-56.5)
-      -56
+      -56.0
+
+      iex> Float.ceil(34.253, 2)
+      34.26
 
   """
-  @spec ceil(float | integer) :: integer
-  def ceil(num) when is_integer(num), do: num
-  def ceil(num) when is_float(num) do
-    truncated = :erlang.trunc(num)
-    case :erlang.abs(num - truncated) do
-      x when x > 0 and num > 0 -> truncated + 1
-      _ -> truncated
-    end
+  @spec ceil(float, 0..15) :: float
+  def ceil(number, precision \\ 0) when is_float(number) and precision in 0..15 do
+    power     = power_of_10(precision)
+    number    = number * power
+    truncated = trunc(number)
+    variance  = if number - truncated > 0, do: 1.0, else: 0.0
+    (truncated + variance) / power
   end
 
   @doc """
   Rounds a floating point value to an arbitrary number of fractional digits
   (between 0 and 15).
 
+  This function only accepts floats and returns floats. Use `Kernel.round/1`
+  if you want a function that accepts both floats and integers and always
+  returns an integer.
+
   ## Examples
 
       iex> Float.round(5.5674, 3)
@@ -165,9 +181,15 @@ defmodule Float do
       -5.568
 
   """
-  @spec round(float, integer) :: float
-  def round(number, precision) when is_float(number) and is_integer(precision) and precision in 0..15 do
-    Kernel.round(number * :math.pow(10, precision)) / :math.pow(10, precision)
+  @spec round(float, 0..15) :: float
+  def round(number, precision \\ 0) when is_float(number) and precision in 0..15 do
+    power = power_of_10(precision)
+    Kernel.round(number * power) / power
+  end
+
+  Enum.reduce 0..15, 1, fn x, acc ->
+    defp power_of_10(unquote(x)), do: unquote(acc)
+    acc * 10
   end
 
   @doc """

lib/elixir/lib/gen_event.ex

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ defmodule GenEvent do
   ## Example
 
   There are many use cases for event handlers. For example, a logging
-  system can be built using event handlers where which log message is
+  system can be built using event handlers where each log message is
   an event and different event handlers can be plugged to handle the
   log messages. One handler may print error messages on the terminal,
   another can write it to a file, while a third one can keep the
@@ -164,6 +164,16 @@ defmodule GenEvent do
   @typedoc "Supported values for new handlers"
   @type handler :: module | {module, term}
 
+  @typedoc "The subscription mode"
+  @type mode :: :sync | :async
+
+  @type t :: %__MODULE__{
+               manager: manager,
+               id: term,
+               timeout: timeout,
+               duration: timeout,
+               mode: mode}
+
   @doc """
   Defines a `GenEvent` stream.
 
@@ -387,7 +397,7 @@ defmodule GenEvent do
   def cancel_streams(%GenEvent{manager: manager, id: id}) do
     handlers = :gen_event.which_handlers(manager)
 
-    for {Enumerable.GenEvent, {handler_id, _}} = ref <- handlers,
+    _ = for {Enumerable.GenEvent, {handler_id, _}} = ref <- handlers,
         handler_id === id do
       :gen_event.delete_handler(manager, ref, :remove_handler)
     end

lib/elixir/lib/hash_dict.ex

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ defmodule HashDict do
   @node_size 8
   @node_template :erlang.make_tuple(@node_size, [])
 
-  @opaque t :: map
+  @opaque t :: %__MODULE__{size: non_neg_integer, root: term}
   @doc false
   defstruct size: 0, root: @node_template
 

lib/elixir/lib/hash_set.ex

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ defmodule HashSet do
   @node_size 8
   @node_template :erlang.make_tuple(@node_size, [])
 
-  @opaque t :: map
+  @opaque t :: %__MODULE__{size: non_neg_integer, root: term}
   @doc false
   defstruct size: 0, root: @node_template
 

lib/elixir/lib/inspect/algebra.ex

@@ -32,12 +32,20 @@ defmodule Inspect.Opts do
     * `:width` - defaults to the 80 characters.
   """
 
-  defstruct structs: true :: boolean,
-            binaries: :infer :: :infer | :as_binaries | :as_strings,
-            char_lists: :infer :: :infer | :as_lists | :as_char_lists,
-            limit: 50 :: pos_integer,
-            width: 80 :: pos_integer | :infinity,
-            pretty: false :: boolean
+  defstruct structs: true,
+            binaries: :infer,
+            char_lists: :infer,
+            limit: 50,
+            width: 80,
+            pretty: false
+
+  @type t :: %__MODULE__{
+               structs: boolean,
+               binaries: :infer | :as_binaries | :as_strings,
+               char_lists: :infer | :as_lists | :as_char_lists,
+               limit: pos_integer,
+               width: pos_integer | :infinity,
+               pretty: boolean}
 end
 
 defmodule Inspect.Algebra do
@@ -170,10 +178,25 @@ defmodule Inspect.Algebra do
         Inspect.inspect(map, opts)
       rescue
         e ->
-          res = Inspect.Map.inspect(map, opts)
-          raise ArgumentError,
-            "Got #{inspect e.__struct__} with message " <>
-            "\"#{Exception.message(e)}\" while inspecting #{pretty(res, opts.width)}"
+          # Because we try to raise a nice error message in case
+          # we can't inspect a struct, there is a chance the error
+          # message itself relies on the struct being printed, so
+          # we need to trap the inspected messages to guarantee
+          # we won't try to render any failed instruct when building
+          # the error message.
+          if Process.get(:inspect_trap) do
+            Inspect.Map.inspect(map, opts)
+          else
+            try do
+              Process.put(:inspect_trap, true)
+              res = Inspect.Map.inspect(map, opts)
+              raise ArgumentError,
+                "Got #{inspect e.__struct__} with message " <>
+                "\"#{Exception.message(e)}\" while inspecting #{pretty(res, opts.width)}"
+            after
+              Process.delete(:inspect_trap)
+            end
+          end
       end
     else
       Inspect.Map.inspect(map, opts)

lib/elixir/lib/integer.ex

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ defmodule Integer do
       '7'
 
   """
-  @spec to_char_list(integer) :: list
+  @spec to_char_list(integer) :: char_list
   def to_char_list(number) do
     :erlang.integer_to_list(number)
   end
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ defmodule Integer do
       '3FF'
 
   """
-  @spec to_char_list(integer, pos_integer) :: list
+  @spec to_char_list(integer, pos_integer) :: char_list
   def to_char_list(number, base) do
     :erlang.integer_to_list(number, base)
   end

lib/elixir/lib/io.ex

@@ -43,8 +43,10 @@ defmodule IO do
   end
 
   @doc """
-  Reads `count` characters from the IO device or until
-  the end of the line if `:line` is given. It returns:
+  Reads `count` characters from the IO device, a whole
+  `:line` or the whole device with `:all`.
+
+  It returns:
 
     * `data` - the input characters
 
@@ -53,10 +55,17 @@ defmodule IO do
     * `{:error, reason}` - other (rare) error condition;
       for instance, `{:error, :estale}` if reading from an
       NFS volume
+
+  If `:all` is given, `:eof` is never returned, but an
+  empty string in case the device has reached EOF.
   """
-  @spec read(device, :line | non_neg_integer) :: chardata | nodata
+  @spec read(device, :all | :line | non_neg_integer) :: chardata | nodata
   def read(device \\ group_leader, chars_or_line)
 
+  def read(device, :all) do
+    do_read_all(map_dev(device), "")
+  end
+
   def read(device, :line) do
     :io.get_line(map_dev(device), '')
   end
@@ -65,9 +74,19 @@ defmodule IO do
     :io.get_chars(map_dev(device), '', count)
   end
 
+  defp do_read_all(mapped_dev, acc) do
+    case :io.get_line(mapped_dev, "") do
+      line when is_binary(line) -> do_read_all(mapped_dev, acc <> line)
+      :eof -> acc
+      other -> other
+    end
+  end
+
   @doc """
-  Reads `count` bytes from the IO device or until
-  the end of the line if `:line` is given. It returns:
+  Reads `count` characters from the IO device, a whole
+  `:line` or the whole device with `:all`.
+
+  It returns:
 
     * `data` - the input characters
 
@@ -76,10 +95,20 @@ defmodule IO do
     * `{:error, reason}` - other (rare) error condition;
       for instance, `{:error, :estale}` if reading from an
       NFS volume
+
+  If `:all` is given, `:eof` is never returned, but an
+  empty string in case the device has reached EOF.
+
+  Note: do not use this function on IO devices in unicode mode
+  as it will return the wrong result.
   """
-  @spec binread(device, :line | non_neg_integer) :: iodata | nodata
+  @spec binread(device, :all | :line | non_neg_integer) :: iodata | nodata
   def binread(device \\ group_leader, chars_or_line)
 
+  def binread(device, :all) do
+    do_binread_all(map_dev(device), "")
+  end
+
   def binread(device, :line) do
     case :file.read_line(map_dev(device)) do
       {:ok, data} -> data
@@ -94,6 +123,14 @@ defmodule IO do
     end
   end
 
+  defp do_binread_all(mapped_dev, acc) do
+    case :file.read_line(mapped_dev) do
+      {:ok, data} -> do_binread_all(mapped_dev, acc <> data)
+      :eof -> acc
+      other -> other
+    end
+  end
+
   @doc """
   Writes the given argument to the given device.
 
@@ -119,6 +156,9 @@ defmodule IO do
   as a binary, no unicode conversion happens.
 
   Check `write/2` for more information.
+
+  Note: do not use this function on IO devices in unicode mode
+  as it will return the wrong result.
   """
   @spec binwrite(device, iodata) :: :ok | {:error, term}
   def binwrite(device \\ group_leader(), item) when is_iodata(item) do
@@ -263,6 +303,9 @@ defmodule IO do
 
   Note that an IO stream has side effects and every time
   you go over the stream you may get different results.
+
+  Finally, do not use this function on IO devices in unicode
+  mode as it will return the wrong result.
   """
   @spec binstream(device, :line | pos_integer) :: Enumerable.t
   def binstream(device, line_or_bytes) do

lib/elixir/lib/io/stream.ex

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ defmodule IO.Stream do
 
   defstruct device: nil, raw: true, line_or_bytes: :line
 
+  @type t :: %__MODULE__{}
+
   @doc false
   def __build__(device, raw, line_or_bytes) do
     %IO.Stream{device: device, raw: raw, line_or_bytes: line_or_bytes}

lib/elixir/lib/kernel.ex

@@ -150,9 +150,9 @@ defmodule Kernel do
       3
 
   """
-  @spec byte_size(bitstring) :: non_neg_integer
-  def byte_size(bitstring) do
-    :erlang.byte_size(bitstring)
+  @spec byte_size(binary) :: non_neg_integer
+  def byte_size(binary) do
+    :erlang.byte_size(binary)
   end
 
   @doc """
@@ -183,9 +183,56 @@ defmodule Kernel do
 
   ## Examples
 
+  When a process reaches its end, by default it exits with
+  reason `:normal`. You can also call it explicitly if you
+  want to terminate a process but not signal any failure:
+
       exit(:normal)
+
+  In case something goes wrong, you can also use `exit/1` with
+  a different reason:
+
       exit(:seems_bad)
 
+  If the reason is not `:normal`, all linked process to the
+  exited process will crash (unless they are trapping exits).
+
+  ## OTP exits
+
+  Exits are used by OTP to determine if a process exited abnormally
+  or not. The following exits are considered "normal":
+
+    * `exit(:normal)`
+    * `exit(:shutdown)`
+    * `exit({:shutdown, term})`
+
+  Exiting with any other reason is considered abnormal and treated
+  as a crash. This means the default supervisor behaviour kicks in,
+  error reports are emitted, etc.
+
+  This behaviour is relied on in many different places. For example,
+  `ExUnit` uses `exit(:shutdown)` when exiting the test process to
+  signal linked processes, supervision trees and so on to politely
+  shutdown too.
+
+  ## CLI exits
+
+  Building on top of the exit signals mentioned above, if the
+  process started by the command line exits with any of the three
+  reasons above, its exit is considered normal and the Operating
+  System process will exit with status 0.
+
+  It is, however, possible to customize the Operating System exit
+  signal by invoking:
+
+      exit({:shutdown, integer})
+
+  This will cause the OS process to exit with the status given by
+  `integer` while signaling all linked OTP processes to politely
+  shutdown.
+
+  Any other exit reason will cause the OS process to exit with
+  status `1` and linked OTP processes to crash.
   """
   @spec exit(term) :: no_return
   def exit(reason) do
@@ -1453,7 +1500,16 @@ defmodule Kernel do
   Gets a value from a nested structure.
 
   Uses the `Access` protocol to traverse the structures
-  according to the given `keys`.
+  according to the given `keys`, unless the `key` is a
+  function.
+
+  If a key is a function, the function will be invoked
+  passing three arguments, the operation (`:get`), the
+  data to be accessed, and a function to be invoked next.
+
+  This means `get_in/2` can be extended to provide
+  custom lookups. The downside is that functions cannot be
+  stored as keys in the accessed data structures.
 
   ## Examples
 
@@ -1468,18 +1524,44 @@ defmodule Kernel do
       iex> get_in(users, ["unknown", :age])
       nil
 
+  When one of the keys is a function, the function is invoked.
+  In the example below, we use a function to get all the maps
+  inside a list:
+
+      iex> users = [%{name: "josé", age: 27}, %{name: "eric", age: 23}]
+      iex> all = fn :get, data, next -> Enum.map(data, next) end
+      iex> get_in(users, [all, :age])
+      [27, 23]
+
+  If the previous value before invoking the function is nil,
+  the function *will* receive nil as a value and must handle it
+  accordingly.
   """
   @spec get_in(Access.t, nonempty_list(term)) :: term
   def get_in(data, keys)
-  def get_in(nil, list) when is_list(list), do: nil
-  def get_in(data, [h]),                    do: Access.get(data, h)
-  def get_in(data, [h|t]),                  do: get_in(Access.get(data, h), t)
+
+  def get_in(data, [h]) when is_function(h),
+    do: h.(:get, data, &(&1))
+  def get_in(data, [h|t]) when is_function(h),
+    do: h.(:get, data, &get_in(&1, t))
+
+  def get_in(nil, [_]),
+    do: nil
+  def get_in(nil, [_|t]),
+    do: get_in(nil, t)
+
+  def get_in(data, [h]),
+    do: Access.get(data, h)
+  def get_in(data, [h|t]),
+    do: get_in(Access.get(data, h), t)
 
   @doc """
   Puts a value in a nested structure.
 
   Uses the `Access` protocol to traverse the structures
-  according to the given `keys`.
+  according to the given `keys`, unless the `key` is a
+  function. If the key is a function, it will be invoked
+  as specified in `get_and_update_in/3`.
 
   ## Examples
 
@@ -1487,13 +1569,8 @@ defmodule Kernel do
       iex> put_in(users, ["josé", :age], 28)
       %{"josé" => %{age: 28}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
 
-  In case any of entries in the middle returns `nil`, a map is dynamically
-  created:
-
-      iex> users = %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
-      iex> put_in(users, ["dave", :age], 13)
-      %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}, "dave" => %{age: 13}}
-
+  In case any of entries in the middle returns `nil`,
+  an error will be raised when trying to access it next.
   """
   @spec put_in(Access.t, nonempty_list(term), term) :: Access.t
   def put_in(data, keys, value) do
@@ -1504,7 +1581,9 @@ defmodule Kernel do
   Updates a key in a nested structure.
 
   Uses the `Access` protocol to traverse the structures
-  according to the given `keys`.
+  according to the given `keys`, unless the `key` is a
+  function. If the key is a function, it will be invoked
+  as specified in `get_and_update_in/3`.
 
   ## Examples
 
@@ -1512,13 +1591,8 @@ defmodule Kernel do
       iex> update_in(users, ["josé", :age], &(&1 + 1))
       %{"josé" => %{age: 28}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
 
-  In case any of entries in the middle returns `nil`, a map is dynamically
-  created:
-
-      iex> users = %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
-      iex> update_in(users, ["dave", :age], &((&1 || 0) + 1))
-      %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}, "dave" => %{age: 1}}
-
+  In case any of entries in the middle returns `nil`,
+  an error will be raised when trying to access it next.
   """
   @spec update_in(Access.t, nonempty_list(term), (term -> term)) :: Access.t
   def update_in(data, keys, fun) do
@@ -1528,9 +1602,20 @@ defmodule Kernel do
   @doc """
   Gets a value and updates a nested structure.
 
-  It expects a tuple to be returned, containing the value retrieved
-  and the update one. Uses the `Access` protocol to traverse the
-  structures according to the given `keys`.
+  It expects a tuple to be returned, containing the value
+  retrieved and the update one.
+
+  Uses the `Access` protocol to traverse the structures
+  according to the given `keys`, unless the `key` is a
+  function.
+
+  If a key is a function, the function will be invoked
+  passing three arguments, the operation (`:get_and_update`),
+  the data to be accessed, and a function to be invoked next.
+
+  This means `get_and_update_in/3` can be extended to provide
+  custom lookups. The downside is that functions cannot be stored
+  as keys in the accessed data structures.
 
   ## Examples
 
@@ -1543,23 +1628,34 @@ defmodule Kernel do
       iex> get_and_update_in(users, ["josé", :age], &{&1, &1 + 1})
       {27, %{"josé" => %{age: 28}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}}
 
-  In case any of entries in the middle returns `nil`, a map is dynamically
-  created:
+  When one of the keys is a function, the function is invoked.
+  In the example below, we use a function to get and increment all
+  ages inside a list:
 
-      iex> users = %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
-      iex> get_and_update_in(users, ["dave", :age], &{&1, 13})
-      {nil, %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}, "dave" => %{age: 13}}}
+      iex> users = [%{name: "josé", age: 27}, %{name: "eric", age: 23}]
+      iex> all = fn :get_and_update, data, next ->
+      ...>   Enum.map(data, next) |> List.unzip() |> List.to_tuple()
+      ...> end
+      iex> get_and_update_in(users, [all, :age], &{&1, &1 + 1})
+      {[27, 23], [%{name: "josé", age: 28}, %{name: "eric", age: 24}]}
 
+  If the previous value before invoking the function is nil,
+  the function *will* receive `nil` as a value and must handle it
+  accordingly (be it by failing or providing a sane default).
   """
   @spec get_and_update_in(Access.t, nonempty_list(term),
                           (term -> {get, term})) :: {get, Access.t} when get: var
   def get_and_update_in(data, keys, fun)
 
-  def get_and_update_in(nil, list, fun), do: get_and_update_in(%{}, list, fun)
-  def get_and_update_in(data, [h], fun), do: Access.get_and_update(data, h, fun)
-  def get_and_update_in(data, [h|t], fun) do
-    Access.get_and_update(data, h, &get_and_update_in(&1, t, fun))
-  end
+  def get_and_update_in(data, [h], fun) when is_function(h),
+    do: h.(:get_and_update, data, fun)
+  def get_and_update_in(data, [h|t], fun) when is_function(h),
+    do: h.(:get_and_update, data, &get_and_update_in(&1, t, fun))
+
+  def get_and_update_in(data, [h], fun),
+    do: Access.get_and_update(data, h, fun)
+  def get_and_update_in(data, [h|t], fun),
+    do: Access.get_and_update(data, h, &get_and_update_in(&1, t, fun))
 
   @doc """
   Puts a value in a nested structure via the given `path`.
@@ -1645,7 +1741,7 @@ defmodule Kernel do
   ## Examples
 
       iex> users = %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
-      iex> get_and_update_in(users["josé"][:age], &{&1, &1 + 1})
+      iex> get_and_update_in(users["josé"].age, &{&1, &1 + 1})
       {27, %{"josé" => %{age: 28}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}}
 
   ## Paths
@@ -1714,7 +1810,7 @@ defmodule Kernel do
 
   defp unnest(other, [], kind) do
     raise ArgumentError,
-      "expected expression given to #{kind} to access at least one field, got: #{Macro.to_string other}"
+      "expected expression given to #{kind} to access at least one element, got: #{Macro.to_string other}"
   end
 
   defp unnest(other, acc, kind) do
@@ -1723,7 +1819,7 @@ defmodule Kernel do
       false ->
         raise ArgumentError,
           "expression given to #{kind} must start with a variable, local or remote call " <>
-          "and be followed by field access, got: #{Macro.to_string other}"
+          "and be followed by an element access, got: #{Macro.to_string other}"
     end
   end
 
@@ -1894,10 +1990,7 @@ defmodule Kernel do
 
         case is_list(args) and length(args) == 1 and typespec(name) do
           false ->
-            case name == :typedoc and not bootstraped?(Kernel.Typespec) do
-              true  -> nil
-              false -> do_at(args, name, function?, __CALLER__)
-            end
+            do_at(args, name, function?, __CALLER__)
           macro ->
             case bootstraped?(Kernel.Typespec) do
               false -> nil
@@ -2561,7 +2654,7 @@ defmodule Kernel do
 
           # Generate the alias for this module definition
           {new, old} = module_nesting(env.module, full)
-          meta = [defined: full, context: true] ++ alias_meta(alias)
+          meta = [defined: full, context: env.module] ++ alias_meta(alias)
 
           {full, {:alias, meta, [old, [as: new, warn: false]]}}
         false ->
@@ -2819,28 +2912,48 @@ defmodule Kernel do
 
   ## Types
 
-  `defstruct` automatically generates a type `t` unless one exists.
-  The following definition:
+  It is recommended to define types for structs, by convention this type
+  is called `t`. To define a struct in a type the struct literal syntax
+  is used:
 
       defmodule User do
-        defstruct name: "José" :: String.t,
-                  age: 25 :: integer
+        defstruct name: "José", age: 25
+        @type t :: %User{name: String.t, age: integer}
       end
 
-  Generates a type as follows:
+  It is recommended to only use the struct syntax when defining the struct's
+  type. When referring to another struct use `User.t`, not `%User{}`. Fields
+  in the struct not included in the type defaults to `term`.
 
-      @type t :: %User{name: String.t, age: integer}
-
-  In case a struct does not declare a field type, it defaults to `term`.
+  Private structs that are not used outside its module should use the private
+  type attribute `@typep`. Public structs whose internal structure is private
+  to the local module (you are not allowed to pattern match it or directly
+  access fields) should use the `@opaque` attribute. Structs whose internal
+  structure is public should use `@type`.
   """
-  defmacro defstruct(kv) do
-    {fields, types} = split_fields_and_types(kv)
+  defmacro defstruct(fields) do
+    {fields, types} = split_fields_and_types(fields)
+
+    types =
+      case types do
+        true ->
+          stacktrace = Exception.format_stacktrace(Macro.Env.stacktrace(__CALLER__))
+          IO.write :stderr, "warning: passing types to struct fields with :: is deprecated, " <>
+                   "please define a type explicitly instead\n#{stacktrace}"
+          quote do
+            unless Kernel.Typespec.defines_type?(__MODULE__, :t, 0) do
+              @type t :: %{__struct__: __MODULE__}
+            end
+          end
+        false ->
+          :ok
+      end
 
     fields =
       quote bind_quoted: [fields: fields] do
         fields = :lists.map(fn
-          { key, _ } = pair when is_atom(key) -> pair
-          key when is_atom(key) -> { key, nil }
+          {key, _} = pair when is_atom(key) -> pair
+          key when is_atom(key) -> {key, nil}
           other -> raise ArgumentError, "struct field names must be atoms, got: #{inspect other}"
         end, fields)
 
@@ -2853,33 +2966,12 @@ defmodule Kernel do
             Protocol.__derive__(derive, __MODULE__, __ENV__)
         end
 
-        @spec __struct__() :: t
+        @spec __struct__() :: %__MODULE__{}
         def __struct__() do
           @struct
         end
       end
 
-    types =
-      case bootstraped?(Kernel.Typespec) do
-        true when types == [] ->
-          quote unquote: false do
-            unless Kernel.Typespec.defines_type?(__MODULE__, :t, 0) do
-              types = :lists.map(fn {key, _} ->
-                {key, quote(do: term)}
-              end, fields)
-              @type t :: %{unquote_splicing(types), __struct__: __MODULE__}
-            end
-          end
-        true ->
-          quote do
-            unless Kernel.Typespec.defines_type?(__MODULE__, :t, 0) do
-              @type t :: %{unquote_splicing(types), __struct__: __MODULE__}
-            end
-          end
-        false ->
-          nil
-      end
-
     quote do
       unquote(fields)
       unquote(types)
@@ -2888,26 +2980,26 @@ defmodule Kernel do
   end
 
   defp split_fields_and_types(kv) do
-    case Keyword.keyword?(kv) do
-      true  -> split_fields_and_types(kv, [], [])
-      false -> {kv, []}
-    end
-  end
+     case Keyword.keyword?(kv) do
+       true  -> split_fields_and_types(kv, [], false)
+       false -> {kv, false}
+     end
+   end
 
-  defp split_fields_and_types([{field, {:::, _, [default, type]}}|t], fields, types) do
-    split_fields_and_types(t, [{field, default}|fields], [{field, type}|types])
+  defp split_fields_and_types([{field, {:::, _, [default, _]}}|t], fields, _types) do
+    split_fields_and_types(t, [{field, default}|fields], true)
   end
 
   defp split_fields_and_types([{field, default}|t], fields, types) do
-    split_fields_and_types(t, [{field, default}|fields], [{field, quote(do: term)}|types])
+    split_fields_and_types(t, [{field, default}|fields], types)
   end
 
   defp split_fields_and_types([field|t], fields, types) do
-    split_fields_and_types(t, [field|fields], [{field, quote(do: term)}|types])
+    split_fields_and_types(t, [field|fields], types)
   end
 
   defp split_fields_and_types([], fields, types) do
-    {:lists.reverse(fields), :lists.reverse(types)}
+    {:lists.reverse(fields), types}
   end
 
   @doc ~S"""
@@ -2970,7 +3062,7 @@ defmodule Kernel do
       @behaviour Exception
       fields = defstruct unquote(fields)
 
-      @spec exception(term) :: t
+      @spec exception(Keyword.t) :: Exception.t
       def exception(args) when is_list(args) do
         Kernel.struct(__struct__, args)
       end
@@ -2978,7 +3070,7 @@ defmodule Kernel do
       defoverridable exception: 1
 
       if Keyword.has_key?(fields, :message) do
-        @spec message(t) :: String.t
+        @spec message(Exception.t) :: String.t
         def message(exception) do
           exception.message
         end
@@ -3309,7 +3401,7 @@ defmodule Kernel do
 
   ## Sigils
 
-  @doc """
+  @doc ~S"""
   Handles the sigil ~S. It simply returns a string
   without escaping characters and without interpolations.
 
@@ -3318,15 +3410,15 @@ defmodule Kernel do
       iex> ~S(foo)
       "foo"
 
-      iex> ~S(f\#{o}o)
-      "f\\\#{o}o"
+      iex> ~S(f#{o}o)
+      "f\#{o}o"
 
   """
   defmacro sigil_S(string, []) do
     string
   end
 
-  @doc """
+  @doc ~S"""
   Handles the sigil ~s. It returns a string as if it was double quoted
   string, unescaping characters and replacing interpolations.
 
@@ -3335,15 +3427,18 @@ defmodule Kernel do
       iex> ~s(foo)
       "foo"
 
-      iex> ~s(f\#{:o}o)
+      iex> ~s(f#{:o}o)
       "foo"
 
+      iex> ~s(f\#{:o}o)
+      "f\#{:o}o"
+
   """
   defmacro sigil_s({:<<>>, line, pieces}, []) do
     {:<<>>, line, Macro.unescape_tokens(pieces)}
   end
 
-  @doc """
+  @doc ~S"""
   Handles the sigil ~C. It simply returns a char list
   without escaping characters and without interpolations.
 
@@ -3352,15 +3447,15 @@ defmodule Kernel do
       iex> ~C(foo)
       'foo'
 
-      iex> ~C(f\#{o}o)
-      'f\\\#{o}o'
+      iex> ~C(f#{o}o)
+      'f\#{o}o'
 
   """
   defmacro sigil_C({:<<>>, _line, [string]}, []) when is_binary(string) do
     String.to_char_list(string)
   end
 
-  @doc """
+  @doc ~S"""
   Handles the sigil ~c. It returns a char list as if it were a single
   quoted string, unescaping characters and replacing interpolations.
 
@@ -3369,9 +3464,12 @@ defmodule Kernel do
       iex> ~c(foo)
       'foo'
 
-      iex> ~c(f\#{:o}o)
+      iex> ~c(f#{:o}o)
       'foo'
 
+      iex> ~c(f\#{:o}o)
+      'f\#{:o}o'
+
   """
 
   # We can skip the runtime conversion if we are
@@ -3405,13 +3503,13 @@ defmodule Kernel do
     quote do: Regex.compile!(unquote(binary), unquote(:binary.list_to_bin(options)))
   end
 
-  @doc """
+  @doc ~S"""
   Handles the sigil ~R. It returns a Regex pattern without escaping
   nor interpreting interpolations.
 
   ## Examples
 
-      iex> Regex.match?(~R(f\#{1,3}o), "f\#o")
+      iex> Regex.match?(~R(f#{1,3}o), "f#o")
       true
 
   """
@@ -3420,7 +3518,7 @@ defmodule Kernel do
     Macro.escape(regex)
   end
 
-  @doc """
+  @doc ~S"""
   Handles the sigil ~w. It returns a list of "words" split by whitespace.
 
   ## Modifiers
@@ -3431,7 +3529,7 @@ defmodule Kernel do
 
   ## Examples
 
-      iex> ~w(foo \#{:bar} baz)
+      iex> ~w(foo #{:bar} baz)
       ["foo", "bar", "baz"]
 
       iex> ~w(--source test/enum_test.exs)
@@ -3451,7 +3549,7 @@ defmodule Kernel do
     split_words(binary, modifiers)
   end
 
-  @doc """
+  @doc ~S"""
   Handles the sigil ~W. It returns a list of "words" split by whitespace
   without escaping nor interpreting interpolations.
 
@@ -3463,8 +3561,8 @@ defmodule Kernel do
 
   ## Examples
 
-      iex> ~W(foo \#{bar} baz)
-      ["foo", "\\\#{bar}", "baz"]
+      iex> ~W(foo #{bar} baz)
+      ["foo", "\#{bar}", "baz"]
 
   """
   defmacro sigil_W({:<<>>, _line, [string]}, modifiers) when is_binary(string) do

lib/elixir/lib/kernel/cli.ex

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.CLI do
 
   @blank_config %{commands: [], output: ".", compile: [],
                   halt: true, compiler_options: [], errors: [],
-                  verbose_compile: false}
+                  pa: [], pz: [], verbose_compile: false}
 
   @doc """
   This is the API invoked by Elixir boot process.
@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ defmodule Kernel.CLI do
     argv = for arg <- argv, do: IO.chardata_to_string(arg)
 
     {config, argv} = parse_argv(argv)
+    :elixir_code_server.cast({:paths, config.pa, config.pz})
     System.argv(argv)
 
-    run fn ->
+    run fn _ ->
       errors = process_commands(config)
 
       if errors != [] do
@@ -33,37 +34,19 @@ defmodule Kernel.CLI do
   by escripts generated by Elixir.
   """
   def run(fun, halt \\ true) do
-    try do
-      fun.()
-      if halt do
-        at_exit(0)
-        System.halt(0)
-      end
-    catch
-      :exit, reason when is_integer(reason) ->
-        at_exit(reason)
-        System.halt(reason)
-      :exit, :normal ->
-        at_exit(0)
-        System.halt(0)
-      kind, reason ->
-        at_exit(1)
-        print_error(kind, reason, System.stacktrace)
-        System.halt(1)
+    res = exec_fun(fun, {:ok, 0})
+    if elem(res, 0) == :shutdown or halt do
+      {_, int} = at_exit(res)
+      System.halt(int)
     end
   end
 
-  @doc """
-  Parses ARGV returning the CLI config and trailing args.
-  """
+  @doc false
   def parse_argv(argv) do
     parse_argv(argv, @blank_config)
   end
 
-  @doc """
-  Process commands according to the parsed config from `parse_argv/1`.
-  Returns all errors.
-  """
+  @doc false
   def process_commands(config) do
     results = Enum.map(Enum.reverse(config.commands), &process_command(&1, config))
     errors  = for {:error, msg} <- results, do: msg
@@ -72,21 +55,48 @@ defmodule Kernel.CLI do
 
   ## Helpers
 
-  defp at_exit(status) do
+  defp at_exit(res) do
     hooks = :elixir_code_server.call(:flush_at_exit)
+    res = Enum.reduce(hooks, res, &exec_fun/2)
+    if hooks == [], do: res, else: at_exit(res)
+  end
 
-    for hook <- hooks do
-      try do
-        hook.(status)
-      catch
-        kind, reason ->
-          print_error(kind, reason, System.stacktrace)
+  defp exec_fun(fun, res) when is_function(fun, 1) and is_tuple(res) do
+    parent = self()
+
+    {pid, ref} =
+      spawn_monitor fn ->
+        try do
+          fun.(elem(res, 1))
+        catch
+          :exit, {:shutdown, int} when is_integer(int) ->
+            send parent, {self, {:shutdown, int}}
+            exit({:shutdown, int})
+          :exit, reason
+              when reason == :normal
+              when reason == :shutdown
+              when tuple_size(reason) == 2 and elem(reason, 0) == :shutdown ->
+            send parent, {self, {:shutdown, 0}}
+            exit(reason)
+          kind, reason ->
+            stack = System.stacktrace
+            print_error(kind, reason, stack)
+            send parent, {self, {:shutdown, 1}}
+            :erlang.raise(kind, reason, stack)
+        else
+          _ ->
+            send parent, {self, res}
+        end
       end
-    end
 
-    # If an at_exit callback adds a
-    # new hook we need to invoke it.
-    unless hooks == [], do: at_exit(status)
+    receive do
+      {^pid, res} ->
+        :erlang.demonitor(ref, [:flush])
+        res
+      {:DOWN, ^ref, _, _, other} ->
+        print_error({:EXIT, pid}, other, [])
+        {:shutdown, 1}
+    end
   end
 
   defp shared_option?(list, config, callback) do
@@ -129,13 +139,15 @@ defmodule Kernel.CLI do
   end
 
   defp parse_shared(["-pa", h|t], config) do
-    add_code_path(h, &Code.prepend_path/1)
-    parse_shared t, config
+    paths = expand_code_path(h)
+    Enum.each(paths, &:code.add_patha/1)
+    parse_shared t, %{config | pa: config.pa ++ paths}
   end
 
   defp parse_shared(["-pz", h|t], config) do
-    add_code_path(h, &Code.append_path/1)
-    parse_shared t, config
+    paths = expand_code_path(h)
+    Enum.each(paths, &:code.add_pathz/1)
+    parse_shared t, %{config | pz: config.pz ++ paths}
   end
 
   defp parse_shared(["--app", h|t], config) do
@@ -170,12 +182,11 @@ defmodule Kernel.CLI do
     {list, config}
   end
 
-
-  defp add_code_path(path, fun) do
+  defp expand_code_path(path) do
     path = Path.expand(path)
     case Path.wildcard(path) do
-      []   -> fun.(path)
-      list -> Enum.each(list, fun)
+      []   -> [to_char_list(path)]
+      list -> Enum.map(list, &to_char_list/1)
     end
   end
 
@@ -352,7 +363,8 @@ defmodule Kernel.CLI do
   end
 
   defp process_command({:compile, patterns}, config) do
-    :filelib.ensure_dir(:filename.join(config.output, "."))
+    # If ensuring the dir returns an error no files will be found.
+    _ = :filelib.ensure_dir(:filename.join(config.output, "."))
 
     case filter_multiple_patterns(patterns) do
       {:ok, []} ->
@@ -407,8 +419,8 @@ defmodule Kernel.CLI do
       # the actual Elixir executable.
       case :os.type() do
         {:win32, _} ->
-          exec = Path.rootname(exec)
-          if File.regular?(exec), do: exec
+          base = Path.rootname(exec)
+          if File.regular?(base), do: base, else: exec
         _ ->
           exec
       end

lib/elixir/lib/kernel/error_handler.ex

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.ErrorHandler do
 
   defp ensure_loaded(module) do
     case Code.ensure_loaded(module) do
-      {:module, _} -> []
+      {:module, _} -> :ok
       {:error, _} ->
         parent = :erlang.get(:elixir_compiler_pid)
         ref    = :erlang.make_ref

lib/elixir/lib/kernel/parallel_compiler.ex

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.ParallelCompiler do
   end
 
   defp spawn_compilers(files, path, callbacks) do
-    Code.ensure_loaded(Kernel.ErrorHandler)
+    true = Code.ensure_loaded?(Kernel.ErrorHandler)
     compiler_pid = self()
     :elixir_code_server.cast({:reset_warnings, compiler_pid})
     schedulers = max(:erlang.system_info(:schedulers_online), 2)
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.ParallelCompiler do
     # compilation status will be set to error and we fail with CompileError
     case :elixir_code_server.call({:compilation_status, compiler_pid}) do
       :ok    -> result
-      :error -> exit(1)
+      :error -> exit({:shutdown, 1})
     end
   end
 
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.ParallelCompiler do
         :erlang.process_flag(:error_handler, Kernel.ErrorHandler)
 
         exit(try do
-          if output do
+          _ = if output do
             :elixir_compiler.file_to_path(h, output)
           else
             :elixir_compiler.file(h)
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.ParallelCompiler do
       if all_missing?(entries, waiting, queued) do
         collect_failures(queued, length(queued) - 1)
       end
-      exit(1)
+      exit({:shutdown, 1})
     end
   end
 

lib/elixir/lib/kernel/special_forms.ex

@@ -242,14 +242,14 @@ defmodule Kernel.SpecialForms do
   Here, `val` is interpreted as unsigned.
 
   The endianness of a segment can be big, little or native (the
-  latter meaning it will be resolved at VM load time). Passing
-  many options can be done by giving a list:
+  latter meaning it will be resolved at VM load time). Many options
+  can be given by using `-` as separator:
 
-      <<102 :: [integer, native], rest :: binary>>
+      <<102 :: integer-native, rest :: binary>>
 
   Or:
 
-      <<102 :: [unsigned, big, integer], rest :: binary>>
+      <<102 :: unsigned-big-integer, rest :: binary>>
 
   And so on.
 
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.SpecialForms do
 
   We can also match by specifying size and unit explicitly:
 
-      iex> <<102, _rest :: [size(2), unit(8)]>> = "foo"
+      iex> <<102, _rest :: size(2)-unit(8)>> = "foo"
       "foo"
 
   However, if we expect a size of 32, it won't match:
@@ -286,12 +286,15 @@ defmodule Kernel.SpecialForms do
   in a binary match can use the default size (all others must
   have their size specified explicitly).
 
-  Size can also be specified using a syntax shortcut. Instead of
-  writing `size(8)`, one can write just `8` and it will be interpreted
-  as `size(8)`
+  Size and unit can also be specified using a syntax shortcut
+  when passing integer values:
 
-      iex> << 1 :: 3 >> == << 1 :: size(3) >>
-      true
+      << x :: 8 >> == << x :: size(8) >>
+      << x :: 8 * 4 >> == << x :: size(8)-unit(4) >>
+      << x :: _ * 4 >> == << x :: unit(4) >>
+
+  This syntax reflects the fact the effective size is given by
+  multiplying the size by the unit.
 
   For floats, `size * unit` must result in 32 or 64, corresponding
   to binary32 and binary64, respectively.
@@ -1513,9 +1516,9 @@ defmodule Kernel.SpecialForms do
   The catch clause can be used to catch throws values and exits.
 
       try do
-        exit(1)
+        exit(:shutdown)
       catch
-        :exit, 1 -> IO.puts "Exited with 1"
+        :exit, :shutdown -> IO.puts "Exited with shutdown reason"
       end
 
       try do

lib/elixir/lib/kernel/typespec.ex

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.Typespec do
             | Fun
             | Integer
             | List
+            | Map
             | Tuple
             | Union
             | UserDefined # Described in section "Defining a type"
@@ -65,16 +66,33 @@ defmodule Kernel.Typespec do
             | nonempty_list(Type)               # proper non-empty list
             | []                                # empty list
             | [Type]                            # shorthand for list(Type)
+            | [...]                             # shorthand for nonempty_list()
             | [Type, ...]                       # shorthand for nonempty_list(Type)
+            | [Keyword]
 
-      Tuple :: tuple     # a tuple of any size
-             | {}        # empty tuple
+      Map :: map()            # map of any size
+           | %{}              # map of any size
+           | %Struct{}        # struct (see defstruct/1)
+           | %Struct{Keyword}
+           | %{Keyword}
+           | %{Pairs}
+
+      Tuple :: tuple                 # a tuple of any size
+             | {}                    # empty tuple
              | {TList}
+             | record(Atom)          # record (see Record)
+             | record(Atom, Keyword)
+
+      Keyword :: ElixirAtom: Type
+               | ElixirAtom: Type, Keyword
+
+      Pairs :: Type => Type
+             | Type => Type, Pairs
 
       TList :: Type
              | Type, TList
 
-      Union :: Type1 | Type2
+      Union :: Type | Type
 
   ### Bit strings
 
@@ -111,14 +129,15 @@ defmodule Kernel.Typespec do
       `bitstring`           | `<< _ :: _ * 1 >>`
       `boolean`             | `false` &#124; `true`
       `byte`                | `0..255`
-      `char`                | `0..0xffff`
+      `char`                | `0..0x10ffff`
       `number`              | `integer` &#124; `float`
+      `char_list`           |  [char]
       `list`                | `[any]`
       `maybe_improper_list` | `maybe_improper_list(any, any)`
       `nonempty_list`       | `nonempty_list(any)`
       `iodata`              | `iolist` &#124; `binary`
       `iolist`              | `maybe_improper_list(byte` &#124; `binary` &#124; `iolist, binary` &#124; `[])`
-      `module`              | `atom`
+      `module`              | `atom` | `tuple`
       `mfa`                 | `{atom, atom, arity}`
       `arity`               | `0..255`
       `node`                | `atom`
@@ -536,7 +555,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.Typespec do
 
     if not export and doc do
       :elixir_errors.warn(caller.line, caller.file, "type #{name}/#{arity} is private, " <>
-                          "@typedoc's are always discarded for private types\n")
+                          "@typedoc's are always discarded for private types")
     end
 
     {{kind, {name, arity}, type}, caller.line, export, doc}
@@ -640,8 +659,20 @@ defmodule Kernel.Typespec do
     end
   end
 
-  defp typespec_to_ast({:type, _line, :list, args}) do
-    for arg <- args, do: typespec_to_ast(arg)
+  defp typespec_to_ast({:type, line, :list, []}) do
+    {:list, [line: line], []}
+  end
+
+  defp typespec_to_ast({:type, _line, :list, [arg]}) do
+    [typespec_to_ast(arg)]
+  end
+
+  defp typespec_to_ast({:type, line, :nonempty_list, []}) do
+    [{:..., [line: line], nil}]
+  end
+
+  defp typespec_to_ast({:type, line, :nonempty_list, [arg]}) do
+    [typespec_to_ast(arg), {:..., [line: line], nil}]
   end
 
   defp typespec_to_ast({:type, line, :map, fields}) do
@@ -690,7 +721,11 @@ defmodule Kernel.Typespec do
   end
 
   defp typespec_to_ast({:type, line, :range, [left, right]}) do
-    {:"..", [line: line], [typespec_to_ast(left), typespec_to_ast(right)]}
+    {:.., [line: line], [typespec_to_ast(left), typespec_to_ast(right)]}
+  end
+
+  defp typespec_to_ast({:type, _line, nil, []}) do
+    []
   end
 
   defp typespec_to_ast({:type, line, name, args}) do
@@ -792,7 +827,58 @@ defmodule Kernel.Typespec do
   end
 
   defp typespec({:%, _, [name, {:%{}, meta, fields}]}, vars, caller) do
-    typespec({:%{}, meta, [{:__struct__, name}|fields]}, vars, caller)
+    module = Macro.expand(name, caller)
+
+    struct =
+      if module == caller.module do
+        Module.get_attribute(module, :struct) ||
+          compile_error(caller, "struct is not defined for #{Macro.to_string(name)}")
+      else
+        module.__struct__
+      end
+
+    struct =
+      :lists.map(fn {field, _} ->
+        {field, quote do: term()}
+      end, Map.to_list(struct))
+
+
+    :lists.foreach(fn {field, _} ->
+      unless Keyword.has_key?(struct, field) do
+        compile_error(caller, "undefined field #{field} on struct #{Macro.to_string(name)}")
+      end
+    end, fields)
+
+    fields = Keyword.merge(struct, [__struct__: module] ++ fields)
+    typespec({:%{}, meta, fields}, vars, caller)
+  end
+
+  # Handle records
+  defp typespec({:record, meta, [atom]}, vars, caller) do
+    typespec({:record, meta, [atom, []]}, vars, caller)
+  end
+
+  defp typespec({:record, meta, [atom, fields]}, vars, caller) do
+    case Macro.expand({atom, [], [{atom, [], []}]}, caller) do
+      keyword when is_list(keyword) ->
+        keyword =
+          :lists.map(fn {field, _} ->
+            {field, quote do: term()}
+          end, keyword)
+
+        :lists.foreach(fn {field, _} ->
+          unless Keyword.has_key?(keyword, field) do
+            compile_error(caller, "undefined field #{field} on record #{inspect atom}")
+          end
+        end, fields)
+
+        fields = Keyword.merge(keyword, fields)
+        types = Keyword.values(fields)
+
+        typespec({:{}, meta, [atom|types]}, vars, caller)
+      _ ->
+        compile_error(caller, "unknown record #{inspect atom}")
+    end
   end
 
   # Handle ranges
@@ -866,11 +952,11 @@ defmodule Kernel.Typespec do
   end
 
   # Handle local calls
-  defp typespec({:string, meta, arguments}, vars, caller) do
-    :elixir_errors.warn caller.line, caller.file, "string() type use is discouraged. For character lists, use " <>
+  defp typespec({type, meta, arguments}, vars, caller) when type in [:string, :nonempty_string] do
+    :elixir_errors.warn caller.line, caller.file, "#{type}() type use is discouraged. For character lists, use " <>
       "char_list() type, for strings, String.t()\n#{Exception.format_stacktrace(Macro.Env.stacktrace(caller))}"
     arguments = for arg <- arguments, do: typespec(arg, vars, caller)
-    {:type, line(meta), :string, arguments}
+    {:type, line(meta), type, arguments}
   end
 
   defp typespec({:char_list, _meta, []}, vars, caller) do
@@ -899,14 +985,18 @@ defmodule Kernel.Typespec do
     typespec({nil, [], []}, vars, caller)
   end
 
-  defp typespec([spec], vars, caller) do
-    typespec({:list, [], [spec]}, vars, caller)
+  defp typespec([{:..., _, atom}], vars, caller) when is_atom(atom) do
+    typespec({:nonempty_list, [], []}, vars, caller)
   end
 
-  defp typespec([spec, {:"...", _, quoted}], vars, caller) when is_atom(quoted) do
+  defp typespec([spec, {:..., _, atom}], vars, caller) when is_atom(atom) do
     typespec({:nonempty_list, [], [spec]}, vars, caller)
   end
 
+  defp typespec([spec], vars, caller) do
+    typespec({:list, [], [spec]}, vars, caller)
+  end
+
   defp typespec(list, vars, caller) do
     [h|t] = :lists.reverse(list)
     union = :lists.foldl(fn(x, acc) ->
@@ -941,7 +1031,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.Typespec do
     end
   end
 
-  defp fn_args(meta, [{:"...", _, _}], _vars, _caller) do
+  defp fn_args(meta, [{:..., _, _}], _vars, _caller) do
     {:type, line(meta), :any}
   end
 

lib/elixir/lib/list.ex

@@ -307,6 +307,8 @@ defmodule List do
   @doc """
   Zips corresponding elements from each list in `list_of_lists`.
 
+  The zipping finishes as soon as any list terminates.
+
   ## Examples
 
       iex> List.zip([[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])
@@ -323,8 +325,10 @@ defmodule List do
   end
 
   @doc """
-  Unzips the given list of lists or tuples into separate lists and returns a
-  list of lists.
+  Unzips the given list of tuples into a list of lists.
+
+  The number of unzipped elements is equal to the size
+  of the smallest tuple in the list.
 
   ## Examples
 
@@ -566,7 +570,7 @@ defmodule List do
       "abc"
 
   """
-  @spec to_string(:unicode.char_list) :: String.t
+  @spec to_string(:unicode.charlist) :: String.t
   def to_string(list) when is_list(list) do
     case :unicode.characters_to_binary(list) do
       result when is_binary(result) ->

lib/elixir/lib/macro.ex

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ defmodule Macro do
   def pipe(expr, call_args, position)
 
   def pipe(expr, {:&, _, _} = call_args, _integer) do
-    raise ArgumentError, "cannot pipe #{to_string expr} into #{to_string call_args}"
+    bad_pipe(expr, call_args)
   end
 
   def pipe(expr, {call, line, atom}, integer) when is_atom(atom) do
@@ -86,7 +86,12 @@ defmodule Macro do
   end
 
   def pipe(expr, call_args, _integer) do
-    raise ArgumentError, "cannot pipe #{to_string expr} into #{to_string call_args}"
+    bad_pipe(expr, call_args)
+  end
+
+  defp bad_pipe(expr, call_args) do
+    raise ArgumentError, "cannot pipe #{to_string expr} into #{to_string call_args}, " <>
+      "can only pipe into local calls foo(), remote calls Foo.bar() or anonymous functions calls foo.()"
   end
 
   @doc """
@@ -525,11 +530,15 @@ defmodule Macro do
 
   # All other calls
   def to_string({target, _, args} = ast, fun) when is_list(args) do
-    {list, last} = :elixir_utils.split_last(args)
-    fun.(ast, case kw_blocks?(last) do
-      true  -> call_to_string_with_args(target, list, fun) <> kw_blocks_to_string(last, fun)
-      false -> call_to_string_with_args(target, args, fun)
-    end)
+    if sigil = sigil_call(ast, fun) do
+      sigil
+    else
+      {list, last} = :elixir_utils.split_last(args)
+      fun.(ast, case kw_blocks?(last) do
+        true  -> call_to_string_with_args(target, list, fun) <> kw_blocks_to_string(last, fun)
+        false -> call_to_string_with_args(target, args, fun)
+      end)
+    end
   end
 
   # Two-item tuples
@@ -565,6 +574,26 @@ defmodule Macro do
   defp module_to_string(atom, _fun) when is_atom(atom), do: inspect(atom, [])
   defp module_to_string(other, fun), do: call_to_string(other, fun)
 
+  defp sigil_call({func, _, [{:<<>>, _, [string]}, args]} = ast, fun) when is_list(args) do
+    sigil =
+      case Atom.to_string(func) do
+        <<"sigil_", name>> ->
+          "~" <> <<name>> <>
+          fun.(string, inspect(string, [])) <>
+          sigil_args(args, fun)
+        _ ->
+          nil
+      end
+    fun.(ast, sigil)
+  end
+
+  defp sigil_call(_other, _fun) do
+    nil
+  end
+
+  defp sigil_args([], _fun),   do: ""
+  defp sigil_args(args, fun), do: fun.(args, List.to_string(args))
+
   defp call_to_string(atom, _fun) when is_atom(atom), do: Atom.to_string(atom)
   defp call_to_string({:., _, [arg]}, fun),           do: module_to_string(arg, fun) <> "."
   defp call_to_string({:., _, [left, right]}, fun),   do: module_to_string(left, fun) <> "." <> call_to_string(right, fun)
@@ -838,7 +867,7 @@ defmodule Macro do
       end
 
       expand = :elixir_dispatch.expand_import(meta, {atom, length(args)}, args,
-                                              env, extra)
+                                              env, extra, true)
 
       case expand do
         {:ok, receiver, quoted} ->

lib/elixir/lib/macro/env.ex

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ defmodule Macro.Env do
     * `local` - the module to expand local functions to
   """
 
-  @type name_arity :: {atom, non_neg_integer}
+  @type name_arity :: {atom, arity}
   @type file :: binary
   @type line :: non_neg_integer
   @type aliases :: [{module, module}]
@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ defmodule Macro.Env do
   @type vars :: [{atom, atom | non_neg_integer}]
   @type export_vars :: vars | nil
   @type lexical_tracker :: pid
-  @type local :: module | nil
+  @type local :: atom | nil
 
   @type t :: %{__struct__: __MODULE__,
-               module: module,
+               module: atom,
                file: file,
                line: line,
                function: name_arity | nil,

lib/elixir/lib/module.ex

@@ -766,15 +766,9 @@ defmodule Module do
 
       @foo
 
-  Expands to:
+  Expands close to:
 
-      Module.get_attribute(__MODULE__, :foo, true)
-
-  Notice the third argument may be given to indicate a stacktrace
-  to be emitted when the attribute was not previously defined.
-  The default value for `warn` is nil for direct calls but the `@foo`
-  macro sets it to the proper stacktrace automatically, warning
-  every time `@foo` is used but not set previously.
+      Module.get_attribute(__MODULE__, :foo)
 
   ## Examples
 
@@ -788,37 +782,9 @@ defmodule Module do
       end
 
   """
-  @spec get_attribute(module, atom, warn :: nil | [tuple]) :: term
-  def get_attribute(module, key, warn \\ nil) when
-      is_atom(key) and (is_list(warn) or nil?(warn)) do
-    assert_not_compiled!(:get_attribute, module)
-    table = data_table_for(module)
-
-    case :ets.lookup(table, key) do
-      [{^key, val}] -> val
-      [] ->
-        acc = :ets.lookup_element(table, :__acc_attributes, 2)
-
-        cond do
-          :lists.member(key, acc) ->
-            []
-          is_list(warn) ->
-            :elixir_errors.warn warn_info(warn), "undefined module attribute @#{key}, " <>
-              "please remove access to @#{key} or explicitly set it to nil before access\n"
-            nil
-          true ->
-            nil
-        end
-    end
-  end
-
-  defp warn_info([entry|_]) do
-    opts = elem(entry, tuple_size(entry) - 1)
-    Exception.format_file_line(Keyword.get(opts, :file), Keyword.get(opts, :line)) <> " "
-  end
-
-  defp warn_info([]) do
-    ""
+  @spec get_attribute(atom, atom) :: term
+  def get_attribute(module, key) do
+    get_attribute(module, key, nil)
   end
 
   @doc """
@@ -832,10 +798,12 @@ defmodule Module do
       end
 
   """
+  @spec delete_attribute(atom, atom) :: :ok
   def delete_attribute(module, key) when is_atom(key) do
     assert_not_compiled!(:delete_attribute, module)
     table = data_table_for(module)
     :ets.delete(table, key)
+    :ok
   end
 
   @doc """
@@ -911,7 +879,9 @@ defmodule Module do
       :ok ->
         :ok
       {:error, :private_doc} ->
-        :elixir_errors.warn line, env.file, "function #{name}/#{arity} is private, @doc's are always discarded for private functions\n"
+        :elixir_errors.warn line, env.file,
+          "function #{name}/#{arity} is private, " <>
+          "@doc's are always discarded for private functions"
     end
 
     delete_attribute(module, :doc)
@@ -933,6 +903,38 @@ defmodule Module do
     :ets.insert(table, {key, new})
   end
 
+  @doc false
+  def get_attribute(module, key, warn) when is_atom(key) and (is_list(warn) or nil?(warn)) do
+    assert_not_compiled!(:get_attribute, module)
+    table = data_table_for(module)
+
+    case :ets.lookup(table, key) do
+      [{^key, val}] -> val
+      [] ->
+        acc = :ets.lookup_element(table, :__acc_attributes, 2)
+
+        cond do
+          :lists.member(key, acc) ->
+            []
+          is_list(warn) ->
+            :elixir_errors.warn warn_info(warn), "undefined module attribute @#{key}, " <>
+              "please remove access to @#{key} or explicitly set it to nil before access"
+            nil
+          true ->
+            nil
+        end
+    end
+  end
+
+  defp warn_info([entry|_]) do
+    opts = elem(entry, tuple_size(entry) - 1)
+    Exception.format_file_line(Keyword.get(opts, :file), Keyword.get(opts, :line)) <> " "
+  end
+
+  defp warn_info([]) do
+    ""
+  end
+
   ## Helpers
 
   defp normalize_attribute(:on_load, atom) when is_atom(atom) do
@@ -940,7 +942,8 @@ defmodule Module do
   end
 
   defp normalize_attribute(:behaviour, atom) when is_atom(atom) do
-    Code.ensure_compiled(atom)
+    # Attempt to compile behaviour but ignore failure (will warn later)
+    _ = Code.ensure_compiled(atom)
     atom
   end
 

lib/elixir/lib/module/locals_tracker.ex

@@ -65,16 +65,19 @@ defmodule Module.LocalsTracker do
   """
   @spec reachable(ref) :: [local]
   def reachable(ref) do
-    d = :gen_server.call(to_pid(ref), :digraph, @timeout)
-    reduce_reachable(d, :local, [])
+    reachable_from(:gen_server.call(to_pid(ref), :digraph, @timeout), :local)
+  end
+
+  defp reachable_from(d, starting) do
+    :sets.to_list(reduce_reachable(d, starting, :sets.new))
   end
 
   defp reduce_reachable(d, vertex, vertices) do
     neighbours = :digraph.out_neighbours(d, vertex)
-    neighbours = (for {_, _} = t <- neighbours, do: t) |> :ordsets.from_list
-    remaining  = :ordsets.subtract(neighbours, vertices)
-    vertices   = :ordsets.union(neighbours, vertices)
-    :lists.foldl(&reduce_reachable(d, &1, &2), vertices, remaining)
+    neighbours = (for {_, _} = t <- neighbours, do: t) |> :sets.from_list
+    remaining  = :sets.subtract(neighbours, vertices)
+    vertices   = :sets.union(neighbours, vertices)
+    :sets.fold(&reduce_reachable(d, &1, &2), vertices, remaining)
   end
 
   defp to_pid(pid) when is_pid(pid),  do: pid
@@ -134,9 +137,7 @@ defmodule Module.LocalsTracker do
   # Reattach a previously yanked node
   @doc false
   def reattach(pid, kind, tuple, neighbours) do
-    pid = to_pid(pid)
-    add_definition(pid, kind, tuple)
-    :gen_server.cast(pid, {:reattach, tuple, neighbours})
+    :gen_server.cast(to_pid(pid), {:reattach, kind, tuple, neighbours})
   end
 
   # Collecting all conflicting imports with the given functions
@@ -156,12 +157,42 @@ defmodule Module.LocalsTracker do
   # given also accounting the expected amount of default
   # clauses a private function have.
   @doc false
-  def collect_unused_locals(pid, private) do
-    reachable = reachable(pid)
-    :lists.foldl(&collect_unused_locals(&1, &2, reachable), [], private)
+  def collect_unused_locals(ref, private) do
+    d = :gen_server.call(to_pid(ref), :digraph, @timeout)
+    {unreachable(d, private), collect_warnings(d, private)}
   end
 
-  defp collect_unused_locals({tuple, kind, 0}, acc, reachable) do
+  defp unreachable(d, private) do
+    unreachable = for {tuple, _, _} <- private, do: tuple
+
+    private =
+      for {tuple, :defp, _} <- private do
+        neighbours = :digraph.in_neighbours(d, tuple)
+        neighbours = for {_, _} = t <- neighbours, do: t
+        {tuple, :sets.from_list(neighbours)}
+      end
+
+    reduce_unreachable(private, [], :sets.from_list(unreachable))
+  end
+
+  defp reduce_unreachable([{vertex, callers}|t], acc, unreachable) do
+    if :sets.is_subset(callers, unreachable) do
+      reduce_unreachable(t, [{vertex, callers}|acc], unreachable)
+    else
+      reduce_unreachable(acc ++ t, [], :sets.del_element(vertex, unreachable))
+    end
+  end
+
+  defp reduce_unreachable([], _acc, unreachable) do
+    :sets.to_list(unreachable)
+  end
+
+  defp collect_warnings(d, private) do
+    reachable = reachable_from(d, :local)
+    :lists.foldl(&collect_warnings(&1, &2, reachable), [], private)
+  end
+
+  defp collect_warnings({tuple, kind, 0}, acc, reachable) do
     if :lists.member(tuple, reachable) do
       acc
     else
@@ -169,7 +200,7 @@ defmodule Module.LocalsTracker do
     end
   end
 
-  defp collect_unused_locals({tuple, kind, default}, acc, reachable) when default > 0 do
+  defp collect_warnings({tuple, kind, default}, acc, reachable) when default > 0 do
     {name, arity} = tuple
     min = arity - default
     max = arity
@@ -268,9 +299,19 @@ defmodule Module.LocalsTracker do
     {:noreply, state}
   end
 
-  def handle_cast({:reattach, tuple, {in_neigh, out_neigh}}, {d, _} = state) do
-    for from <- in_neigh, do: replace_edge(d, from, tuple)
-    for to <- out_neigh, do: replace_edge(d, tuple, to)
+  def handle_cast({:reattach, kind, tuple, {in_neigh, out_neigh}}, {d, _} = state) do
+    handle_add_definition(d, kind, tuple)
+
+    for from <- in_neigh do
+      :digraph.add_vertex(d, from)
+      replace_edge!(d, from, tuple)
+    end
+
+    for to <- out_neigh do
+      :digraph.add_vertex(d, to)
+      replace_edge!(d, tuple, to)
+    end
+
     {:noreply, state}
   end
 
@@ -300,6 +341,8 @@ defmodule Module.LocalsTracker do
     if function != nil do
       replace_edge!(d, function, tuple)
     end
+
+    :ok
   end
 
   defp handle_add_local(d, from, to) do
@@ -320,11 +363,6 @@ defmodule Module.LocalsTracker do
     unless :lists.member(to, :digraph.out_neighbours(d, from)) do
       [:"$e"|_] = :digraph.add_edge(d, from, to)
     end
-  end
-
-  defp replace_edge(d, from, to) do
-    unless :lists.member(to, :digraph.out_neighbours(d, from)) do
-      :digraph.add_edge(d, from, to)
-    end
+    :ok
   end
 end

lib/elixir/lib/option_parser.ex

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ defmodule OptionParser do
     * `:strict` - the switches are strict. Any switch that does not
       exist in the switch list is treated as an error.
 
-    * `:switches` - configure some switches. Switches that does not
+    * `:switches` - defines some switches. Switches that does not
       exist in the switch list are still attempted to be parsed.
 
   Note only `:strict` or `:switches` may be given at once.
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ defmodule OptionParser do
     * `:float`   - parses the switch as a float.
     * `:string`  - returns the switch as a string.
 
-  If a switch can't be parsed or is not specfied in the strict case,
+  If a switch can't be parsed or is not specified in the strict case,
   the option is returned in the invalid options list (third element
   of the returned tuple).
 
@@ -91,14 +91,8 @@ defmodule OptionParser do
 
   ## Negation switches
 
-  All switches starting with `--no-` are considered to be booleans and never
-  parse the next value:
-
-      iex> OptionParser.parse(["--no-op", "path/to/file"])
-      {[no_op: true], ["path/to/file"], []}
-
-  However, in case the base switch exists, it sets that particular switch to
-  false:
+  In case a switch is declared as boolean, it may be passed as `--no-SWITCH`
+  which will set the option to false:
 
       iex> OptionParser.parse(["--no-op", "path/to/file"], switches: [op: :boolean])
       {[op: false], ["path/to/file"], []}
@@ -113,8 +107,7 @@ defmodule OptionParser do
   """
   @spec parse(argv, options) :: {parsed, argv, errors}
   def parse(argv, opts \\ []) when is_list(argv) and is_list(opts) do
-    config = compile_config(opts, true)
-    do_parse(argv, config, [], [], [])
+    do_parse(argv, compile_config(opts), [], [], [], true)
   end
 
   @doc """
@@ -134,37 +127,36 @@ defmodule OptionParser do
   """
   @spec parse_head(argv, options) :: {parsed, argv, errors}
   def parse_head(argv, opts \\ []) when is_list(argv) and is_list(opts) do
-    config = compile_config(opts, false)
-    do_parse(argv, config, [], [], [])
+    do_parse(argv, compile_config(opts), [], [], [], false)
   end
 
-  defp do_parse([], _config, opts, args, invalid) do
+  defp do_parse([], _config, opts, args, invalid, _all?) do
     {Enum.reverse(opts), Enum.reverse(args), Enum.reverse(invalid)}
   end
 
-  defp do_parse(argv, {aliases, switches, strict, all}=config, opts, args, invalid) do
+  defp do_parse(argv, {aliases, switches, strict}=config, opts, args, invalid, all?) do
     case next(argv, aliases, switches, strict) do
       {:ok, option, value, rest} ->
         # the option exist and it was successfully parsed
         kinds = List.wrap Keyword.get(switches, option)
         new_opts = do_store_option(opts, option, value, kinds)
-        do_parse(rest, config, new_opts, args, invalid)
+        do_parse(rest, config, new_opts, args, invalid, all?)
 
       {:invalid, option, value, rest} ->
         # the option exist but it has wrong value
-        do_parse(rest, config, opts, args, [{option, value}|invalid])
+        do_parse(rest, config, opts, args, [{option, value}|invalid], all?)
 
       {:undefined, option, _value, rest} ->
         # the option does not exist (for strict cases)
-        do_parse(rest, config, opts, args, [{option, nil}|invalid])
+        do_parse(rest, config, opts, args, [{option, nil}|invalid], all?)
 
       {:error, ["--"|rest]} ->
         {Enum.reverse(opts), Enum.reverse(args, rest), Enum.reverse(invalid)}
 
       {:error, [arg|rest]=remaining_args} ->
         # there is no option
-        if all do
-          do_parse(rest, config, opts, [arg|args], invalid)
+        if all? do
+          do_parse(rest, config, opts, [arg|args], invalid, all?)
         else
           {Enum.reverse(opts), Enum.reverse(args, remaining_args), Enum.reverse(invalid)}
         end
@@ -193,12 +185,12 @@ defmodule OptionParser do
 
   @spec next(argv, options) ::
         {:ok, key :: atom, value :: term, argv} |
-        {:invalid, key :: atom, value :: term, argv} |
-        {:undefined, key :: atom, value :: term, argv} |
+        {:invalid, String.t, String.t | nil, argv} |
+        {:undefined, String.t, String.t | nil, argv} |
         {:error, argv}
 
   def next(argv, opts \\ []) when is_list(argv) and is_list(opts) do
-    {aliases, switches, strict, _} = compile_config(opts, true)
+    {aliases, switches, strict} = compile_config(opts)
     next(argv, aliases, switches, strict)
   end
 
@@ -221,7 +213,7 @@ defmodule OptionParser do
   defp next(["-" <> option|rest], aliases, switches, strict) do
     {option, value} = split_option(option)
     opt_name_bin = "-" <> option
-    tagged = tag_option(option, value, switches, aliases)
+    tagged = tag_option(option, switches, aliases)
 
     if strict and not option_defined?(tagged, switches) do
       {:undefined, opt_name_bin, value, rest}
@@ -239,9 +231,65 @@ defmodule OptionParser do
     {:error, argv}
   end
 
+  @doc ~S"""
+  Splits a string into argv chunks.
+
+  ## Examples
+
+      iex> OptionParser.split("foo bar")
+      ["foo", "bar"]
+
+      iex> OptionParser.split("foo \"bar baz\"")
+      ["foo", "bar baz"]
+  """
+  @spec split(String.t) :: argv
+  def split(string) do
+    do_split(strip_leading_spaces(string), "", [], nil)
+  end
+
+  # If we have a escaped quote, simply remove the escape
+  defp do_split(<<?\\, quote, t :: binary>>, buffer, acc, quote),
+    do: do_split(t, <<buffer::binary, quote>>, acc, quote)
+
+  # If we have a quote and we were not in a quote, start one
+  defp do_split(<<quote, t :: binary>>, buffer, acc, nil) when quote in [?", ?'],
+    do: do_split(t, buffer, acc, quote)
+
+  # If we have a quote and we were inside it, close it
+  defp do_split(<<quote, t :: binary>>, buffer, acc, quote),
+    do: do_split(t, buffer, acc, nil)
+
+  # If we have a escaped quote/space, simply remove the escape as long as we are not inside a quote
+  defp do_split(<<?\\, h, t :: binary>>, buffer, acc, nil) when h in [?\s, ?', ?"],
+    do: do_split(t, <<buffer::binary, h>>, acc, nil)
+
+  # If we have space and we are outside of a quote, start new segment
+  defp do_split(<<?\s, t :: binary>>, buffer, acc, nil),
+    do: do_split(strip_leading_spaces(t), "", [buffer|acc], nil)
+
+  # All other characters are moved to buffer
+  defp do_split(<<h, t::binary>>, buffer, acc, quote) do
+    do_split(t, <<buffer::binary, h>>, acc, quote)
+  end
+
+  # Finish the string expecting a nil marker
+  defp do_split(<<>>, "", acc, nil),
+    do: Enum.reverse(acc)
+
+  defp do_split(<<>>, buffer, acc, nil),
+    do: Enum.reverse([buffer|acc])
+
+  # Otherwise raise
+  defp do_split(<<>>, _, _acc, marker) do
+    raise "argv string did not terminate properly, a #{<<marker>>} was opened but never closed"
+  end
+
+  defp strip_leading_spaces(" " <> t), do: strip_leading_spaces(t)
+  defp strip_leading_spaces(t), do: t
+
   ## Helpers
 
-  defp compile_config(opts, all) do
+  defp compile_config(opts) do
     aliases = opts[:aliases] || []
 
     {switches, strict} = cond do
@@ -253,7 +301,7 @@ defmodule OptionParser do
         {[], false}
     end
 
-    {aliases, switches, strict, all}
+    {aliases, switches, strict}
   end
 
   defp validate_option(value, kinds) do
@@ -296,11 +344,11 @@ defmodule OptionParser do
     end
   end
 
-  defp tag_option(<<?-, option :: binary>>, value, switches, _aliases) do
-    get_negated(option, value, switches)
+  defp tag_option(<<?-, option :: binary>>, switches, _aliases) do
+    get_negated(option, switches)
   end
 
-  defp tag_option(option, _value, _switches, aliases) when is_binary(option) do
+  defp tag_option(option, _switches, aliases) when is_binary(option) do
     opt = get_option(option)
     if alias = aliases[opt] do
       {:default, alias}
@@ -325,23 +373,14 @@ defmodule OptionParser do
     {nil, [:invalid], value}
   end
 
-  defp normalize_option({:negated, option}, nil, switches) do
-    kinds = List.wrap(switches[option])
-
-    cond do
-      :boolean in kinds ->
-        {option, kinds, false}
-      kinds == [] ->
-        {option, kinds, true}
-      true ->
-        {reverse_negated(option), [:invalid], nil}
+  defp normalize_option({:negated, option}, value, switches) do
+    if value do
+      {option, [:invalid], value}
+    else
+      {option, List.wrap(switches[option]), false}
     end
   end
 
-  defp normalize_option({:negated, option}, value, _switches) do
-    {option, [:invalid], value}
-  end
-
   defp normalize_option({:default, option}, value, switches) do
     {option, List.wrap(switches[option]), value}
   end
@@ -396,24 +435,18 @@ defmodule OptionParser do
     end
   end
 
-  defp reverse_negated(negated) do
-    String.to_atom("no_" <> Atom.to_string(negated))
-  end
-
-  defp get_negated("no-" <> rest = option, value, switches) do
-    if negated = get_option(rest) do
-      option = if Keyword.has_key?(switches, negated) and value == nil do
-        negated
-      else
-        get_option(option)
-      end
-      {:negated, option}
-    else
-      :unknown
+  defp get_negated("no-" <> rest = original, switches) do
+    cond do
+      (negated = get_option(rest)) && :boolean in List.wrap(switches[negated]) ->
+        {:negated, negated}
+      option = get_option(original) ->
+        {:default, option}
+      true ->
+        :unknown
     end
   end
 
-  defp get_negated(rest, _value, _switches) do
+  defp get_negated(rest, _switches) do
     if option = get_option(rest) do
       {:default, option}
     else

lib/elixir/lib/path.ex

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ defmodule Path do
   def type(name) when is_list(name) or is_binary(name) do
     case :os.type() do
       {:win32, _} -> win32_pathtype(name)
-      _             -> unix_pathtype(name)
+      _           -> unix_pathtype(name)
     end |> elem(0)
   end
 
@@ -458,9 +458,14 @@ defmodule Path do
   defp maybe_remove_dirsep(name, _), do:
     :lists.reverse(name)
 
-  @doc """
-  Returns a list with the path split by the path separator.
-  If an empty string is given, returns the root path.
+  @doc ~S"""
+  Splits the path into a list at the path separator.
+
+  If an empty string is given, returns an empty list.
+
+  On Windows, path is split on both "\" and "/" separators
+  and the driver letter, if there is one, is always returned
+  in lowercase.
 
   ## Examples
 
@@ -486,6 +491,11 @@ defmodule Path do
   defmodule Wildcard do
     @moduledoc false
 
+    def read_link_info(file) do
+      call({:read_link_info, file})
+    end
+
+    # For compatibility with buggy Erlang 17.1.
     def read_file_info(file) do
       call({:read_link_info, file})
     end

lib/elixir/lib/port.ex

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ defmodule Port do
 
   @doc """
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#open_port-2.
+
+  Inlined by the compiler.
   """
   def open(name, settings) do
     :erlang.open_port(name, settings)
@@ -12,6 +14,8 @@ defmodule Port do
 
   @doc """
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#port_close-1.
+
+  Inlined by the compiler.
   """
   def close(port) do
     :erlang.port_close(port)
@@ -19,6 +23,8 @@ defmodule Port do
 
   @doc """
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#port_command-2.
+
+  Inlined by the compiler.
   """
   def command(port, data, options \\ []) do
     :erlang.port_command(port, data, options)
@@ -26,6 +32,8 @@ defmodule Port do
 
   @doc """
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#port_connect-2.
+
+  Inlined by the compiler.
   """
   def connect(port, pid) do
     :erlang.port_connect(port, pid)
@@ -33,6 +41,8 @@ defmodule Port do
 
   @doc """
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#port_control-3.
+
+  Inlined by the compiler.
   """
   def control(port, operation, data) do
     :erlang.port_control(port, operation, data)
@@ -40,6 +50,8 @@ defmodule Port do
 
   @doc """
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#port_call-3.
+
+  Inlined by the compiler.
   """
   def call(port, operation, data) do
     :erlang.port_call(port, operation, data)
@@ -47,6 +59,8 @@ defmodule Port do
 
   @doc """
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#port_info-1.
+
+  Inlined by the compiler.
   """
   def info(port) do
     :erlang.port_info(port)
@@ -54,6 +68,8 @@ defmodule Port do
 
   @doc """
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#port_info-2.
+
+  Inlined by the compiler.
   """
   def info(port, item) do
     :erlang.port_info(port, item)
@@ -61,6 +77,8 @@ defmodule Port do
 
   @doc """
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#ports-0.
+
+  Inlined by the compiler.
   """
   def list do
     :erlang.ports

lib/elixir/lib/process.ex

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ defmodule Process do
   end
 
   @doc """
-  Returns the value for the given key.
+  Returns the value for the given `key`.
   """
   @spec get(term) :: term
   @spec get(term, default :: term) :: term
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ defmodule Process do
   end
 
   @doc """
-  Deletes the given key from the dictionary.
+  Deletes the given `key` from the dictionary.
   """
   @spec delete(term) :: term | nil
   def delete(key) do
@@ -79,11 +79,11 @@ defmodule Process do
     1. If pid is not trapping exits, pid will exit with the given reason.
 
     2. If pid is trapping exits, the exit signal is transformed into a message
-       {:EXIT, from, reason} and delivered to the message queue of pid.
+       `{:EXIT, from, reason}` and delivered to the message queue of pid.
 
     3. If reason is the atom `:normal`, pid will not exit. If it is trapping
-       exits, the exit signal is transformed into a message {:EXIT, from,
-       :normal} and delivered to its message queue.
+       exits, the exit signal is transformed into a message `{:EXIT, from,
+       :normal}` and delivered to its message queue.
 
     4. If reason is the atom `:kill`, that is if `exit(pid, :kill)` is called,
        an untrappable exit signal is sent to pid which will unconditionally
@@ -129,10 +129,10 @@ defmodule Process do
   end
 
   @doc """
-  Sends `msg` to `dest` after `time` millisecons.
+  Sends `msg` to `dest` after `time` milliseconds.
 
-  If `dest` is a pid, it has to be a pid of a local process, dead or alive.
-  If `dest` is an atom, it is supposed to be the name of a registered process
+  If `dest` is a pid, it must be the pid of a local process, dead or alive.
+  If `dest` is an atom, it must be the name of a registered process
   which is looked up at the time of delivery. No error is given if the name does
   not refer to a process.
 
@@ -208,8 +208,8 @@ defmodule Process do
   end
 
   @doc """
-  If monitor_ref is a reference which the calling process
-  obtained by calling monitor/1, this monitoring is turned off.
+  If `monitor_ref` is a reference which the calling process
+  obtained by calling `monitor/1`, this monitoring is turned off.
   If the monitoring is already turned off, nothing happens.
 
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#demonitor-2 for more info.
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ defmodule Process do
   processes currently existing on the local node.
 
   Note that a process that is exiting, exists but is not alive, i.e.,
-  alive?/1 will return false for a process that is exiting,
+  `alive?/1` will return `false` for a process that is exiting,
   but its process identifier will be part of the result returned.
 
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#processes-0 for more info.
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ defmodule Process do
 
   @doc """
   Removes the link, if there is one, between the calling process and
-  the process or port referred to by `pid`. Returns true and does not
+  the process or port referred to by `pid`. Returns `true` and does not
   fail, even if there is no link or `id` does not exist
 
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#unlink-1 for more info.
@@ -265,13 +265,13 @@ defmodule Process do
   end
 
   @doc """
-  Associates the name with a pid or a port identifier. name, which must
+  Associates the name with a pid or a port identifier. `name`, which must
   be an atom, can be used instead of the pid / port identifier with the
   `Kernel.send/2` function.
 
   `Process.register/2` will fail with `ArgumentError` if the pid supplied
   is no longer alive, (check with `alive?/1`) or if the name is
-  already registered (check with `registered?/1`).
+  already registered (check with `whereis/1`).
   """
   @spec register(pid | port, atom) :: true
   def register(pid, name) when not name in [nil, false, true] do
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ defmodule Process do
 
   @doc """
   Returns the pid or port identifier with the registered name.
-  Returns nil if the name is not registered.
+  Returns `nil` if the name is not registered.
 
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#whereis-1 for more info.
   """
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ defmodule Process do
 
   @doc """
   Sets the group leader of `pid` to `leader`. Typically, this is used when a processes
-  started from a certain shell should have another group leader than `:init`.
+  started from a certain shell should have a group leader other than `:init`.
   """
   @spec group_leader(pid, leader :: pid) :: true
   def group_leader(pid, leader) do
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ defmodule Process do
   end
 
   @doc """
-  Returns a list of names which have been registered using register/2.
+  Returns a list of names which have been registered using `register/2`.
   """
   @spec registered :: [atom]
   def registered do
@@ -339,9 +339,9 @@ defmodule Process do
   end
 
   @doc """
-  Sets certain flags for the process Pid, in the same manner as flag/2.
-  Returns the old value of the flag. The allowed values for Flag are
-  only a subset of those allowed in flag/2, namely: save_calls.
+  Sets certain flags for the process `pid`, in the same manner as `flag/2`.
+  Returns the old value of the flag. The allowed values for `flag` are
+  only a subset of those allowed in `flag/2`, namely: `save_calls`.
 
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#process_flag-3 for more info.
   """
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ defmodule Process do
   end
 
   @doc """
-  Returns information about the process identified by pid or nil if the process
+  Returns information about the process identified by `pid` or `nil` if the process
   is not alive.
   Use this only for debugging information.
 
@@ -363,8 +363,8 @@ defmodule Process do
   end
 
   @doc """
-  Returns information about the process identified by pid
-  or nil if the process is not alive.
+  Returns information about the process identified by `pid`
+  or `nil` if the process is not alive.
 
   See http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#process_info-2 for more info.
   """

lib/elixir/lib/protocol.ex

@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ defmodule Protocol do
 
   defp after_defprotocol do
     quote bind_quoted: [builtin: builtin] do
-      @spec impl_for(term) :: module | nil
+      @spec impl_for(term) :: atom() | nil
       Kernel.def impl_for(data)
 
       # Define the implementation for structs.
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ defmodule Protocol do
         end
       end
 
-      @spec impl_for!(term) :: module | no_return
+      @spec impl_for!(term) :: atom() | no_return()
       Kernel.def impl_for!(data) do
         impl_for(data) || raise(Protocol.UndefinedError, protocol: __MODULE__, value: data)
       end
@@ -494,12 +494,19 @@ defmodule Protocol do
       @protocol [fallback_to_any: !!@fallback_to_any, consolidated: false]
 
       @doc false
-      @spec __protocol__(atom) :: term
-      Kernel.def __protocol__(:name),      do: __MODULE__
+      @spec __protocol__(:name) :: __MODULE__
+      @spec __protocol__(:functions) :: unquote(Protocol.__functions_spec__(@functions))
+      Kernel.def __protocol__(:name), do: __MODULE__
       Kernel.def __protocol__(:functions), do: unquote(:lists.sort(@functions))
     end
   end
 
+  @doc false
+  def __functions_spec__([]),
+    do: []
+  def __functions_spec__([h|t]),
+    do: [:lists.foldl(&{:|, [], [&1, &2]}, h, t), quote(do: ...)]
+
   @doc false
   def __impl__(protocol, opts) do
     do_defimpl(protocol, :lists.keysort(1, opts))
@@ -510,6 +517,20 @@ defmodule Protocol do
   end
 
   defp do_defimpl(protocol, [do: block, for: for]) do
+    # Unquote the implementation just later
+    # when all variables will already be injected
+    # into the module body.
+    __impl__ =
+      quote unquote: false do
+        @doc false
+        @spec __impl__(:for) :: unquote(for)
+        @spec __impl__(:target) :: __MODULE__
+        @spec __impl__(:protocol) :: unquote(protocol)
+        def __impl__(:for),      do: unquote(for)
+        def __impl__(:target),   do: __MODULE__
+        def __impl__(:protocol), do: unquote(protocol)
+      end
+
     quote do
       protocol = unquote(protocol)
       for      = unquote(for)
@@ -527,11 +548,7 @@ defmodule Protocol do
         Module.register_attribute(__MODULE__, :impl, persist: true)
         @impl [protocol: @protocol, for: @for]
 
-        @doc false
-        @spec __impl__(atom) :: term
-        def __impl__(:target),   do: __MODULE__
-        def __impl__(:protocol), do: @protocol
-        def __impl__(:for),      do: @for
+        unquote(__impl__)
       end
     end
   end
@@ -576,7 +593,9 @@ defmodule Protocol do
             @impl [protocol: unquote(protocol), for: unquote(for)]
 
             @doc false
-            @spec __impl__(atom) :: term
+            @spec __impl__(:target) :: unquote(impl)
+            @spec __impl__(:protocol) :: unquote(protocol)
+            @spec __impl__(:for) :: unquote(for)
             def __impl__(:target),   do: unquote(impl)
             def __impl__(:protocol), do: unquote(protocol)
             def __impl__(:for),      do: unquote(for)
@@ -592,10 +611,10 @@ defmodule Protocol do
 
     found =
       for {:spec, expr, caller} <- specs,
-          Kernel.Typespec.spec_to_signature(expr) == signature do
-          Kernel.Typespec.define_spec(:callback, expr, caller)
-          true
-        end
+        Kernel.Typespec.spec_to_signature(expr) == signature do
+        Kernel.Typespec.define_spec(:callback, expr, caller)
+        true
+      end
 
     found != []
   end

lib/elixir/lib/range.ex

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ defmodule Range do
   @moduledoc """
   Defines a Range.
 
-  A Range are represented internally as a struct. However,
+  A Range is represented internally as a struct. However,
   the most common form of creating and matching on ranges
   is via the `../2` macro, auto-imported from Kernel:
 
@@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ defmodule Range do
 
   defstruct first: nil, last: nil
 
-  @type t(first, last) :: %{__struct__: Range, first: first, last: last}
+  @type t :: %Range{}
+  @type t(first, last) :: %Range{first: first, last: last}
 
   @doc """
   Creates a new range.

lib/elixir/lib/record.ex

@@ -20,6 +20,20 @@ defmodule Record do
   The macros `defrecord/3` and `defrecordp/3` can be used to create
   records while `extract/2` can be used to extract records from Erlang
   files.
+
+  ## Types
+
+  Types can be defined for tuples with the `record/2` macro (only available
+  in typespecs). Like with the generated record macros it will expand to
+  a tuple.
+
+      defmodule MyModule do
+        require Record
+        Record.defrecord :user name: "José", age: 25
+
+        @type user :: record(:user, name: String.t, age: integer)
+        # expands to: `@type user :: {:user, String.t, integer}`
+      end
   """
 
   @doc """
@@ -111,6 +125,7 @@ defmodule Record do
   ## Examples
 
       defmodule User do
+        require Record
         Record.defrecord :user, [name: "José", age: "25"]
       end
 
@@ -118,8 +133,8 @@ defmodule Record do
   arities will be defined to manipulate the underlying record:
 
       # To create records
-      user()        #=> {:user, "José", 25}
-      user(age: 26) #=> {:user, "José", 26}
+      record = user()        #=> {:user, "José", 25}
+      record = user(age: 26) #=> {:user, "José", 26}
 
       # To get a field from the record
       user(record, :name) #=> "José"
@@ -127,10 +142,14 @@ defmodule Record do
       # To update the record
       user(record, age: 26) #=> {:user, "José", 26}
 
+      # Convert a record to a keyword list
+      user(record) #=> [name: "José", age: 26]
+
   By default, Elixir uses the record name as the first element of
   the tuple (the tag). But it can be changed to something else:
 
       defmodule User do
+        require Record
         Record.defrecord :user, User, name: nil
       end
 
@@ -190,8 +209,15 @@ defmodule Record do
       Keyword.keyword?(args) ->
         create(atom, fields, args, caller)
       true ->
-        msg = "expected arguments to be a compile time atom or keywords, got: #{Macro.to_string args}"
-        raise ArgumentError, msg
+        case Macro.expand(args, caller) do
+          {:{}, _, [^atom|list]} when length(list) == length(fields) ->
+            record = List.to_tuple([atom|list])
+            Macro.escape(Record.__keyword__(atom, fields, record))
+          {^atom, arg} when length(fields) == 1 ->
+            Macro.escape(Record.__keyword__(atom, fields, {atom, arg}))
+          _ ->
+            quote do: Record.__keyword__(unquote(atom), unquote(fields), unquote(args))
+        end
     end
   end
 
@@ -279,4 +305,21 @@ defmodule Record do
   defp find_index([{k, _}|_], k, i), do: i + 2
   defp find_index([{_, _}|t], k, i), do: find_index(t, k, i + 1)
   defp find_index([], _k, _i), do: nil
+
+  # Returns a keyword list of the record
+  @doc false
+  def __keyword__(atom, fields, record) do
+    if record?(record, atom) do
+      [_tag|values] = Tuple.to_list(record)
+      join_keyword(fields, values, [])
+    else
+      msg = "expected argument to be a literal atom, literal keyword or a #{inspect atom} record, got runtime: #{inspect record}"
+      raise ArgumentError, msg
+    end
+  end
+
+  defp join_keyword([{field, _default}|fields], [value|values], acc),
+    do: join_keyword(fields, values, [{field, value}| acc])
+  defp join_keyword([], [], acc),
+    do: :lists.reverse(acc)
 end

lib/elixir/lib/regex.ex

@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ defmodule Regex do
 
   The modifiers available when creating a Regex are:
 
-    * `unicode` (u) - enables unicode specific patterns like `\p`; it expects
-      valid unicode strings to be given on match
+    * `unicode` (u) - enables unicode specific patterns like `\p` and changes
+      modifiers like `\w`, `\W`, `\s` and friends to also match on unicode.
+      It expects valid unicode strings to be given on match
 
     * `caseless` (i) - add case insensitivity
 
@@ -75,7 +76,9 @@ defmodule Regex do
 
   """
 
-  defstruct re_pattern: nil :: term, source: "" :: binary, opts: "" :: binary
+  defstruct re_pattern: nil, source: "", opts: ""
+
+  @opaque t :: %__MODULE__{re_pattern: term, source: binary, opts: binary}
 
   defmodule CompileError do
     defexception message: "regex could not be compiled"
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ defmodule Regex do
   def compile(source, options \\ "")
 
   def compile(source, options) when is_binary(options) do
-    case translate_options(options) do
+    case translate_options(options, []) do
       {:error, rest} ->
         {:error, {:invalid_option, rest}}
 
@@ -471,12 +474,12 @@ defmodule Regex do
 
   defp apply_list(whole, string, pos, replacement, [[{mpos, _} | _] | _] = list) when mpos > pos do
     length = mpos - pos
-    <<untouched :: [size(length), binary], rest :: binary>> = string
+    <<untouched :: binary-size(length), rest :: binary>> = string
     [untouched | apply_list(whole, rest, mpos, replacement, list)]
   end
 
   defp apply_list(whole, string, pos, replacement, [[{mpos, length} | _] = head | tail]) when mpos == pos do
-    <<_ :: [size(length), binary], rest :: binary>> = string
+    <<_ :: size(length)-binary, rest :: binary>> = string
     new_data = apply_replace(whole, replacement, head)
     [new_data | apply_list(whole, rest, pos + length, replacement, tail)]
   end
@@ -509,7 +512,7 @@ defmodule Regex do
   end
 
   defp get_index(string, {pos, len}) do
-    <<_ :: [size(pos), binary], res :: [size(len), binary], _ :: binary>> = string
+    <<_ :: size(pos)-binary, res :: size(len)-binary, _ :: binary>> = string
     res
   end
 
@@ -559,18 +562,13 @@ defmodule Regex do
 
   # Private Helpers
 
-  defp translate_options(<<?g, t :: binary>>) do
-    IO.write :stderr, "The /g flag for regular expressions is no longer needed\n#{Exception.format_stacktrace}"
-    translate_options(t)
-  end
-
-  defp translate_options(<<?u, t :: binary>>), do: [:unicode|translate_options(t)]
-  defp translate_options(<<?i, t :: binary>>), do: [:caseless|translate_options(t)]
-  defp translate_options(<<?x, t :: binary>>), do: [:extended|translate_options(t)]
-  defp translate_options(<<?f, t :: binary>>), do: [:firstline|translate_options(t)]
-  defp translate_options(<<?r, t :: binary>>), do: [:ungreedy|translate_options(t)]
-  defp translate_options(<<?s, t :: binary>>), do: [:dotall, {:newline, :anycrlf}|translate_options(t)]
-  defp translate_options(<<?m, t :: binary>>), do: [:multiline|translate_options(t)]
-  defp translate_options(<<>>), do: []
-  defp translate_options(rest), do: {:error, rest}
+  defp translate_options(<<?u, t :: binary>>, acc), do: translate_options(t, [:unicode, :ucp|acc])
+  defp translate_options(<<?i, t :: binary>>, acc), do: translate_options(t, [:caseless|acc])
+  defp translate_options(<<?x, t :: binary>>, acc), do: translate_options(t, [:extended|acc])
+  defp translate_options(<<?f, t :: binary>>, acc), do: translate_options(t, [:firstline|acc])
+  defp translate_options(<<?r, t :: binary>>, acc), do: translate_options(t, [:ungreedy|acc])
+  defp translate_options(<<?s, t :: binary>>, acc), do: translate_options(t, [:dotall, {:newline, :anycrlf}|acc])
+  defp translate_options(<<?m, t :: binary>>, acc), do: translate_options(t, [:multiline|acc])
+  defp translate_options(<<>>, acc), do: acc
+  defp translate_options(rest, _acc), do: {:error, rest}
 end

lib/elixir/lib/stream.ex

@@ -91,10 +91,11 @@ defmodule Stream do
 
   defstruct enum: nil, funs: [], accs: [], done: nil
 
-  @type acc :: any
+  @type acc     :: any
   @type element :: any
-  @type index :: non_neg_integer
+  @type index   :: non_neg_integer
   @type default :: any
+  @type       t :: %__MODULE__{}
 
   # Require Stream.Reducers and its callbacks
   require Stream.Reducers, as: R
@@ -427,7 +428,7 @@ defmodule Stream do
   """
   @spec run(Enumerable.t) :: :ok
   def run(stream) do
-    Enumerable.reduce(stream, {:cont, nil}, fn(_, _) -> {:cont, nil} end)
+    _ = Enumerable.reduce(stream, {:cont, nil}, fn(_, _) -> {:cont, nil} end)
     :ok
   end
 
@@ -616,12 +617,14 @@ defmodule Stream do
           {[], user_acc} ->
             do_transform(user_acc, user, fun, next_acc, next, inner_acc, inner)
           {list, user_acc} when is_list(list) ->
-            do_list_transform(user_acc, user, fun, next_acc, next, inner_acc, inner, &Enumerable.List.reduce(list, &1, fun))
+            do_list_transform(user_acc, user, fun, next_acc, next, inner_acc, inner,
+                              &Enumerable.List.reduce(list, &1, fun))
           {:halt, _user_acc} ->
             next.({:halt, next_acc})
             {:halted, elem(inner_acc, 1)}
           {other, user_acc} ->
-            do_other_transform(user_acc, user, fun, next_acc, next, inner_acc, inner, &Enumerable.reduce(other, &1, inner))
+            do_enum_transform(user_acc, user, fun, next_acc, next, inner_acc, inner,
+                              &Enumerable.reduce(other, &1, inner))
         end
       {reason, _} ->
         {reason, elem(inner_acc, 1)}
@@ -633,8 +636,9 @@ defmodule Stream do
       reduce.(inner_acc)
     catch
       kind, reason ->
+        stacktrace = System.stacktrace
         next.({:halt, next_acc})
-        :erlang.raise(kind, reason, :erlang.get_stacktrace)
+        :erlang.raise(kind, reason, stacktrace)
     else
       {:done, acc} ->
         do_transform(user_acc, user, fun, next_acc, next, {:cont, acc}, inner)
@@ -646,29 +650,31 @@ defmodule Stream do
     end
   end
 
-  defp do_other_transform(user_acc, user, fun, next_acc, next, inner_acc, inner, reduce) do
+  defp do_enum_transform(user_acc, user, fun, next_acc, next, {op, inner_acc}, inner, reduce) do
     try do
-      reduce.(inner_acc)
+      reduce.({op, [:outer|inner_acc]})
     catch
-      {:stream_transform, h} ->
-        next.({:halt, next_acc})
-        {:halted, h}
       kind, reason ->
         stacktrace = System.stacktrace
         next.({:halt, next_acc})
         :erlang.raise(kind, reason, stacktrace)
     else
-      {_, acc} ->
+      {:halted, [:outer|acc]} ->
         do_transform(user_acc, user, fun, next_acc, next, {:cont, acc}, inner)
-      {:suspended, acc, c} ->
-        {:suspended, acc, &do_other_transform(user_acc, user, fun, next_acc, next, &1, inner, c)}
+      {:halted, [:inner|acc]} ->
+        next.({:halt, next_acc})
+        {:halted, acc}
+      {:done, [_|acc]} ->
+        do_transform(user_acc, user, fun, next_acc, next, {:cont, acc}, inner)
+      {:suspended, [_|acc], c} ->
+        {:suspended, acc, &do_enum_transform(user_acc, user, fun, next_acc, next, &1, inner, c)}
     end
   end
 
-  defp do_transform_each(x, acc, f) do
+  defp do_transform_each(x, [:outer|acc], f) do
     case f.(x, acc) do
-      {:halt, h} -> throw({:stream_transform, h})
-      {_, _} = o -> o
+      {:halt, res} -> {:halt, [:inner|res]}
+      {op, res}    -> {op, [:outer|res]}
     end
   end
 

lib/elixir/lib/string.ex

@@ -231,7 +231,14 @@ defmodule String do
 
   def split("", _pattern, _options), do: [""]
 
-  def split(binary, "", options), do: split(binary, ~r""u, options)
+  def split(binary, "", options) do
+    index =
+      case Keyword.get(options, :parts, :infinity) do
+        num when is_number(num) and num > 0 -> num
+        _ -> 0
+      end
+    split_codepoints(binary, index - 1, Keyword.get(options, :trim, false))
+  end
 
   def split(binary, pattern, options) do
     if Regex.regex?(pattern) do
@@ -253,6 +260,14 @@ defmodule String do
     end
   end
 
+  defp split_codepoints(binary, 0, _trim), do: [binary]
+  defp split_codepoints(<<h :: utf8, t :: binary>>, count, trim),
+    do: [<<h :: utf8>>|split_codepoints(t, count - 1, trim)]
+  defp split_codepoints(<<h, t :: binary>>, count, trim),
+    do: [<<h>>|split_codepoints(t, count - 1, trim)]
+  defp split_codepoints(<<>>, _, true), do: []
+  defp split_codepoints(<<>>, _, false), do: [""]
+
   defp split_parts("", _pattern, _num),         do: [""]
   defp split_parts(binary, pattern, num),       do: split_parts(binary, pattern, num, [])
   defp split_parts("", _pattern, _num, parts),  do: Enum.reverse([""|parts])
@@ -974,8 +989,13 @@ defmodule String do
   @doc """
   Returns a substring starting at the offset given by the first, and
   a length given by the second.
+
   If the offset is greater than string length, then it returns `""`.
 
+  Remember this function works with unicode codepoints and consider
+  the slices to represent codepoints offsets. If you want to split
+  on raw bytes, check `Kernel.binary_part/3` instead.
+
   ## Examples
 
       iex> String.slice("elixir", 1, 3)
@@ -1028,6 +1048,14 @@ defmodule String do
   If the start of the range is not a valid offset for the given
   string or if the range is in reverse order, returns `""`.
 
+  If the start or end of the range are negative, the whole string
+  is traversed first in order to convert the negative indexes into
+  positive ones.
+
+  Remember this function works with unicode codepoints and consider
+  the slices to represent codepoints offsets. If you want to split
+  on raw bytes, check `Kernel.binary_part/3` instead.
+
   ## Examples
 
       iex> String.slice("elixir", 1..3)

lib/elixir/lib/string_io.ex

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ defmodule StringIO do
   end
 
   defp do_get_chars(input, :latin1, n) do
-    <<chars :: [binary, size(n)], rest :: binary>> = input
+    <<chars :: binary-size(n), rest :: binary>> = input
     {chars, rest}
   end
 
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ defmodule StringIO do
         {buf_count, split_pos} when buf_count < n or split_pos == :none ->
           {input, ""}
         {_buf_count, split_pos} ->
-          <<chars :: [binary, size(split_pos)], rest :: binary>> = input
+          <<chars :: binary-size(split_pos), rest :: binary>> = input
           {chars, rest}
       end
     catch

lib/elixir/lib/system.ex

@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ defmodule System do
   end
 
   @doc """
-  Register a program exit handler function.
+  Registers a program exit handler function.
 
   Registers a function that will be invoked
   at the end of program execution. Useful for
@@ -215,19 +215,7 @@ defmodule System do
     :elixir_code_server.cast {:at_exit, fun}
   end
 
-  @doc """
-  Execute a system command.
-
-  Executes `command` in a command shell of the target OS,
-  captures the standard output of the command and returns
-  the result as a binary.
-
-  If `command` is a char list, a char list is returned.
-  Otherwise a string, correctly encoded in UTF-8, is expected.
-  """
-  @spec cmd(String.t)  :: String.t
-  @spec cmd(char_list) :: char_list
-
+  @doc false
   def cmd(command) when is_list(command) do
     :os.cmd(command)
   end
@@ -237,21 +225,18 @@ defmodule System do
   end
 
   @doc """
-  Locate an executable on the system.
+  Locates an executable on the system.
 
   This function looks up an executable program given
   its name using the environment variable PATH on Unix
   and Windows. It also considers the proper executable
   extension for each OS, so for Windows it will try to
   lookup files with `.com`, `.cmd` or similar extensions.
-
-  If `program` is a char list, a char list is returned.
-  Returns a binary otherwise.
   """
   @spec find_executable(binary) :: binary | nil
-  @spec find_executable(char_list) :: char_list | nil
 
   def find_executable(program) when is_list(program) do
+    IO.puts :stderr, "warning: passing a char_list to System.find_executable/1 is deprecated\n#{Exception.format_stacktrace}"
     :os.find_executable(program) || nil
   end
 
@@ -387,4 +372,121 @@ defmodule System do
   def halt(status) when is_binary(status) do
     :erlang.halt(String.to_char_list(status))
   end
+
+  @doc """
+  Executes the given `command` with `args`.
+
+  `command` is expected to be an executable available in PATH
+  unless an absolute path is given.
+
+  `args` must be a list of strings and they are not expanded
+  in any way. For example, this means wildcard expansion will
+  not happen unless `Path.wildcard/2` is used. On Windows though,
+  wildcard expansion is up to the program.
+
+  A set of options are also supported and described below.
+
+  ## Options
+
+    * `:into` - injects the result into the given collectable, defaults to `""`
+    * `:cd` - the directory to run the command on
+    * `:env` - an enumerable of tuples containing environment key-value as binary
+    * `:arg0` - set the command arg0
+    * `:stderr_to_stdout` - redirects stderr to stdout when true
+    * `:parallelism` - when true, the VM will schedule port tasks to improve
+      parallelism in the system. If set to false, the VM will try to perform
+      commands immediately, improving latency at the expense of parallelism.
+      The default can be set on system startup by passing the "+spp" argument
+      to `--erl`.
+
+  ## Error reasons
+
+  If invalid arguments are given, `ArgumentError` is raised by
+  `System.cmd/3`. `System.cmd/3` also expect a strict set of
+  options and will raise if unknown or invalid options are given.
+
+  Furthermore, `System.cmd/3` may fail with one of the POSIX reasons
+  detailed below:
+
+    * `:system_limit` - all available ports in the Erlang emulator are in use
+
+    * `:enomem` - there was not enough memory to create the port
+
+    * `:eagain` - there are no more available operating system processes
+
+    * `:enametoolong` - the external command given was too long.
+
+    * `:emfile` - there are no more available file descriptors
+      (for the operating system process that the Erlang emulator runs in)
+
+    * `:enfile` - the file table is full (for the entire operating system)
+
+    * `:eacces` - the command does not point to an executable file
+
+    * `:enoent` - the command does not point to an existing file
+
+  ## Shell commands
+
+  If you desire to execute a trusted command inside a shell, with pipes,
+  redirecting and so on, please check
+  [Erlang's :os.cmd/1 function](http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/os.html#cmd-1).
+  """
+  @spec cmd(binary, [binary], Keyword.t) ::
+        {:ok, Collectable.t, exit_status :: non_neg_integer} | {:error, atom}
+  def cmd(command, args, opts \\ []) when is_binary(command) and is_list(args) do
+    command = String.to_char_list(command)
+
+    command =
+      if Path.type(command) == :absolute do
+        command
+      else
+        :os.find_executable(command) || command
+      end
+
+    {into, opts} = cmd_opts(opts, [:use_stdio, :exit_status, :binary, :hide, args: args], "")
+    {initial, fun} = Collectable.into(into)
+    do_cmd Port.open({:spawn_executable, command}, opts), initial, fun
+  end
+
+  defp do_cmd(port, acc, fun) do
+    receive do
+      {^port, {:data, data}} ->
+        do_cmd(port, fun.(acc, {:cont, data}), fun)
+      {^port, {:exit_status, status}} ->
+        {fun.(acc, :done), status}
+    end
+  end
+
+  defp cmd_opts([{:into, any}|t], opts, _into),
+    do: cmd_opts(t, opts, any)
+
+  defp cmd_opts([{:cd, bin}|t], opts, into) when is_binary(bin),
+    do: cmd_opts(t, [{:cd, bin}|opts], into)
+
+  defp cmd_opts([{:arg0, bin}|t], opts, into) when is_binary(bin),
+    do: cmd_opts(t, [{:arg0, bin}|opts], into)
+
+  defp cmd_opts([{:stderr_to_stdout, bool}|t], opts, into) when is_boolean(bool),
+    do: cmd_opts(t, [:stderr_to_stdout|opts], into)
+
+  defp cmd_opts([{:parallelism, bool}|t], opts, into) when is_boolean(bool),
+    do: cmd_opts(t, [{:parallelism, bool}|opts], into)
+
+  defp cmd_opts([{:env, enum}|t], opts, into),
+    do: cmd_opts(t, [{:env, validate_env(enum)}|opts], into)
+
+  defp cmd_opts([{key, val}|_], _opts, _into),
+    do: raise(ArgumentError, "invalid option #{inspect key} with value #{inspect val}")
+
+  defp cmd_opts([], opts, into),
+    do: {into, opts}
+
+  defp validate_env(enum) do
+    Enum.map enum, fn
+      {k, v} ->
+        {String.to_char_list(k), String.to_char_list(v)}
+      other ->
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid environment key-value #{inspect other}"
+    end
+  end
 end

lib/elixir/lib/task.ex

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ defmodule Task do
   They are implemented by spawning a process that sends a message
   to the caller once the given computation is performed.
 
-  Besides `async/1` and `await/2`, tasks can also be 
+  Besides `async/1` and `await/2`, tasks can also be
   started as part of supervision trees and dynamically spawned
   in remote nodes. We will explore all three scenarios next.
 
@@ -93,6 +93,8 @@ defmodule Task do
   """
   defstruct pid: nil, ref: nil
 
+  @type t :: %__MODULE__{}
+
   @doc """
   Starts a task as part of a supervision tree.
   """

lib/elixir/lib/task/supervised.ex

@@ -89,12 +89,12 @@ defmodule Task.Supervised do
     {fun, args} = get_running(mfa)
 
     :error_logger.format(
-      "** Task ~p terminating~n" <>
-      "** Started from ~p~n" <>
-      "** When function  == ~p~n" <>
-      "**      arguments == ~p~n" <>
-      "** Reason for termination == ~n" <>
-      "** ~p~n", [self, get_from(info), fun, args, reason])
+      '** Task ~p terminating~n' ++
+      '** Started from ~p~n' ++
+      '** When function  == ~p~n' ++
+      '**      arguments == ~p~n' ++
+      '** Reason for termination == ~n' ++
+      '** ~p~n', [self, get_from(info), fun, args, reason])
 
     exit(reason)
   end

lib/elixir/lib/uri.ex

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ defmodule URI do
             fragment: nil, authority: nil,
             userinfo: nil, host: nil, port: nil
 
+  @type t :: %__MODULE__{}
+
   import Bitwise
 
   @ports %{

lib/elixir/lib/version.ex

@@ -58,14 +58,26 @@ defmodule Version do
 
   @type version     :: String.t | t
   @type requirement :: String.t | Version.Requirement.t
-  @type matchable   :: {major :: String.t | non_neg_integer,
-                        minor :: non_neg_integer | nil,
-                        patch :: non_neg_integer | nil,
-                        pre   :: [String.t]}
+  @type major       :: String.t | non_neg_integer
+  @type minor       :: non_neg_integer | nil
+  @type patch       :: non_neg_integer | nil
+  @type pre         :: [String.t]
+  @type build       :: String.t | nil
+  @type matchable   :: {major :: major,
+                        minor :: minor,
+                        patch :: patch,
+                        pre   :: pre}
+  @type t           :: %__MODULE__{
+                         major: major,
+                         minor: minor,
+                         patch: patch,
+                         pre:   pre,
+                         build: build}
 
   defmodule Requirement do
     @moduledoc false
     defstruct [:source, :matchspec]
+    @type t :: %__MODULE__{}
   end
 
   defmodule InvalidRequirementError do
@@ -157,7 +169,8 @@ defmodule Version do
 
   ## Examples
 
-      iex> Version.parse("2.0.1-alpha1") |> elem(1)
+      iex> {:ok, version} = Version.parse("2.0.1-alpha1")
+      iex> version
       #Version<2.0.1-alpha1>
 
       iex> Version.parse("2.0-alpha1")
@@ -181,7 +194,8 @@ defmodule Version do
 
   ## Examples
 
-      iex> Version.parse_requirement("== 2.0.1") |> elem(1)
+      iex> {:ok, req} = Version.parse_requirement("== 2.0.1")
+      iex> req
       #Version.Requirement<== 2.0.1>
 
       iex> Version.parse_requirement("== == 2.0.1")

lib/elixir/src/elixir.erl

@@ -28,8 +28,10 @@ start(_Type, _Args) ->
       error   -> [binary]
     end,
 
-  io:setopts(standard_io, Opts),
-  io:setopts(standard_error, [{unicode,true}]),
+  ok = io:setopts(standard_io, Opts),
+  %% Must use undocument {unicode, true} to set unicode on standard_error, more
+  %% info: http://erlang.org/pipermail/erlang-bugs/2014-April/004310.html
+  ok = io:setopts(standard_error, [{unicode,true}]),
   case file:native_name_encoding() of
     latin1 ->
       io:format(standard_error,
@@ -51,13 +53,13 @@ config_change(_Changed, _New, _Remove) ->
 %% escript entry point
 
 main(Args) ->
-  application:start(?MODULE),
+  ok = application:ensure_started(?MODULE),
   'Elixir.Kernel.CLI':main(Args).
 
 %% Boot and process given options. Invoked by Elixir's script.
 
 start_cli() ->
-  application:start(?MODULE),
+  ok = application:ensure_started(?MODULE),
   'Elixir.Kernel.CLI':main(init:get_plain_arguments()).
 
 %% EVAL HOOKS
@@ -153,14 +155,19 @@ eval_forms(Tree, Binding, Env, Scope) ->
     {atom, _, Atom} ->
       {Atom, Binding, NewEnv, NewScope};
     _  ->
-      {value, Value, NewBinding} = erl_eval(Erl, ParsedBinding),
+      {value, Value, NewBinding} = erl_eval(Erl, ParsedBinding, Env),
       {Value, elixir_scope:dump_binding(NewBinding, NewScope), NewEnv, NewScope}
   end.
 
-erl_eval(Erl, ParsedBinding) ->
+erl_eval(Erl, ParsedBinding, E) ->
+  case erl_eval:check_command([Erl], ParsedBinding) of
+    ok -> ok;
+    {error, Desc} -> elixir_errors:handle_file_error(?m(E, file), Desc)
+  end,
+
   % Below must be all one line for locations to be the same when the stacktrace
   % needs to be extended to the full stacktrace.
-  try erl_eval:expr(Erl, ParsedBinding) catch Class:Exception -> erlang:raise(Class, Exception, get_stacktrace()) end.
+  try erl_eval:expr(Erl, ParsedBinding, none, none, none) catch Class:Exception -> erlang:raise(Class, Exception, get_stacktrace()) end.
 
 get_stacktrace() ->
   Stacktrace = erlang:get_stacktrace(),

lib/elixir/src/elixir_bitstring.erl

@@ -35,70 +35,106 @@ expand_bitstr(Fun, [H|T], Acc, E) ->
 
 %% Expand bit info
 
-expand_bit_info(Meta, Info, E) when is_list(Info) ->
-  expand_bit_info(Meta, Info, default, [], E);
-
 expand_bit_info(Meta, Info, E) ->
-  expand_bit_info(Meta, [Info], E).
+  expand_bit_info(Meta, unpack_bit_info(Meta, Info, E), default, [], E).
 
-expand_bit_info(Meta, [{Expr, ExprMeta, Args}|T], Size, Types, E) when is_atom(Expr) ->
-  ListArgs = if is_atom(Args) -> []; is_list(Args) -> Args end,
-  case expand_bit_type_or_size(Expr, ListArgs) of
-    type ->
-      {EArgs, EE} = elixir_exp:expand_args(ListArgs, E),
-      expand_bit_info(Meta, T, Size, [{Expr, [], EArgs}|Types], EE);
-    size ->
-      case Size of
-        default -> ok;
-        _ -> elixir_errors:compile_error(Meta, ?m(E, file), "duplicated size definition in bitstring")
+expand_bit_info(Meta, [{size, _, [_]=Args}|T], Size, Types, E) ->
+  case Size of
+    default ->
+      {[EArg], EE} = elixir_exp:expand_args(Args, E),
+
+      case EArg of
+        {Var, _, Context} when is_atom(Var) and is_atom(Context) ->
+          ok;
+        _ when is_integer(EArg) ->
+          ok;
+        _ ->
+          elixir_errors:compile_error(Meta, ?m(E, file),
+            "size in bitstring expects an integer or a variable as argument, got: ~ts",
+            ['Elixir.Macro':to_string(EArg)])
       end,
-      {EArgs, EE} = elixir_exp:expand_args(ListArgs, E),
-      expand_bit_info(Meta, T, {Expr, [], EArgs}, Types, EE);
-    none ->
-      handle_unknown_bit_info(Meta, {Expr, ExprMeta, ListArgs}, T, Size, Types, E)
+
+      expand_bit_info(Meta, T, {size, [], [EArg]}, Types, EE);
+    _ ->
+      elixir_errors:compile_error(Meta, ?m(E, file),
+        "duplicated size definition in bitstring")
   end;
 
-expand_bit_info(Meta, [Int|T], Size, Types, E) when is_integer(Int) ->
-  expand_bit_info(Meta, [{size, [], [Int]}|T], Size, Types, E);
+expand_bit_info(Meta, [{Expr, ExprMeta, Args}|T], Size, Types, E) when is_atom(Expr) ->
+  case expand_bit_type(Expr, Args) of
+    type ->
+      {EArgs, EE} = elixir_exp:expand_args(Args, E),
+      validate_bit_type_args(Meta, Expr, EArgs, EE),
+      expand_bit_info(Meta, T, Size, [{Expr, [], EArgs}|Types], EE);
+    none ->
+      handle_unknown_bit_info(Meta, {Expr, ExprMeta, Args}, T, Size, Types, E)
+  end;
 
 expand_bit_info(Meta, [Expr|_], _Size, _Types, E) ->
   elixir_errors:compile_error(Meta, ?m(E, file),
     "unknown bitstring specifier ~ts", ['Elixir.Kernel':inspect(Expr)]);
 
-expand_bit_info(_Meta, [], Size, Types, _) ->
-  case Size of
+expand_bit_info(Meta, [], Size, Types, _) ->
+  [H|T] = case Size of
     default -> lists:reverse(Types);
-    _ -> [Size|lists:reverse(Types)]
-  end.
+    _       -> lists:reverse(Types, [Size])
+  end,
+  lists:foldl(fun(I, Acc) -> {'-', Meta, [Acc, I]} end, H, T).
 
-expand_bit_type_or_size(binary, [])    -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(integer, [])   -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(float, [])     -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(bitstring, []) -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(bytes, [])     -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(bits, [])      -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(utf8, [])      -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(utf16, [])     -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(utf32, [])     -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(signed, [])    -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(unsigned, [])  -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(big, [])       -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(little, [])    -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(native, [])    -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(unit, [_])     -> type;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(size, [_])     -> size;
-expand_bit_type_or_size(_, _)          -> none.
+expand_bit_type(binary, [])    -> type;
+expand_bit_type(integer, [])   -> type;
+expand_bit_type(float, [])     -> type;
+expand_bit_type(bitstring, []) -> type;
+expand_bit_type(bytes, [])     -> type;
+expand_bit_type(bits, [])      -> type;
+expand_bit_type(utf8, [])      -> type;
+expand_bit_type(utf16, [])     -> type;
+expand_bit_type(utf32, [])     -> type;
+expand_bit_type(signed, [])    -> type;
+expand_bit_type(unsigned, [])  -> type;
+expand_bit_type(big, [])       -> type;
+expand_bit_type(little, [])    -> type;
+expand_bit_type(native, [])    -> type;
+expand_bit_type(unit, [_])     -> type;
+expand_bit_type(_, _)          -> none.
 
-handle_unknown_bit_info(Meta, {_, ExprMeta, _} = Expr, T, Size, Types, E) ->
-  case 'Elixir.Macro':expand(Expr, elixir_env:linify({?line(ExprMeta), E})) of
+validate_bit_type_args(Meta, unit, [Unit], E) when not is_integer(Unit) ->
+  elixir_errors:compile_error(Meta, ?m(E, file),
+    "unit in bitstring expects an integer as argument, got: ~ts",
+    ['Elixir.Macro':to_string(Unit)]);
+validate_bit_type_args(_Meta, _Expr, _Args, _E) ->
+  ok.
+
+handle_unknown_bit_info(Meta, Expr, T, Size, Types, E) ->
+  case 'Elixir.Macro':expand(Expr, elixir_env:linify({?line(Meta), E})) of
     Expr ->
-      elixir_errors:compile_error(ExprMeta, ?m(E, file),
+      elixir_errors:compile_error(Meta, ?m(E, file),
         "unknown bitstring specifier ~ts", ['Elixir.Macro':to_string(Expr)]);
-    Other ->
-      List = case is_list(Other) of true -> Other; false -> [Other] end,
-      expand_bit_info(Meta, List ++ T, Size, Types, E)
+    Info ->
+      expand_bit_info(Meta, unpack_bit_info(Meta, Info, E) ++ T, Size, Types, E)
   end.
 
+%% Deprecate me: we can remove unpack_bit_info/3 once deprecated.
+unpack_bit_info(Meta, [H|T], _E) ->
+  Dashed = lists:foldl(fun(I, Acc) -> {'-', Meta, [Acc, I]} end, H, T),
+  unpack_bit_info(Dashed, []);
+unpack_bit_info(_Meta, Expr, _E) ->
+  unpack_bit_info(Expr, []).
+
+unpack_bit_info({'-', _, [H, T]}, Acc) ->
+  unpack_bit_info(H, unpack_bit_info(T, Acc));
+unpack_bit_info({'*', _, [{'_', _, Atom}, Unit]}, Acc) when is_atom(Atom) and is_integer(Unit) ->
+  [{unit, [], [Unit]}|Acc];
+unpack_bit_info({'*', _, [Size, Unit]}, Acc) when is_integer(Size) and is_integer(Unit) ->
+  [{size, [], [Size]}, {unit, [], [Unit]}|Acc];
+unpack_bit_info(Size, Acc) when is_integer(Size) ->
+  [{size, [], [Size]}|Acc];
+unpack_bit_info({Expr, Meta, Args}, Acc) when is_atom(Expr) ->
+  ListArgs = if is_atom(Args) -> []; is_list(Args) -> Args end,
+  [{Expr, Meta, ListArgs}|Acc];
+unpack_bit_info(Other, Acc) ->
+  [Other|Acc].
+
 %% Translation
 
 has_size({bin, _, Elements}) ->
@@ -124,7 +160,7 @@ build_bitstr_each(_Fun, [], _Meta, S, Acc) ->
   {Acc, S};
 
 build_bitstr_each(Fun, [{'::',_,[H,V]}|T], Meta, S, Acc) ->
-  {Size, Types} = extract_bit_info(Meta, V, S#elixir_scope{context=nil}),
+  {Size, Types} = extract_bit_info(V, S#elixir_scope{context=nil}),
   build_bitstr_each(Fun, T, Meta, S, Acc, H, Size, Types);
 
 build_bitstr_each(Fun, [H|T], Meta, S, Acc) ->
@@ -201,23 +237,20 @@ unit_size([], Guess)           -> Guess.
 
 %% Extra bitstring specifiers
 
-extract_bit_info(Meta, [{size, _, [Arg]}|T], S) ->
-  case elixir_translator:translate(Arg, S) of
-    {{Kind, _, _} = Size, _} when Kind == integer; Kind == var ->
-      {Size, extract_bit_type(Meta, T, S)};
-    _ ->
-      elixir_errors:compile_error(Meta, S#elixir_scope.file,
-        "size in bitstring expects an integer or a variable as argument, got: ~ts", ['Elixir.Macro':to_string(Arg)])
-  end;
-extract_bit_info(Meta, T, S) ->
-  {default, extract_bit_type(Meta, T, S)}.
+extract_bit_info({'-', _, [L, {size, _, [Size]}]}, S) ->
+  {extract_bit_size(Size, S), extract_bit_type(L, [])};
+extract_bit_info({size, _, [Size]}, S) ->
+  {extract_bit_size(Size, S), []};
+extract_bit_info(L, _S) ->
+  {default, extract_bit_type(L, [])}.
 
-extract_bit_type(Meta, [{unit, _, [Arg]}|T], S) when is_integer(Arg) ->
-  [{unit, Arg}|extract_bit_type(Meta, T, S)];
-extract_bit_type(Meta, [{unit, _, [Arg]}|_], S) ->
-  elixir_errors:compile_error(Meta, S#elixir_scope.file,
-    "unit in bitstring expects an integer as argument, got: ~ts", ['Elixir.Macro':to_string(Arg)]);
-extract_bit_type(Meta, [{Other, _, []}|T], S) ->
-  [Other|extract_bit_type(Meta, T, S)];
-extract_bit_type(_Meta, [], _S) ->
-  [].
+extract_bit_size(Size, S) ->
+  {TSize, _} = elixir_translator:translate(Size, S),
+  TSize.
+
+extract_bit_type({'-', _, [L, R]}, Acc) ->
+  extract_bit_type(L, extract_bit_type(R, Acc));
+extract_bit_type({unit, _, [Arg]}, Acc) ->
+  [{unit, Arg}|Acc];
+extract_bit_type({Other, _, []}, Acc) ->
+  [Other|Acc].

lib/elixir/src/elixir_code_server.erl

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
   loaded=[],
   at_exit=[],
   pool={[],0},
+  paths={[],[]},
   compiler_options=[{docs,true},{debug_info,true},{warnings_as_errors,false}],
   erl_compiler_options=nil
 }).
@@ -27,9 +28,13 @@ start_link() ->
   gen_server:start_link({local, ?MODULE}, ?MODULE, ok, []).
 
 init(ok) ->
-  code:ensure_loaded('Elixir.Macro.Env'),
-  code:ensure_loaded('Elixir.Module.LocalsTracker'),
-  code:ensure_loaded('Elixir.Kernel.LexicalTracker'),
+  %% We attempt to load those modules here so throughout
+  %% the codebase we can use a code:is_loaded/1 check on
+  %% bootstrap instead of using the more expensive
+  %% code:ensure_loaded/1 multiple times.
+  _ = code:ensure_loaded('Elixir.Macro.Env'),
+  _ = code:ensure_loaded('Elixir.Module.LocalsTracker'),
+  _ = code:ensure_loaded('Elixir.Kernel.LexicalTracker'),
   {ok, #elixir_code_server{}}.
 
 handle_call({acquire, Path}, From, Config) ->
@@ -64,7 +69,8 @@ handle_call({compilation_status, CompilerPid}, _From, Config) ->
   CompilationStatusList    = Config#elixir_code_server.compilation_status,
   CompilationStatusListNew = orddict:erase(CompilerPid, CompilationStatusList),
   CompilationStatus        = orddict:fetch(CompilerPid, CompilationStatusList),
-  {reply, CompilationStatus, Config#elixir_code_server{compilation_status=CompilationStatusListNew}};
+  {reply, CompilationStatus,
+   Config#elixir_code_server{compilation_status=CompilationStatusListNew}};
 
 handle_call(retrieve_module_name, _From, Config) ->
   case Config#elixir_code_server.pool of
@@ -83,6 +89,9 @@ handle_call(erl_compiler_options, _From, Config) ->
       {reply, Opts, Config}
   end;
 
+handle_call(paths, _From, Config) ->
+  {reply, Config#elixir_code_server.paths, Config};
+
 handle_call(Request, _From, Config) ->
   {stop, {badcall, Request}, Config}.
 
@@ -115,7 +124,7 @@ handle_cast({loaded, Path}, Config) ->
     {ok, true} ->
       {noreply, Config};
     {ok, {Ref, List}} when is_list(List), is_reference(Ref) ->
-      [Pid ! {elixir_code_server, Ref, loaded} || {Pid, _Tag} <- lists:reverse(List)],
+      _ = [Pid ! {elixir_code_server, Ref, loaded} || {Pid, _Tag} <- lists:reverse(List)],
       Done = orddict:store(Path, true, Current),
       {noreply, Config#elixir_code_server{loaded=Done}};
     error ->
@@ -131,6 +140,9 @@ handle_cast({unload_files, Files}, Config) ->
 handle_cast({return_module_name, H}, #elixir_code_server{pool={T,Counter}} = Config) ->
   {noreply, Config#elixir_code_server{pool={[H|T],Counter}}};
 
+handle_cast({paths, PA, PZ}, #elixir_code_server{} = Config) ->
+  {noreply, Config#elixir_code_server{paths={PA,PZ}}};
+
 handle_cast(Request, Config) ->
   {stop, {badcast, Request}, Config}.
 

lib/elixir/src/elixir_compiler.erl

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ file(Relative) when is_binary(Relative) ->
 
 file_to_path(File, Path) when is_binary(File), is_binary(Path) ->
   Lists = file(File),
-  [binary_to_path(X, Path) || X <- Lists],
+  _ = [binary_to_path(X, Path) || X <- Lists],
   Lists.
 
 %% Evaluation
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ module(Forms, File, Options, Bootstrap, Callback) when
   case compile:noenv_forms([no_auto_import()|Forms], [return,{source,Listname}|Options]) of
     {ok, ModuleName, Binary, Warnings} ->
       format_warnings(Bootstrap, Warnings),
-      code:load_binary(ModuleName, Listname, Binary),
+      {module, ModuleName} = code:load_binary(ModuleName, Listname, Binary),
       Callback(ModuleName, Binary);
     {error, Errors, Warnings} ->
       format_warnings(Bootstrap, Warnings),
@@ -157,14 +157,14 @@ no_auto_import() ->
 %% CORE HANDLING
 
 core() ->
-  application:start(elixir),
+  ok = application:ensure_started(elixir),
   elixir_code_server:cast({compiler_options, [{docs,false},{internal,true}]}),
   [core_file(File) || File <- core_main()].
 
 core_file(File) ->
   try
     Lists = file(File),
-    [binary_to_path(X, "lib/elixir/ebin") || X <- Lists],
+    _ = [binary_to_path(X, "lib/elixir/ebin") || X <- Lists],
     io:format("Compiled ~ts~n", [File])
   catch
     Kind:Reason ->
@@ -214,11 +214,11 @@ format_errors([]) ->
 format_errors(Errors) ->
   lists:foreach(fun ({File, Each}) ->
     BinFile = elixir_utils:characters_to_binary(File),
-    lists:foreach(fun (Error) -> elixir_errors:handle_file_error(BinFile, Error) end, Each)
+    lists:foreach(fun(Error) -> elixir_errors:handle_file_error(BinFile, Error) end, Each)
   end, Errors).
 
 format_warnings(Bootstrap, Warnings) ->
   lists:foreach(fun ({File, Each}) ->
     BinFile = elixir_utils:characters_to_binary(File),
-    lists:foreach(fun (Warning) -> elixir_errors:handle_file_warning(Bootstrap, BinFile, Warning) end, Each)
+    lists:foreach(fun(Warning) -> elixir_errors:handle_file_warning(Bootstrap, BinFile, Warning) end, Each)
   end, Warnings).

lib/elixir/src/elixir_def.erl

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 -module(elixir_def).
 -export([table/1, clauses_table/1, setup/1,
   cleanup/1, reset_last/1, lookup_definition/2,
-  delete_definition/2, store_definition/6, unwrap_definitions/1,
+  delete_definition/2, store_definition/6, unwrap_definitions/2,
   store_each/8, format_error/1]).
 -include("elixir.hrl").
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ store_definition(Line, Kind, CheckClauses, Call, Body, Pos) ->
   {Name, Args} = case NameAndArgs of
     {N, _, A} when is_atom(N), is_atom(A) -> {N, []};
     {N, _, A} when is_atom(N), is_list(A) -> {N, A};
-    _ -> elixir_errors:form_error(Line, ?m(E, file), ?MODULE, {invalid_def, Kind, NameAndArgs})
+    _ -> elixir_errors:form_error([{line, Line}], ?m(E, file), ?MODULE, {invalid_def, Kind, NameAndArgs})
   end,
 
   %% Now that we have verified the call format,
@@ -64,11 +64,17 @@ store_definition(Line, Kind, CheckClauses, Call, Body, Pos) ->
   DoCheckClauses = (not lists:keymember(context, 1, Meta)) andalso (CheckClauses),
 
   %% Check if there is a file information in the definition.
-  %% If so, we assume this come from another source and we need
-  %% to linify taking into account keep line numbers.
-  {File, Key}  = case lists:keyfind(file, 1, Meta) of
-    {file, Bin} when is_binary(Bin) -> {Bin, keep};
-    _ -> {nil, line}
+  %% If so, we assume this come from another source and
+  %% we need to linify taking into account keep line numbers.
+  {Location, Key} = case lists:keyfind(file, 1, Meta) of
+    {file, KeepFile} when is_binary(KeepFile) ->
+      case lists:keyfind(keep, 1, Meta) of
+        {keep, KeepLine} when is_integer(KeepLine) -> KeepLine;
+        _ -> KeepLine = 0
+      end,
+      {{KeepFile, KeepLine}, keep};
+    _ ->
+      {nil, line}
   end,
 
   LinifyArgs   = elixir_quote:linify(Line, Key, Args),
@@ -77,15 +83,15 @@ store_definition(Line, Kind, CheckClauses, Call, Body, Pos) ->
 
   assert_no_aliases_name(Line, Name, Args, E),
   store_definition(Line, Kind, DoCheckClauses, Name,
-                   LinifyArgs, LinifyGuards, LinifyBody, File, E).
+                   LinifyArgs, LinifyGuards, LinifyBody, Location, E).
 
-store_definition(Line, Kind, CheckClauses, Name, Args, Guards, Body, MetaFile, #{module := Module} = ER) ->
+store_definition(Line, Kind, CheckClauses, Name, Args, Guards, Body, KeepLocation, #{module := Module} = ER) ->
   Arity = length(Args),
   Tuple = {Name, Arity},
   E = ER#{function := Tuple},
   elixir_locals:record_definition(Tuple, Kind, Module),
 
-  Location = retrieve_location(Line, MetaFile, Module),
+  Location = retrieve_location(KeepLocation, Module),
   {Function, Defaults, Super} = translate_definition(Kind, Line, Module, Name, Args, Guards, Body, E),
 
   DefaultsLength = length(Defaults),
@@ -115,31 +121,36 @@ run_on_definition_callbacks(Kind, Line, Module, Name, Args, Guards, Expr, E) ->
     _ ->
       Env = elixir_env:linify({Line, E}),
       Callbacks = 'Elixir.Module':get_attribute(Module, on_definition),
-      [Mod:Fun(Env, Kind, Name, Args, Guards, Expr) || {Mod, Fun} <- Callbacks]
+      _ = [Mod:Fun(Env, Kind, Name, Args, Guards, Expr) || {Mod, Fun} <- Callbacks],
+      ok
   end.
 
 make_struct_available(def, Module, '__struct__', []) ->
   case erlang:get(elixir_compiler_pid) of
     undefined -> ok;
-    Pid -> Pid ! {struct_available, Module}
+    Pid ->
+      Pid ! {struct_available, Module},
+      ok
   end;
 make_struct_available(_, _, _, _) ->
   ok.
 
-%% Retrieve location from meta file or @file, otherwise nil
+%% Retrieve location from meta file (if Key == keep)
+%% or @file, otherwise nil
 
-retrieve_location(Line, File, Module) ->
+retrieve_location(Location, Module) ->
   case get_location_attribute(Module) of
-    nil when not is_binary(File) ->
-      nil;
-    nil ->
+    nil when is_tuple(Location) ->
+      {File, Line} = Location,
       {normalize_location(File), Line};
-    X when is_binary(X) ->
+    nil ->
+      nil;
+    File when is_binary(File) ->
       'Elixir.Module':delete_attribute(Module, file),
-      {normalize_location(X), 0};
-    {X, L} when is_binary(X) andalso is_integer(L) ->
+      {normalize_location(File), 0};
+    {File, Line} when is_binary(File) andalso is_integer(Line) ->
       'Elixir.Module':delete_attribute(Module, file),
-      {normalize_location(X), L}
+      {normalize_location(File), Line}
   end.
 
 get_location_attribute(Module) ->
@@ -148,8 +159,8 @@ get_location_attribute(Module) ->
     false -> 'Elixir.Module':get_attribute(Module, file)
   end.
 
-normalize_location(X) ->
-  elixir_utils:characters_to_list(elixir_utils:relative_to_cwd(X)).
+normalize_location(File) ->
+  elixir_utils:characters_to_list(elixir_utils:relative_to_cwd(File)).
 
 %% Compile super
 
@@ -179,7 +190,7 @@ translate_definition(Kind, Line, Module, Name, Args, Guards, Body, E) when is_in
 translate_clause(nil, _Line, _Kind, _Args, [], _Body, _S) ->
   {[], false};
 translate_clause(nil, Line, Kind, _Args, _Guards, _Body, #elixir_scope{file=File}) ->
-  elixir_errors:form_error(Line, File, ?MODULE, {missing_do, Kind});
+  elixir_errors:form_error([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE, {missing_do, Kind});
 translate_clause(_, Line, Kind, Args, Guards, Body, S) ->
   {TClause, TS} = elixir_clauses:clause(Line,
     fun elixir_translator:translate_args/2, Args, Body, Guards, true, S),
@@ -216,88 +227,117 @@ is_macro(_)         -> false.
 % Unwrap the functions stored in the functions table.
 % It returns a list of all functions to be exported, plus the macros,
 % and the body of all functions.
-unwrap_definitions(Module) ->
-  Table = table(Module),
+unwrap_definitions(File, Module) ->
+  Table  = table(Module),
   CTable = clauses_table(Module),
   ets:delete(Table, last),
-  unwrap_definition(ets:tab2list(Table), CTable, [], [], [], [], [], [], []).
 
-unwrap_definition([Fun|T], CTable, All, Exports, Private, Def, Defmacro, Functions, Tail) ->
-  Tuple   = element(1, Fun),
-  Clauses = [Clause || {_, Clause} <- ets:lookup(CTable, Tuple)],
+  {All, Private} = unwrap_definition(ets:tab2list(Table), File, Module, CTable, [], []),
+  Unreachable = elixir_locals:warn_unused_local(File, Module, Private),
+  split_definition(All, Unreachable, [], [], [], [], {[], []}).
 
-  {NewFun, NewExports, NewPrivate, NewDef, NewDefmacro} =
-    case Clauses of
-      [] -> {false, Exports, Private, Def, Defmacro};
-      _  -> unwrap_definition(element(2, Fun), Tuple, Fun, Exports, Private, Def, Defmacro)
-    end,
+unwrap_definition([Fun|T], File, Module, CTable, All, Private) ->
+  {Tuple, Kind, Line, _, Check, Location, {Defaults, _, _}} = Fun,
+  Export = export(Kind, Tuple),
 
-  {NewFunctions, NewTail} = case NewFun of
+  case [Clause || {_, Clause} <- ets:lookup(CTable, Tuple)] of
+    [] ->
+      warn_bodyless_function(Line, File, Module, Kind, Tuple),
+      unwrap_definition(T, File, Module, CTable, All, Private);
+    Clauses ->
+      Unwrapped = {Tuple, Kind, Line, Location,
+                   function_for_stored_definition(Line, Export, Clauses)},
+
+      NewPrivate =
+        if
+          Kind == defp; Kind == defmacrop ->
+            [{Tuple, Kind, Line, Check, Defaults}|Private];
+          true ->
+            Private
+        end,
+
+      unwrap_definition(T, File, Module, CTable, [Unwrapped|All], NewPrivate)
+  end;
+
+unwrap_definition([], _File, _Module, _CTable, All, Private) ->
+  {All, Private}.
+
+split_definition([{Tuple, def, Line, Location, Body}|T], Unreachable,
+                 Def, Defp, Defmacro, Defmacrop, Functions) ->
+  split_definition(T, Unreachable, [Tuple|Def], Defp, Defmacro, Defmacrop,
+                   add_definition(Line, Location, Body, Functions));
+
+split_definition([{Tuple, defp, Line, Location, Body}|T], Unreachable,
+                 Def, Defp, Defmacro, Defmacrop, Functions) ->
+  case lists:member(Tuple, Unreachable) of
     false ->
-      NewAll = All,
-      {Functions, Tail};
-    _ ->
-      NewAll = [Tuple|All],
-      function_for_stored_definition(NewFun, Clauses, Functions, Tail)
-  end,
+      split_definition(T, Unreachable, Def, [Tuple|Defp], Defmacro, Defmacrop,
+                       add_definition(Line, Location, Body, Functions));
+    true ->
+      split_definition(T, Unreachable, Def, [Tuple|Defp], Defmacro, Defmacrop, Functions)
+  end;
 
-  unwrap_definition(T, CTable, NewAll, NewExports, NewPrivate,
-    NewDef, NewDefmacro, NewFunctions, NewTail);
-unwrap_definition([], _CTable, All, Exports, Private, Def, Defmacro, Functions, Tail) ->
-  {All, Exports, Private, ordsets:from_list(Def),
-    ordsets:from_list(Defmacro), lists:reverse(Tail ++ Functions)}.
+split_definition([{Tuple, defmacro, Line, Location, Body}|T], Unreachable,
+                 Def, Defp, Defmacro, Defmacrop, Functions) ->
+  split_definition(T, Unreachable, Def, Defp, [Tuple|Defmacro], Defmacrop,
+                   add_definition(Line, Location, Body, Functions));
 
-unwrap_definition(def, Tuple, Fun, Exports, Private, Def, Defmacro) ->
-  {Fun, [Tuple|Exports], Private, [Tuple|Def], Defmacro};
-unwrap_definition(defmacro, {Name, Arity} = Tuple, Fun, Exports, Private, Def, Defmacro) ->
-  Macro = {elixir_utils:macro_name(Name), Arity + 1},
-  {setelement(1, Fun, Macro), [Macro|Exports], Private, Def, [Tuple|Defmacro]};
-unwrap_definition(defp, Tuple, Fun, Exports, Private, Def, Defmacro) ->
-  %% {Name, Arity}, Kind, Line, Check, Defaults
-  Info = {Tuple, defp, element(3, Fun), element(5, Fun), element(7, Fun)},
-  {Fun, Exports, [Info|Private], Def, Defmacro};
-unwrap_definition(defmacrop, Tuple, Fun, Exports, Private, Def, Defmacro) ->
-  %% {Name, Arity}, Kind, Line, Check, Defaults
-  Info  = {Tuple, defmacrop, element(3, Fun), element(5, Fun), element(7, Fun)},
-  {false, Exports, [Info|Private], Def, Defmacro}.
+split_definition([{Tuple, defmacrop, _Line, _Location, _Body}|T], Unreachable,
+                 Def, Defp, Defmacro, Defmacrop, Functions) ->
+  split_definition(T, Unreachable, Def, Defp, Defmacro, [Tuple|Defmacrop], Functions);
+
+split_definition([], _Unreachable, Def, Defp, Defmacro, Defmacrop, {Head, Tail}) ->
+  {Def, Defp, Defmacro, Defmacrop, Head ++ Tail}.
 
 %% Helpers
 
-function_for_stored_definition({{Name,Arity}, _, Line, _, _, nil, _}, Clauses, Functions, Tail) ->
-  {[{function, Line, Name, Arity, Clauses}|Functions], Tail};
+export(Kind, {Name, Arity}) when Kind == defmacro; Kind == defmacrop ->
+  {elixir_utils:macro_name(Name), Arity + 1};
+export(Kind, {Name, Arity}) when Kind == def; Kind == defp ->
+  {Name, Arity}.
 
-function_for_stored_definition({{Name,Arity}, _, Line, _, _, Location, _}, Clauses, Functions, Tail) ->
-  {Functions, [
-    {function, Line, Name, Arity, Clauses},
-    {attribute, Line, file, Location} | Tail
-  ]}.
+function_for_stored_definition(Line, {Name,Arity}, Clauses) ->
+  {function, Line, Name, Arity, Clauses}.
+
+add_definition(_Line, nil, Body, {Head, Tail}) ->
+  {[Body|Head], Tail};
+add_definition(Line, Location, Body, {Head, Tail}) ->
+  {Head,
+   [{attribute, Line, file, Location}, Body|Tail]}.
 
 default_function_for(Kind, Name, {clause, Line, Args, _Guards, _Exprs} = Clause)
     when Kind == defmacro; Kind == defmacrop ->
   {function, Line, Name, length(Args) - 1, [Clause]};
-
 default_function_for(_, Name, {clause, Line, Args, _Guards, _Exprs} = Clause) ->
   {function, Line, Name, length(Args), [Clause]}.
 
+warn_bodyless_function(_Line, _File, Special, _Kind, _Tuple)
+    when Special == 'Elixir.Kernel.SpecialForms'; Special == 'Elixir.Module' ->
+  ok;
+warn_bodyless_function(Line, File, _Module, Kind, Tuple) ->
+  elixir_errors:form_warn([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE, {bodyless_fun, Kind, Tuple}),
+  ok.
+
 %% Store each definition in the table.
 %% This function also checks and emit warnings in case
 %% the kind, of the visibility of the function changes.
 
 store_each(Check, Kind, File, Location, Table, CTable, Defaults, {function, Line, Name, Arity, Clauses}) ->
   Tuple = {Name, Arity},
+  HasBody = Clauses =/= [],
   case ets:lookup(Table, Tuple) of
-    [{Tuple, StoredKind, StoredLine, StoredFile, StoredCheck, StoredLocation, StoredDefaults}] ->
+    [{Tuple, StoredKind, StoredLine, StoredFile, StoredCheck, StoredLocation, {StoredDefaults, LastHasBody, LastDefaults}}] ->
       FinalLine = StoredLine,
       FinalLocation = StoredLocation,
-      FinalDefaults = max(Defaults, StoredDefaults),
+      FinalDefaults = {max(Defaults, StoredDefaults), HasBody, Defaults},
       check_valid_kind(Line, File, Name, Arity, Kind, StoredKind),
       (Check and StoredCheck) andalso
         check_valid_clause(Line, File, Name, Arity, Kind, Table, StoredLine, StoredFile),
-      check_valid_defaults(Line, File, Name, Arity, Kind, Defaults, StoredDefaults);
+      check_valid_defaults(Line, File, Name, Arity, Kind, Defaults, LastDefaults, LastHasBody);
     [] ->
       FinalLine = Line,
       FinalLocation = Location,
-      FinalDefaults = Defaults
+      FinalDefaults = {Defaults, HasBody, Defaults}
   end,
   Check andalso ets:insert(Table, {last, {Name, Arity}}),
   ets:insert(CTable, [{Tuple, Clause} || Clause <- Clauses ]),
@@ -307,7 +347,7 @@ store_each(Check, Kind, File, Location, Table, CTable, Defaults, {function, Line
 
 check_valid_kind(_Line, _File, _Name, _Arity, Kind, Kind) -> [];
 check_valid_kind(Line, File, Name, Arity, Kind, StoredKind) ->
-  elixir_errors:form_error(Line, File, ?MODULE,
+  elixir_errors:form_error([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE,
     {changed_kind, {Name, Arity, StoredKind, Kind}}).
 
 check_valid_clause(Line, File, Name, Arity, Kind, Table, StoredLine, StoredFile) ->
@@ -315,21 +355,29 @@ check_valid_clause(Line, File, Name, Arity, Kind, Table, StoredLine, StoredFile)
     {Name,Arity} -> [];
     [] -> [];
     _ ->
-      Relative = elixir_utils:relative_to_cwd(StoredFile),
-      elixir_errors:handle_file_warning(File, {Line, ?MODULE,
-        {ungrouped_clause, {Kind, Name, Arity, StoredLine, Relative}}})
+      Relative = elixir_utils:relative_to_cwd(elixir_utils:relative_to_cwd(StoredFile)),
+      elixir_errors:form_warn([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE,
+        {ungrouped_clause, {Kind, Name, Arity, StoredLine, Relative}})
   end.
 
-check_valid_defaults(_Line, _File, _Name, _Arity, _Kind, 0, _) -> [];
-check_valid_defaults(Line, File, Name, Arity, Kind, _, 0) ->
-  elixir_errors:handle_file_warning(File, {Line, ?MODULE, {out_of_order_defaults, {Kind, Name, Arity}}});
-check_valid_defaults(Line, File, Name, Arity, Kind, _, _) ->
-  elixir_errors:form_error(Line, File, ?MODULE, {clauses_with_defaults, {Kind, Name, Arity}}).
+% Any clause after clause with defaults (body less does not count)
+check_valid_defaults(Line, File, Name, Arity, Kind, _, StoredDefaults, true) when StoredDefaults > 0 ->
+  elixir_errors:form_error([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE,
+    {clauses_with_defaults, {Kind, Name, Arity}});
+% Clause without defaults
+check_valid_defaults(_Line, _File, _Name, _Arity, _Kind, 0, _, _) -> [];
+% Clause with defaults after clause without defaults
+check_valid_defaults(Line, File, Name, Arity, Kind, _, 0, _) ->
+  elixir_errors:form_warn([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE, {out_of_order_defaults, {Kind, Name, Arity}});
+% Clause with defaults after clause with defaults
+check_valid_defaults(Line, File, Name, Arity, Kind, _, _, _) ->
+  elixir_errors:form_error([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE,
+    {clauses_with_defaults, {Kind, Name, Arity}}).
 
 check_previous_defaults(Table, Line, Name, Arity, Kind, Defaults, E) ->
-  Matches = ets:match(Table, {{Name, '$2'}, '$1', '_', '_', '_', '_', '$3'}),
+  Matches = ets:match(Table, {{Name, '$2'}, '$1', '_', '_', '_', '_', {'$3', '_', '_'}}),
   [ begin
-      elixir_errors:form_error(Line, ?m(E, file), ?MODULE,
+      elixir_errors:form_error([{line, Line}], ?m(E, file), ?MODULE,
         {defs_with_defaults, Name, {Kind, Arity}, {K, A}})
     end || [K, A, D] <- Matches, A /= Arity, D /= 0, defaults_conflict(A, D, Arity, Defaults)].
 
@@ -339,7 +387,8 @@ defaults_conflict(A, D, Arity, Defaults) ->
 
 check_args_for_bodyless_clause(Line, Args, E) ->
   [ begin
-      elixir_errors:form_error(Line, ?m(E, file), ?MODULE, invalid_args_for_bodyless_clause)
+      elixir_errors:form_error([{line, Line}], ?m(E, file), ?MODULE,
+        invalid_args_for_bodyless_clause)
     end || Arg <- Args, invalid_arg(Arg) ].
 
 invalid_arg({Name, _, Kind}) when is_atom(Name), is_atom(Kind) ->
@@ -350,13 +399,16 @@ invalid_arg(_) ->
   true.
 
 assert_no_aliases_name(Line, '__aliases__', [Atom], #{file := File}) when is_atom(Atom) ->
-  elixir_errors:form_error(Line, File, ?MODULE, {no_alias, Atom});
+  elixir_errors:form_error([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE, {no_alias, Atom});
 
 assert_no_aliases_name(_Meta, _Aliases, _Args, _S) ->
   ok.
 
 %% Format errors
 
+format_error({bodyless_fun, Kind, {Name, Arity}}) ->
+  io_lib:format("bodyless clause provided for nonexistent ~ts ~ts/~B", [Kind, Name, Arity]);
+
 format_error({no_module,{Kind,Name,Arity}}) ->
   io_lib:format("cannot define function outside module, invalid scope for ~ts ~ts/~B", [Kind, Name, Arity]);
 

lib/elixir/src/elixir_def_overridable.erl

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ store(Module, Function, GenerateName) ->
     {_Count, _Clause, _Neighbours, true} -> ok;
     {Count, Clause, Neighbours, false} ->
       overridable(Module, orddict:store(Function, {Count, Clause, Neighbours, true}, Overridable)),
-      {{{Name, Arity}, Kind, Line, File, _Check, Location, Defaults}, Clauses} = Clause,
+      {{{Name, Arity}, Kind, Line, File, _Check, Location, {Defaults, _HasBody, _LastDefaults}}, Clauses} = Clause,
 
       {FinalKind, FinalName} = case GenerateName of
         true  -> {defp, name(Module, Function, Overridable)};
@@ -58,8 +58,9 @@ store(Module, Function, GenerateName) ->
 %% Store pending declarations that were not manually made concrete.
 
 store_pending(Module) ->
-  [store(Module, X, false) || {X, {_, _, _, false}} <- overridable(Module),
-    not 'Elixir.Module':'defines?'(Module, X)].
+  _ = [store(Module, X, false) || {X, {_, _, _, false}} <- overridable(Module),
+    not 'Elixir.Module':'defines?'(Module, X)],
+  ok.
 
 %% Error handling
 
@@ -72,4 +73,4 @@ format_error({no_super, Module, {Name, Arity}}) ->
 format_fa({Name, Arity}) ->
   A = atom_to_binary(Name, utf8),
   B = integer_to_binary(Arity),
-  << A/binary, $/, B/binary >>.
+  << A/binary, $/, B/binary >>.

lib/elixir/src/elixir_dispatch.erl

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 -module(elixir_dispatch).
 -export([dispatch_import/5, dispatch_require/6,
   require_function/5, import_function/4,
-  expand_import/5, expand_require/5,
+  expand_import/6, expand_require/5,
   default_functions/0, default_macros/0, default_requires/0,
   find_import/4, format_error/1]).
 -include("elixir.hrl").
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 -define(list, 'Elixir.List').
 -define(map, 'Elixir.Map').
 -define(node, 'Elixir.Node').
+-define(port, 'Elixir.Port').
 -define(process, 'Elixir.Process').
 -define(string, 'Elixir.String').
 -define(system, 'Elixir.System').
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ remote_function(Meta, Receiver, Name, Arity, E) ->
 
 dispatch_import(Meta, Name, Args, E, Callback) ->
   Arity = length(Args),
-  case expand_import(Meta, {Name, Arity}, Args, E, []) of
+  case expand_import(Meta, {Name, Arity}, Args, E, [], false) of
     {ok, Receiver, Quoted} ->
       expand_quoted(Meta, Receiver, Name, Arity, Quoted, E);
     {ok, Receiver, NewName, NewArgs} ->
@@ -114,12 +115,12 @@ dispatch_require(_Meta, Receiver, Name, Args, _E, Callback) ->
 
 %% Macros expansion
 
-expand_import(Meta, {Name, Arity} = Tuple, Args, E, Extra) ->
-  Module   = ?m(E, module),
-  Dispatch = find_dispatch(Meta, Tuple, Extra, E),
-  Function = ?m(E, function),
-  Local    = (Function /= nil) andalso (Function /= Tuple) andalso
-              elixir_locals:macro_for(Module, Name, Arity),
+expand_import(Meta, {Name, Arity} = Tuple, Args, E, Extra, External) ->
+  Module      = ?m(E, module),
+  Dispatch    = find_dispatch(Meta, Tuple, Extra, E),
+  Function    = ?m(E, function),
+  AllowLocals = External orelse ((Function /= nil) andalso (Function /= Tuple)),
+  Local       = AllowLocals andalso elixir_locals:macro_for(Module, Name, Arity),
 
   case Dispatch of
     %% In case it is an import, we dispatch the import.
@@ -476,6 +477,17 @@ inline(?process, demonitor, 2) -> {erlang, demonitor};
 inline(?process, link, 1) -> {erlang, link};
 inline(?process, unlink, 1) -> {erlang, unlink};
 
+inline(?port, open, 2) -> {erlang, open_port};
+inline(?port, call, 3) -> {erlang, port_call};
+inline(?port, close, 1) -> {erlang, port_close};
+inline(?port, command, 2) -> {erlang, port_command};
+inline(?port, command, 3) -> {erlang, port_command};
+inline(?port, connect, 2) -> {erlang, port_connect};
+inline(?port, control, 3) -> {erlang, port_control};
+inline(?port, info, 1) -> {erlang, port_info};
+inline(?port, info, 2) -> {erlang, port_info};
+inline(?port, list, 0) -> {erlang, ports};
+
 inline(?string, to_float, 1) -> {erlang, binary_to_float};
 inline(?string, to_integer, 1) -> {erlang, binary_to_integer};
 inline(?string, to_integer, 2) -> {erlang, binary_to_integer};
@@ -517,5 +529,9 @@ deprecation('Elixir.EEx.AssignsEngine', '__using__', _) ->
   "check EEx.SmartEngine for how to build custom engines";
 deprecation('Elixir.Kernel', 'xor', _) ->
   true; %% Remember to remove xor operator from tokenizer
+
+% deprecation('Elixir.System', 'cmd', 1) ->
+%   "use System.cmd/3 instead;"
+
 deprecation(_, _, _) ->
   false.

lib/elixir/src/elixir_errors.erl

@@ -2,36 +2,37 @@
 % This is not exposed in the Elixir language.
 -module(elixir_errors).
 -export([compile_error/3, compile_error/4,
-  form_error/4, parse_error/4, warn/2, warn/3,
+  form_error/4, form_warn/4, parse_error/4, warn/2, warn/3,
   handle_file_warning/2, handle_file_warning/3, handle_file_error/2]).
 -include("elixir.hrl").
 
--type line_or_meta() :: integer() | list().
+-spec warn(non_neg_integer(), binary(), iolist()) -> ok.
 
-warn(Warning) ->
-  CompilerPid = get(elixir_compiler_pid),
-  if
-    CompilerPid =/= undefined ->
-      elixir_code_server:cast({register_warning, CompilerPid});
-    true -> false
-  end,
-  io:put_chars(standard_error, Warning).
+warn(Line, File, Warning) when is_integer(Line), is_binary(File) ->
+  warn(file_format(Line, File), Warning).
+
+-spec warn(iolist(), iolist()) -> ok.
 
 warn(Caller, Warning) ->
-  warn([Caller, "warning: ", Warning]).
+  do_warn([Caller, "warning: ", Warning, $\n]).
 
-warn(Line, File, Warning) when is_integer(Line) ->
-  warn(file_format(Line, File, "warning: " ++ Warning)).
+%% General forms handling.
 
-%% Raised during expansion/translation/compilation.
-
--spec form_error(line_or_meta(), binary(), module(), any()) -> no_return().
+-spec form_error(list(), binary(), module(), any()) -> no_return().
 
 form_error(Meta, File, Module, Desc) ->
   compile_error(Meta, File, format_error(Module, Desc)).
 
--spec compile_error(line_or_meta(), binary(), iolist()) -> no_return().
--spec compile_error(line_or_meta(), binary(), iolist(), list()) -> no_return().
+-spec form_warn(list(), binary(), module(), any()) -> ok.
+
+form_warn(Meta, File, Module, Desc) when is_list(Meta) ->
+  {MetaLine, MetaFile} = meta_location(Meta, File),
+  warn(MetaLine, MetaFile, format_error(Module, Desc)).
+
+%% Compilation error.
+
+-spec compile_error(list(), binary(), iolist()) -> no_return().
+-spec compile_error(list(), binary(), iolist(), list()) -> no_return().
 
 compile_error(Meta, File, Message) when is_list(Message) ->
   raise(Meta, File, 'Elixir.CompileError', elixir_utils:characters_to_binary(Message)).
@@ -39,23 +40,23 @@ compile_error(Meta, File, Message) when is_list(Message) ->
 compile_error(Meta, File, Format, Args) when is_list(Format)  ->
   compile_error(Meta, File, io_lib:format(Format, Args)).
 
-%% Raised on tokenizing/parsing
+%% Tokenization parsing/errors.
 
--spec parse_error(line_or_meta(), binary(), binary(), binary()) -> no_return().
+-spec parse_error(non_neg_integer(), binary(), binary(), binary()) -> no_return().
 
-parse_error(Meta, File, Error, <<>>) ->
+parse_error(Line, File, Error, <<>>) ->
   Message = case Error of
     <<"syntax error before: ">> -> <<"syntax error: expression is incomplete">>;
     _ -> Error
   end,
-  raise(Meta, File, 'Elixir.TokenMissingError', Message);
+  do_raise(Line, File, 'Elixir.TokenMissingError', Message);
 
 %% Show a nicer message for missing end tokens
-parse_error(Meta, File, <<"syntax error before: ">>, <<"'end'">>) ->
-  raise(Meta, File, 'Elixir.SyntaxError', <<"unexpected token: end">>);
+parse_error(Line, File, <<"syntax error before: ">>, <<"'end'">>) ->
+  do_raise(Line, File, 'Elixir.SyntaxError', <<"unexpected token: end">>);
 
 %% Binaries are wrapped in [<<...>>], so we need to unwrap them
-parse_error(Meta, File, Error, <<"[", _/binary>> = Full) when is_binary(Error) ->
+parse_error(Line, File, Error, <<"[", _/binary>> = Full) when is_binary(Error) ->
   Rest =
     case binary:split(Full, <<"<<">>) of
       [Lead, Token] ->
@@ -66,27 +67,27 @@ parse_error(Meta, File, Error, <<"[", _/binary>> = Full) when is_binary(Error) -
       [_] ->
         <<$">>
     end,
-  raise(Meta, File, 'Elixir.SyntaxError', <<Error/binary, Rest/binary >>);
+  do_raise(Line, File, 'Elixir.SyntaxError', <<Error/binary, Rest/binary >>);
 
 %% Everything else is fine as is
-parse_error(Meta, File, Error, Token) when is_binary(Error), is_binary(Token) ->
-  Message = <<Error / binary, Token / binary >>,
-  raise(Meta, File, 'Elixir.SyntaxError', Message).
+parse_error(Line, File, Error, Token) when is_binary(Error), is_binary(Token) ->
+  Message = <<Error/binary, Token/binary >>,
+  do_raise(Line, File, 'Elixir.SyntaxError', Message).
 
-%% Handle warnings and errors (called during module compilation)
+%% Handle warnings and errors from Erlang land (called during module compilation)
 
 %% Ignore on bootstrap
-handle_file_warning(true, _File, {_Line, sys_core_fold, nomatch_guard}) -> [];
-handle_file_warning(true, _File, {_Line, sys_core_fold, {nomatch_shadow, _}}) -> [];
+handle_file_warning(true, _File, {_Line, sys_core_fold, nomatch_guard}) -> ok;
+handle_file_warning(true, _File, {_Line, sys_core_fold, {nomatch_shadow, _}}) -> ok;
 
 %% Ignore always
-handle_file_warning(_, _File, {_Line, sys_core_fold, useless_building}) -> [];
+handle_file_warning(_, _File, {_Line, sys_core_fold, useless_building}) -> ok;
 
 %% This is an Erlang bug, it considers {tuple, _}.call to always fail
-handle_file_warning(_, _File, {_Line, v3_kernel, bad_call}) -> [];
+handle_file_warning(_, _File, {_Line, v3_kernel, bad_call}) -> ok;
 
 %% We handle unused local warnings ourselves
-handle_file_warning(_, _File, {_Line, erl_lint, {unused_function, _}}) -> [];
+handle_file_warning(_, _File, {_Line, erl_lint, {unused_function, _}}) -> ok;
 
 %% Make no_effect clauses pretty
 handle_file_warning(_, File, {Line, sys_core_fold, {no_effect, {erlang, F, A}}}) ->
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ handle_file_warning(_, File, {Line,erl_lint,{undefined_behaviour_func,{Fun,Arity
 
 handle_file_warning(_, File, {Line,erl_lint,{undefined_behaviour,Module}}) ->
   case elixir_compiler:get_opt(internal) of
-    true  -> [];
+    true  -> ok;
     false ->
       Message = io_lib:format("behaviour ~ts undefined", [elixir_aliases:inspect(Module)]),
       warn(Line, File, Message)
@@ -124,11 +125,15 @@ handle_file_warning(_, File, {Line,erl_lint,{undefined_behaviour,Module}}) ->
 
 %% Ignore unused vars at "weird" lines (<= 0)
 handle_file_warning(_, _File, {Line,erl_lint,{unused_var,_Var}}) when Line =< 0 ->
-  [];
+  ok;
 
 %% Ignore shadowed vars as we guarantee no conflicts ourselves
 handle_file_warning(_, _File, {_Line,erl_lint,{shadowed_var,_Var,_Where}}) ->
-  [];
+  ok;
+
+%% Rewrite nomatch_guard to be more generic it can happen inside if, unless, etc
+handle_file_warning(_, File, {Line, sys_core_fold, nomatch_guard}) ->
+  warn(Line, File, "this check/guard will always yield the same result");
 
 %% Properly format other unused vars
 handle_file_warning(_, File, {Line,erl_lint,{unused_var,Var}}) ->
@@ -152,39 +157,27 @@ handle_file_error(File, {Line,erl_lint,{unsafe_var,Var,{In,_Where}}}) ->
     _ -> In
   end,
   Message = io_lib:format("cannot define variable ~ts inside ~ts", [format_var(Var), Translated]),
-  raise(Line, File, 'Elixir.CompileError', iolist_to_binary(Message));
+  do_raise(Line, File, 'Elixir.CompileError', elixir_utils:characters_to_binary(Message));
 
 handle_file_error(File, {Line,erl_lint,{spec_fun_undefined,{M,F,A}}}) ->
   Message = io_lib:format("spec for undefined function ~ts.~ts/~B", [elixir_aliases:inspect(M), F, A]),
-  raise(Line, File, 'Elixir.CompileError', iolist_to_binary(Message));
+  do_raise(Line, File, 'Elixir.CompileError', elixir_utils:characters_to_binary(Message));
 
 handle_file_error(File, {Line,Module,Desc}) ->
-  form_error(Line, File, Module, Desc).
+  Message = format_error(Module, Desc),
+  do_raise(Line, File, 'Elixir.CompileError', elixir_utils:characters_to_binary(Message)).
 
 %% Helpers
 
 raise(Meta, File, Kind, Message) when is_list(Meta) ->
-  raise(?line(Meta), File, Kind, Message);
+  {MetaLine, MetaFile} = meta_location(Meta, File),
+  do_raise(MetaLine, MetaFile, Kind, Message).
 
-raise(none, File, Kind, Message) ->
-  raise(0, File, Kind, Message);
+file_format(0, File) ->
+  io_lib:format("~ts: ", [elixir_utils:relative_to_cwd(File)]);
 
-raise(Line, File, Kind, Message) when is_integer(Line), is_binary(File) ->
-  %% Populate the stacktrace so we can raise it
-  try
-    throw(ok)
-  catch
-    ok -> ok
-  end,
-  Stacktrace = erlang:get_stacktrace(),
-  Exception = Kind:exception([{description, Message}, {file, File}, {line, Line}]),
-  erlang:raise(error, Exception, tl(Stacktrace)).
-
-file_format(0, File, Message) when is_binary(File) ->
-  io_lib:format("~ts: ~ts~n", [elixir_utils:relative_to_cwd(File), Message]);
-
-file_format(Line, File, Message) when is_binary(File) ->
-  io_lib:format("~ts:~w: ~ts~n", [elixir_utils:relative_to_cwd(File), Line, Message]).
+file_format(Line, File) ->
+  io_lib:format("~ts:~w: ", [elixir_utils:relative_to_cwd(File), Line]).
 
 format_var(Var) ->
   list_to_atom(lists:takewhile(fun(X) -> X /= $@ end, atom_to_list(Var))).
@@ -215,3 +208,37 @@ translate_comp_op('=<') -> '<=';
 translate_comp_op('=:=') -> '===';
 translate_comp_op('=/=') -> '!==';
 translate_comp_op(Other) -> Other.
+
+meta_location(Meta, File) ->
+  case lists:keyfind(file, 1, Meta) of
+    {file, MetaFile} when is_binary(MetaFile) ->
+      case lists:keyfind(keep, 1, Meta) of
+        {keep, MetaLine} when is_integer(MetaLine) -> ok;
+        _ -> MetaLine = 0
+      end,
+      {MetaLine, MetaFile};
+    _ ->
+      {?line(Meta), File}
+  end.
+
+do_warn(Warning) ->
+  CompilerPid = get(elixir_compiler_pid),
+  if
+    CompilerPid =/= undefined ->
+      elixir_code_server:cast({register_warning, CompilerPid});
+    true -> false
+  end,
+  io:put_chars(standard_error, Warning),
+  ok.
+
+do_raise(none, File, Kind, Message) ->
+  do_raise(0, File, Kind, Message);
+do_raise(Line, File, Kind, Message) when is_integer(Line), is_binary(File), is_binary(Message) ->
+  try
+    throw(ok)
+  catch
+    ok -> ok
+  end,
+  Stacktrace = erlang:get_stacktrace(),
+  Exception = Kind:exception([{description, Message}, {file, File}, {line, Line}]),
+  erlang:raise(error, Exception, tl(Stacktrace)).

lib/elixir/src/elixir_exp.erl

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ expand({quote, Meta, [KV, Do]}, E) when is_list(Do) ->
       false -> compile_error(Meta, E#elixir_scope.file, "missing do keyword in quote")
     end,
 
-  ValidOpts = [context, location, line, unquote, bind_quoted],
+  ValidOpts = [context, location, line, file, unquote, bind_quoted],
   {EKV, ET} = expand_opts(Meta, quote, ValidOpts, KV, E),
 
   Context = case lists:keyfind(context, 1, EKV) of
@@ -185,8 +185,20 @@ expand({quote, Meta, [KV, Do]}, E) when is_list(Do) ->
       end
   end,
 
-  Keep = lists:keyfind(location, 1, EKV) == {location, keep},
-  Line = proplists:get_value(line, EKV, false),
+  {File, Line} = case lists:keyfind(location, 1, EKV) of
+    {location, keep} ->
+      {elixir_utils:relative_to_cwd(?m(E, file)), false};
+    false ->
+      { case lists:keyfind(file, 1, EKV) of
+          {file, F} -> F;
+          false -> nil
+        end,
+
+        case lists:keyfind(line, 1, EKV) of
+          {line, L} -> L;
+          false -> false
+        end }
+  end,
 
   {Binding, DefaultUnquote} = case lists:keyfind(bind_quoted, 1, EKV) of
     {bind_quoted, BQ} -> {BQ, false};
@@ -194,11 +206,11 @@ expand({quote, Meta, [KV, Do]}, E) when is_list(Do) ->
   end,
 
   Unquote = case lists:keyfind(unquote, 1, EKV) of
-    {unquote, Bool} when is_boolean(Bool) -> Bool;
+    {unquote, U} when is_boolean(U) -> U;
     false -> DefaultUnquote
   end,
 
-  Q = #elixir_quote{line=Line, keep=Keep, unquote=Unquote, context=Context},
+  Q = #elixir_quote{line=Line, file=File, unquote=Unquote, context=Context},
 
   {Quoted, _Q} = elixir_quote:quote(Exprs, Binding, Q, ET),
   expand(Quoted, ET);
@@ -296,13 +308,8 @@ expand({Name, Meta, Kind} = Var, #{vars := Vars} = E) when is_atom(Name), is_ato
       VarMeta = lists:keyfind(var, 1, Meta),
       if
         VarMeta == {var, true} ->
-          Extra = case Kind of
-            nil -> "";
-            _   -> io_lib:format(" (context ~ts)", [elixir_aliases:inspect(Kind)])
-          end,
-
-          compile_error(Meta, ?m(E, file), "expected var ~ts~ts to expand to an existing "
-                        "variable or be a part of a match", [Name, Extra]);
+          compile_error(Meta, ?m(E, file), "expected var \"~ts\"~ts to expand to an existing variable "
+                        "or be part of a match", [Name, elixir_scope:context_info(Kind)]);
         true ->
           expand({Name, Meta, []}, E)
       end

lib/elixir/src/elixir_interpolation.erl

@@ -33,11 +33,8 @@ extract(Line, Scope, Interpol, [$\\, $\r, $\n|Rest], Buffer, Output, Last) ->
 extract(Line, Scope, Interpol, [$\n|Rest], Buffer, Output, Last) ->
   extract(Line+1, Scope, Interpol, Rest, [$\n|Buffer], Output, Last);
 
-extract(Line, Scope, Interpol, [$\\, $#, ${|Rest], Buffer, Output, Last) ->
-  extract(Line, Scope, Interpol, Rest, [${,$#|Buffer], Output, Last);
-
-extract(Line, Scope, Interpol, [$\\,Char|Rest], Buffer, Output, Last) ->
-  extract(Line, Scope, Interpol, Rest, [Char,$\\|Buffer], Output, Last);
+extract(Line, Scope, true, [$\\, $#, ${|Rest], Buffer, Output, Last) ->
+  extract(Line, Scope, true, Rest, [${,$#|Buffer], Output, Last);
 
 extract(Line, Scope, true, [$#, ${|Rest], Buffer, Output, Last) ->
   Output1 = build_string(Line, Buffer, Output),
@@ -52,6 +49,9 @@ extract(Line, Scope, true, [$#, ${|Rest], Buffer, Output, Last) ->
       {error, {string, Line, "missing interpolation terminator:}", []}}
   end;
 
+extract(Line, Scope, Interpol, [$\\,Char|Rest], Buffer, Output, Last) ->
+  extract(Line, Scope, Interpol, Rest, [Char,$\\|Buffer], Output, Last);
+
 %% Catch all clause
 
 extract(Line, Scope, Interpol, [Char|Rest], Buffer, Output, Last) ->

lib/elixir/src/elixir_lexical.erl

@@ -27,51 +27,38 @@ run(File, Callback) ->
 %% RECORD
 
 record_alias(Module, Line, Warn, Ref) ->
-  if_tracker(Ref, fun(Pid) ->
-    ?tracker:add_alias(Pid, Module, Line, Warn),
-    true
-  end).
+  if_tracker(Ref, fun(Pid) -> ?tracker:add_alias(Pid, Module, Line, Warn), ok end).
 
 record_import(Module, Line, Warn, Ref) ->
-  if_tracker(Ref, fun(Pid) ->
-    ?tracker:add_import(Pid, Module, Line, Warn),
-    true
-  end).
+  if_tracker(Ref, fun(Pid) -> ?tracker:add_import(Pid, Module, Line, Warn), ok end).
 
 record_alias(Module, Ref) ->
-  if_tracker(Ref, fun(Pid) ->
-    ?tracker:alias_dispatch(Pid, Module),
-    true
-  end).
+  if_tracker(Ref, fun(Pid) -> ?tracker:alias_dispatch(Pid, Module), ok end).
 
 record_import(Module, Ref) ->
-  if_tracker(Ref, fun(Pid) ->
-    ?tracker:import_dispatch(Pid, Module),
-    true
-  end).
+  if_tracker(Ref, fun(Pid) -> ?tracker:import_dispatch(Pid, Module), ok end).
 
 record_remote(Module, Ref) ->
-  if_tracker(Ref, fun(Pid) ->
-    ?tracker:remote_dispatch(Pid, Module),
-    true
-  end).
+  if_tracker(Ref, fun(Pid) -> ?tracker:remote_dispatch(Pid, Module), ok end).
 
 %% HELPERS
 
-if_tracker(nil, _Callback) -> false;
+if_tracker(nil, _Callback) -> ok;
 if_tracker(Pid, Callback) when is_pid(Pid) -> Callback(Pid).
 
 %% ERROR HANDLING
 
 warn_unused_imports(File, Pid) ->
-  [ begin
-      elixir_errors:handle_file_warning(File, {L, ?MODULE, {unused_import, M}})
-    end || {M, L} <- ?tracker:collect_unused_imports(Pid)].
+  [begin
+    elixir_errors:form_warn([{line, L}], File, ?MODULE, {unused_import, M})
+   end || {M, L} <- ?tracker:collect_unused_imports(Pid)],
+  ok.
 
 warn_unused_aliases(File, Pid) ->
-  [ begin
-      elixir_errors:handle_file_warning(File, {L, ?MODULE, {unused_alias, M}})
-    end || {M, L} <- ?tracker:collect_unused_aliases(Pid)].
+  [begin
+    elixir_errors:form_warn([{line, L}], File, ?MODULE, {unused_alias, M})
+   end || {M, L} <- ?tracker:collect_unused_aliases(Pid)],
+  ok.
 
 format_error({unused_alias, Module}) ->
   io_lib:format("unused alias ~ts", [elixir_aliases:inspect(Module)]);

lib/elixir/src/elixir_locals.erl

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
   setup/1, cleanup/1, cache_env/1, get_cached_env/1,
   record_local/2, record_local/3, record_import/4,
   record_definition/3, record_defaults/4,
-  ensure_no_function_conflict/4, warn_unused_local/3, format_error/1
+  ensure_no_import_conflict/4, warn_unused_local/3, format_error/1
 ]).
 -export([macro_for/3, local_for/3, local_for/4]).
 
@@ -73,53 +73,41 @@ rewrite_clause(Else, _) -> Else.
 
 setup(Module) ->
   case code:is_loaded(?tracker) of
-    {file, _} -> ets:insert(Module, {?attr, ?tracker:start_link()});
+    {file, _} -> ets:insert(Module, {?attr, ?tracker:start_link()}), ok;
     false -> ok
   end.
 
 cleanup(Module) ->
-  if_tracker(Module, fun(Pid) -> unlink(Pid), ?tracker:stop(Pid) end).
+  if_tracker(Module, fun(Pid) -> unlink(Pid), ?tracker:stop(Pid), ok end).
 
 record_local(Tuple, Module) when is_atom(Module) ->
-  if_tracker(Module, fun(Pid) ->
-    ?tracker:add_local(Pid, Tuple),
-    true
-  end).
+  if_tracker(Module, fun(Pid) -> ?tracker:add_local(Pid, Tuple), ok end).
 record_local(Tuple, _Module, Function)
-  when Function == nil; Function == Tuple -> false;
+  when Function == nil; Function == Tuple -> ok;
 record_local(Tuple, Module, Function) ->
-  if_tracker(Module, fun(Pid) ->
-    ?tracker:add_local(Pid, Function, Tuple),
-    true
-  end).
+  if_tracker(Module, fun(Pid) -> ?tracker:add_local(Pid, Function, Tuple), ok end).
 
 record_import(_Tuple, Receiver, Module, _Function)
   when Module == nil; Module == Receiver -> false;
 record_import(Tuple, Receiver, Module, Function) ->
-  if_tracker(Module, fun(Pid) ->
-    ?tracker:add_import(Pid, Function, Receiver, Tuple),
-    true
-  end).
+  if_tracker(Module, fun(Pid) -> ?tracker:add_import(Pid, Function, Receiver, Tuple), ok end).
 
 record_definition(Tuple, Kind, Module) ->
-  if_tracker(Module, fun(Pid) ->
-    ?tracker:add_definition(Pid, Kind, Tuple),
-    true
-  end).
+  if_tracker(Module, fun(Pid) -> ?tracker:add_definition(Pid, Kind, Tuple), ok end).
 
 record_defaults(_Tuple, _Kind, _Module, 0) ->
-  true;
+  ok;
 record_defaults(Tuple, Kind, Module, Defaults) ->
-  if_tracker(Module, fun(Pid) ->
-    ?tracker:add_defaults(Pid, Kind, Tuple, Defaults),
-    true
-  end).
+  if_tracker(Module, fun(Pid) -> ?tracker:add_defaults(Pid, Kind, Tuple, Defaults), ok end).
 
 if_tracker(Module, Callback) ->
+  if_tracker(Module, ok, Callback).
+
+if_tracker(Module, Default, Callback) ->
   try ets:lookup_element(Module, ?attr, 2) of
     Pid -> Callback(Pid)
   catch
-    error:badarg -> false
+    error:badarg -> Default
   end.
 
 %% CACHING
@@ -140,25 +128,29 @@ get_cached_env(Env) -> Env.
 
 %% ERROR HANDLING
 
-ensure_no_function_conflict(Meta, File, Module, AllDefined) ->
-  if_tracker(Module, fun(Pid) ->
-    [ begin
-        elixir_errors:form_error(Meta, File, ?MODULE, {function_conflict, Error})
-      end || Error <- ?tracker:collect_imports_conflicts(Pid, AllDefined) ]
-  end),
-  ok.
+ensure_no_import_conflict(_Line, _File, 'Elixir.Kernel', _All) ->
+  ok;
+ensure_no_import_conflict(Line, File, Module, All) ->
+  if_tracker(Module, ok, fun(Pid) ->
+    _ = [ begin
+        elixir_errors:form_error([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE, {function_conflict, Error})
+      end || Error <- ?tracker:collect_imports_conflicts(Pid, All) ],
+    ok
+  end).
 
 warn_unused_local(File, Module, Private) ->
-  if_tracker(Module, fun(Pid) ->
-    Args = [ {Fun, Kind, Defaults} ||
-             {Fun, Kind, _Line, true, Defaults} <- Private],
+  if_tracker(Module, [], fun(Pid) ->
+    Args = [{Fun, Kind, Defaults} ||
+            {Fun, Kind, _Line, true, Defaults} <- Private],
 
-    Unused = ?tracker:collect_unused_locals(Pid, Args),
+    {Unreachable, Warnings} = ?tracker:collect_unused_locals(Pid, Args),
 
-    [ begin
-        {_, _, Line, _, _} = lists:keyfind(element(2, Error), 1, Private),
-        elixir_errors:handle_file_warning(File, {Line, ?MODULE, Error})
-      end || Error <- Unused ]
+    [begin
+      {_, _, Line, _, _} = lists:keyfind(element(2, Error), 1, Private),
+      elixir_errors:form_warn([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE, Error)
+     end || Error <- Warnings ],
+
+    Unreachable
   end).
 
 format_error({function_conflict,{Receivers, Name, Arity}}) ->

lib/elixir/src/elixir_map.erl

@@ -22,19 +22,8 @@ expand_struct(Meta, Left, Right, E) ->
 
   EMeta =
     case lists:member(ELeft, ?m(E, context_modules)) of
-      true ->
-        case (ELeft == ?m(E, module)) and
-             (?m(E, function) == nil) of
-          true ->
-            compile_error(Meta, ?m(E, file),
-              "cannot access struct ~ts in body of the module that defines it as "
-              "the struct fields are not yet accessible",
-              [elixir_aliases:inspect(ELeft)]);
-          false ->
-            [{struct, context}|Meta]
-        end;
-      false ->
-        Meta
+      true  -> [{struct, context}|Meta];
+      false -> Meta
     end,
 
   case ERight of
@@ -90,12 +79,11 @@ translate_struct(Meta, Name, {'%{}', MapMeta, Args}, S) ->
 %% Helpers
 
 load_struct(Meta, Name, S) ->
+  Context = lists:keyfind(struct, 1, Meta) == {struct, context},
+
   Local =
     elixir_module:is_open(Name) andalso
-    (case lists:keyfind(struct, 1, Meta) of
-      {struct, context} -> true;
-      _ -> wait_for_struct(Name)
-    end),
+      (Context orelse wait_for_struct(Name)),
 
   try
     case Local of
@@ -112,8 +100,16 @@ load_struct(Meta, Name, S) ->
   catch
     error:undef ->
       Inspected = elixir_aliases:inspect(Name),
-      compile_error(Meta, S#elixir_scope.file, "~ts.__struct__/0 is undefined, "
-        "cannot expand struct ~ts", [Inspected, Inspected])
+
+      case Context of
+        true ->
+          compile_error(Meta, S#elixir_scope.file,
+            "cannot access struct ~ts in the same context that defines it as "
+            "the struct fields are not yet accessible", [Inspected]);
+        false ->
+          compile_error(Meta, S#elixir_scope.file, "~ts.__struct__/0 is undefined, "
+            "cannot expand struct ~ts", [Inspected, Inspected])
+      end
   end.
 
 wait_for_struct(Module) ->

lib/elixir/src/elixir_module.erl

@@ -42,35 +42,40 @@ compile(Module, Block, Vars, #{line := Line} = Env) when is_atom(Module) ->
   end;
 
 compile(Module, _Block, _Vars, #{line := Line, file := File}) ->
-  elixir_errors:form_error(Line, File, ?MODULE, {invalid_module, Module}).
+  elixir_errors:form_error([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE, {invalid_module, Module}).
 
 do_compile(Line, Module, Block, Vars, E) ->
   File = ?m(E, file),
   check_module_availability(Line, File, Module),
-  build(Line, File, Module, ?m(E, lexical_tracker)),
+
+  Docs = elixir_compiler:get_opt(docs),
+  build(Line, File, Module, Docs, ?m(E, lexical_tracker)),
 
   try
     {Result, NE} = eval_form(Line, Module, Block, Vars, E),
-    {Base, Export, Private, Def, Defmacro, Functions} = elixir_def:unwrap_definitions(Module),
 
-    {All, Forms0} = functions_form(Line, File, Module, Base, Export, Def, Defmacro, Functions),
-    Forms1        = specs_form(Module, Private, Defmacro, Forms0),
-    Forms2        = types_form(Module, Forms1),
-    Forms3        = attributes_form(Line, File, Module, Forms2),
-
-    case ets:lookup(data_table(Module), 'on_load') of
+    _ = case ets:lookup(data_table(Module), 'on_load') of
       [] -> ok;
       [{on_load,OnLoad}] ->
         [elixir_locals:record_local(Tuple, Module) || Tuple <- OnLoad]
     end,
 
-    AllFunctions = Def ++ [T || {T, defp, _, _, _} <- Private],
-    elixir_locals:ensure_no_function_conflict(Line, File, Module, AllFunctions),
-    elixir_locals:warn_unused_local(File, Module, Private),
-    warn_invalid_clauses(Line, File, Module, All),
-    warn_unused_docs(Line, File, Module),
+    {Def, Defp, Defmacro, Defmacrop, Functions} =
+      elixir_def:unwrap_definitions(File, Module),
 
-    Location = {elixir_utils:relative_to_cwd(elixir_utils:characters_to_list(File)), Line},
+    {All, Forms0} = functions_form(Line, File, Module, Def, Defp, Defmacro, Defmacrop, Functions),
+    Forms1        = specs_form(Module, Defmacro, Defmacrop, Forms0),
+    Forms2        = types_form(Line, File, Module, Forms1),
+    Forms3        = attributes_form(Line, File, Module, Forms2),
+
+    elixir_locals:ensure_no_import_conflict(Line, File, Module, All),
+
+    case Docs of
+      true  -> warn_unused_docs(Line, File, Module, doc);
+      false -> false
+    end,
+
+    Location = {elixir_utils:characters_to_list(elixir_utils:relative_to_cwd(File)), Line},
 
     Final = [
       {attribute, Line, file, Location},
@@ -88,7 +93,7 @@ do_compile(Line, Module, Block, Vars, E) ->
 
 %% Hook that builds both attribute and functions and set up common hooks.
 
-build(Line, File, Module, Lexical) ->
+build(Line, File, Module, Docs, Lexical) ->
   %% Table with meta information about the module.
   DataTable = data_table(Module),
 
@@ -97,16 +102,16 @@ build(Line, File, Module, Lexical) ->
     true ->
       [{OldFile, OldLine}] = ets:lookup_element(OldTable, ?location_attr, 2),
       Error = {module_in_definition, Module, OldFile, OldLine},
-      elixir_errors:form_error(Line, File, ?MODULE, Error);
+      elixir_errors:form_error([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE, Error);
     false ->
       []
   end,
 
-  ets:new(DataTable, [set, named_table, public]),
+  DataTable = ets:new(DataTable, [set, named_table, public]),
   ets:insert(DataTable, {before_compile, []}),
   ets:insert(DataTable, {after_compile, []}),
 
-  case elixir_compiler:get_opt(docs) of
+  case Docs of
     true -> ets:insert(DataTable, {on_definition, [{'Elixir.Module', compile_doc}]});
     _    -> ets:insert(DataTable, {on_definition, []})
   end,
@@ -121,7 +126,8 @@ build(Line, File, Module, Lexical) ->
 
   %% Setup other modules
   elixir_def:setup(Module),
-  elixir_locals:setup(Module).
+  elixir_locals:setup(Module),
+  ok.
 
 %% Receives the module representation and evaluates it.
 
@@ -143,16 +149,15 @@ eval_callbacks(Line, Module, Name, Args, E) ->
 
 %% Return the form with exports and function declarations.
 
-functions_form(Line, File, Module, BaseAll, BaseExport, Def, Defmacro, BaseFunctions) ->
-  {InfoSpec, Info} = add_info_function(Line, File, Module, BaseExport, Def, Defmacro),
+functions_form(Line, File, Module, Def, Defp, Defmacro, Defmacrop, Body) ->
+  All = Def ++ Defp ++ Defmacro ++ Defmacrop,
+  {Spec, Info} = add_info_function(Line, File, Module, All, Def, Defmacro),
 
-  All       = [{'__info__', 1}|BaseAll],
-  Export    = [{'__info__', 1}|BaseExport],
-  Functions = [InfoSpec,Info|BaseFunctions],
+  NewBody = [Spec, Info|Body],
+  Export  = [{Name, Arity} || {function, _, Name, Arity, _} <- NewBody],
 
-  {All, [
-    {attribute, Line, export, lists:sort(Export)} | Functions
-  ]}.
+  {[{'__info__',1}|All],
+   [{attribute, Line, export, lists:sort(Export)} | NewBody]}.
 
 %% Add attributes handling to the form
 
@@ -188,12 +193,12 @@ process_attribute(_Line, _File, _Key, Values) ->
 process_external_resource(_Line, _File, Value) when is_binary(Value) ->
   Value;
 process_external_resource(Line, File, Value) ->
-  elixir_errors:handle_file_error(File,
-    {Line, ?MODULE, {invalid_external_resource, Value}}).
+  elixir_errors:form_error([{line, Line}], File,
+    ?MODULE, {invalid_external_resource, Value}).
 
 %% Types
 
-types_form(Module, Forms0) ->
+types_form(Line, File, Module, Forms0) ->
   case code:ensure_loaded('Elixir.Kernel.Typespec') of
     {module, 'Elixir.Kernel.Typespec'} ->
       Types0 = 'Elixir.Module':get_attribute(Module, type) ++
@@ -207,6 +212,8 @@ types_form(Module, Forms0) ->
       'Elixir.Module':delete_attribute(Module, typep),
       'Elixir.Module':delete_attribute(Module, opaque),
 
+      warn_unused_docs(Line, File, Module, typedoc),
+
       Forms1 = types_attributes(Types1, Forms0),
       Forms2 = export_types_attributes(Types1, Forms1),
       typedocs_attributes(Types1, Forms2);
@@ -241,11 +248,9 @@ typedocs_attributes(Types, Forms) ->
 
 %% Specs
 
-specs_form(Module, Private, Defmacro, Forms) ->
+specs_form(Module, Defmacro, Defmacrop, Forms) ->
   case code:ensure_loaded('Elixir.Kernel.Typespec') of
     {module, 'Elixir.Kernel.Typespec'} ->
-      Defmacrop = [Tuple || {Tuple, defmacrop, _, _, _} <- Private],
-
       Specs0 = 'Elixir.Module':get_attribute(Module, spec) ++
                'Elixir.Module':get_attribute(Module, callback),
 
@@ -274,10 +279,10 @@ specs_attributes(Forms, Specs) ->
   end, Forms, Dict).
 
 translate_macro_spec({{spec, NameArity, Spec}, Line}, Defmacro, Defmacrop) ->
-  case ordsets:is_element(NameArity, Defmacrop) of
+  case lists:member(NameArity, Defmacrop) of
     true  -> [];
     false ->
-      case ordsets:is_element(NameArity, Defmacro) of
+      case lists:member(NameArity, Defmacro) of
         true ->
           {Name, Arity} = NameArity,
           [{{spec, {elixir_utils:macro_name(Name), Arity + 1}, spec_for_macro(Spec)}, Line}];
@@ -314,14 +319,14 @@ load_form(Line, Forms, Opts, #{file := File} = E) ->
         put(elixir_compiled, [{Module,Binary}|Current]),
 
         case get(elixir_compiler_pid) of
-          undefined -> [];
+          undefined -> ok;
           PID ->
             Ref = make_ref(),
             PID ! {module_available, self(), Ref, File, Module, Binary},
             receive {Ref, ack} -> ok end
         end;
       _ ->
-        []
+        ok
     end,
 
     Binary
@@ -345,13 +350,12 @@ get_docs(Module) ->
 get_moduledoc(Line, Module) ->
   {Line, 'Elixir.Module':get_attribute(Module, moduledoc)}.
 
-
 check_module_availability(Line, File, Module) ->
   Reserved = ['Elixir.Any', 'Elixir.BitString', 'Elixir.Function', 'Elixir.PID',
               'Elixir.Reference', 'Elixir.Elixir', 'Elixir'],
 
   case lists:member(Module, Reserved) of
-    true  -> elixir_errors:handle_file_error(File, {Line, ?MODULE, {module_reserved, Module}});
+    true  -> elixir_errors:form_error([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE, {module_reserved, Module});
     false -> ok
   end,
 
@@ -359,7 +363,7 @@ check_module_availability(Line, File, Module) ->
     false ->
       case code:ensure_loaded(Module) of
         {module, _} ->
-          elixir_errors:handle_file_warning(File, {Line, ?MODULE, {module_defined, Module}});
+          elixir_errors:form_warn([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE, {module_defined, Module});
         {error, _}  ->
           ok
       end;
@@ -367,56 +371,64 @@ check_module_availability(Line, File, Module) ->
       ok
   end.
 
-warn_invalid_clauses(_Line, _File, 'Elixir.Kernel.SpecialForms', _All) -> ok;
-warn_invalid_clauses(_Line, File, Module, All) ->
-  ets:foldl(fun
-    ({_, _, Kind, _, _}, _) when Kind == type; Kind == opaque ->
-      ok;
-    ({Tuple, Line, _, _, _}, _) ->
-      case lists:member(Tuple, All) of
-        false ->
-          elixir_errors:handle_file_warning(File, {Line, ?MODULE, {invalid_clause, Tuple}});
-        true ->
-          ok
-      end
-  end, ok, docs_table(Module)).
+warn_unused_docs(Line, File, Module, Attribute) ->
+  case ets:member(data_table(Module), Attribute) of
+    true ->
+      elixir_errors:form_warn([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE, {unused_doc, Attribute});
+    _ ->
+      ok
+  end.
 
-warn_unused_docs(Line, File, Module) ->
-  lists:foreach(fun(Attribute) ->
-    case ets:member(data_table(Module), Attribute) of
-      true ->
-        elixir_errors:handle_file_warning(File, {Line, ?MODULE, {unused_doc, Attribute}});
-      _ ->
-        ok
-    end
-  end, [typedoc]).
+% __INFO__
 
-% EXTRA FUNCTIONS
-
-add_info_function(Line, File, Module, Export, Def, Defmacro) ->
+add_info_function(Line, File, Module, All, Def, Defmacro) ->
   Pair = {'__info__', 1},
-  case lists:member(Pair, Export) of
+  case lists:member(Pair, All) of
     true  ->
-      elixir_errors:form_error(Line, File, ?MODULE, {internal_function_overridden, Pair});
+      elixir_errors:form_error([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE, {internal_function_overridden, Pair});
     false ->
-      {
-        {attribute, Line, spec, {{'__info__', 1},
-          [{type, Line, 'fun', [{type, Line, product, [ {type, Line, atom, []}]}, {type, Line, term, []} ]}]
+      Spec =
+        {attribute, Line, spec, {Pair,
+          [{type, Line, 'fun', [
+            {type, Line, product, [
+              {type, Line, union, [
+                {atom, Line, attributes},
+                {atom, Line, compile},
+                {atom, Line, exports},
+                {atom, Line, functions},
+                {atom, Line, imports},
+                {atom, Line, macros},
+                {atom, Line, module}
+              ]}
+            ]},
+            {type, Line, union, [
+              {type, Line, atom, []},
+              {type, Line, list, [
+                {type, Line, tuple, [
+                  {type, Line, atom, []},
+                  {type, Line, any, []}
+                ]}
+              ]}
+            ]}
+          ]}]
         }},
+
+      Info =
         {function, 0, '__info__', 1, [
           functions_clause(Def),
           macros_clause(Defmacro),
           module_clause(Module),
           else_clause()
-        ]}
-      }
+        ]},
+
+      {Spec, Info}
   end.
 
 functions_clause(Def) ->
-  {clause, 0, [{atom, 0, functions}], [], [elixir_utils:elixir_to_erl(Def)]}.
+  {clause, 0, [{atom, 0, functions}], [], [elixir_utils:elixir_to_erl(lists:sort(Def))]}.
 
 macros_clause(Defmacro) ->
-  {clause, 0, [{atom, 0, macros}], [], [elixir_utils:elixir_to_erl(Defmacro)]}.
+  {clause, 0, [{atom, 0, macros}], [], [elixir_utils:elixir_to_erl(lists:sort(Defmacro))]}.
 
 module_clause(Module) ->
   {clause, 0, [{atom, 0, module}], [], [{atom, 0, Module}]}.
@@ -476,8 +488,6 @@ prune_stacktrace(Info, []) ->
 
 % ERROR HANDLING
 
-format_error({invalid_clause, {Name, Arity}}) ->
-  io_lib:format("empty clause provided for nonexistent function or macro ~ts/~B", [Name, Arity]);
 format_error({invalid_external_resource, Value}) ->
   io_lib:format("expected a string value for @external_resource, got: ~p",
     ['Elixir.Kernel':inspect(Value)]);

lib/elixir/src/elixir_quote.erl

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 -module(elixir_quote).
 -export([escape/2, linify/2, linify/3, linify_with_context_counter/3, quote/4]).
--export([dot/6, tail_list/3, list/2]). %% Quote callbacks
+-export([dot/5, tail_list/3, list/2]). %% Quote callbacks
 
 -include("elixir.hrl").
 -define(defs(Kind), Kind == def; Kind == defp; Kind == defmacro; Kind == defmacrop).
--define(lexical(Kind), Kind == import; Kind == alias; Kind == '__aliases__').
+-define(lexical(Kind), Kind == import; Kind == alias; Kind == require).
 -compile({inline, [keyfind/2, keystore/3, keydelete/2, keyreplace/3, keynew/3]}).
 
 %% Apply the line from site call on quoted contents.
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ do_linify(Line, Key, {Receiver, Counter} = Var, {Left, Meta, Receiver})
     when is_atom(Left), is_list(Meta), Left /= '_' ->
   do_tuple_linify(Line, Key, Var, keynew(counter, Meta, Counter), Left, Receiver);
 
-do_linify(Line, Key, {_, Counter} = Var, {Lexical, [_|_] = Meta, [_|_] = Args}) when ?lexical(Lexical) ->
+do_linify(Line, Key, {_, Counter} = Var, {Lexical, [_|_] = Meta, [_|_] = Args})
+    when ?lexical(Lexical); Lexical == '__aliases__' ->
   do_tuple_linify(Line, Key, Var, keynew(counter, Meta, Counter), Lexical, Args);
 
 do_linify(Line, Key, Var, {Left, Meta, Right}) when is_list(Meta) ->
@@ -61,8 +62,8 @@ do_linify_meta(Line, Key, Meta) ->
 
 %% Some expressions cannot be unquoted at compilation time.
 %% This function is responsible for doing runtime unquoting.
-dot(Meta, Left, Right, Args, Context, File) ->
-  annotate(dot(Meta, Left, Right, Args), Context, File).
+dot(Meta, Left, Right, Args, Context) ->
+  annotate(dot(Meta, Left, Right, Args), Context).
 
 dot(Meta, Left, {'__aliases__', _, Args}, nil) ->
   {'__aliases__', Meta, [Left|Args]};
@@ -117,28 +118,29 @@ validate_list(List) when not is_list(List) ->
 argument_error(Message) ->
   error('Elixir.ArgumentError':exception([{message,Message}])).
 
-%% Annotates the AST with context and other info
+%% Annotates the AST with context and other info.
+%%
+%% Note we need to delete the counter because linify
+%% adds the counter recursively, even inside quoted
+%% expressions, so we need to clean up the forms to
+%% allow them to get a new counter on the next expansion.
 
-annotate({Def, Meta, [{H, M, A}|T]}, Context, File) when ?defs(Def) ->
-  %% Store the context information in the first element of the
-  %% definition tuple so we can access it later on.
-  MM = keystore(context, keystore(file, M, File), Context),
-  {Def, Meta, [{H, MM, A}|T]};
-annotate({{'.', _, [_, Def]} = Target, Meta, [{H, M, A}|T]}, Context, File) when ?defs(Def) ->
-  MM = keystore(context, keystore(file, M, File), Context),
-  {Target, Meta, [{H, MM, A}|T]};
+annotate({Def, Meta, [{H, M, A}|T]}, Context) when ?defs(Def) ->
+  {Def, Meta, [{H, keystore(context, M, Context), A}|T]};
+annotate({{'.', _, [_, Def]} = Target, Meta, [{H, M, A}|T]}, Context) when ?defs(Def) ->
+  {Target, Meta, [{H, keystore(context, M, Context), A}|T]};
 
-annotate({Lexical, Meta, [_|_] = Args}, Context, _File) when Lexical == import; Lexical == alias ->
+annotate({Lexical, Meta, [_|_] = Args}, Context) when ?lexical(Lexical) ->
   NewMeta = keystore(context, keydelete(counter, Meta), Context),
   {Lexical, NewMeta, Args};
-annotate(Tree, _Context, _File) -> Tree.
+annotate(Tree, _Context) -> Tree.
 
 %% Escapes the given expression. It is similar to quote, but
 %% lines are kept and hygiene mechanisms are disabled.
 escape(Expr, Unquote) ->
   {Res, Q} = quote(Expr, nil, #elixir_quote{
     line=true,
-    keep=false,
+    file=nil,
     vars_hygiene=false,
     aliases_hygiene=false,
     imports_hygiene=false,
@@ -221,11 +223,11 @@ do_quote({Name, Meta, ArgsOrAtom}, #elixir_quote{imports_hygiene=true} = Q, E) w
       keystore(import, keystore(context, Meta, Q#elixir_quote.context), Receiver)
   end,
 
-  Annotated = annotate({Name, NewMeta, ArgsOrAtom}, Q#elixir_quote.context, file(E, Q)),
+  Annotated = annotate({Name, NewMeta, ArgsOrAtom}, Q#elixir_quote.context),
   do_quote_tuple(Annotated, Q, E);
 
 do_quote({_, _, _} = Tuple, #elixir_quote{escape=false} = Q, E) ->
-  Annotated = annotate(Tuple, Q#elixir_quote.context, file(E, Q)),
+  Annotated = annotate(Tuple, Q#elixir_quote.context),
   do_quote_tuple(Annotated, Q, E);
 
 %% Literals
@@ -267,7 +269,7 @@ do_quote(Other, Q, _) ->
 
 do_quote_call(Left, Meta, Expr, Args, Q, E) ->
   All  = [meta(Meta, Q), Left, {unquote, Meta, [Expr]}, Args,
-          Q#elixir_quote.context, file(E, Q)],
+          Q#elixir_quote.context],
   {TAll, TQ} = lists:mapfoldl(fun(X, Acc) -> do_quote(X, Acc, E) end, Q, All),
   {{{'.', Meta, [elixir_quote, dot]}, Meta, TAll}, TQ}.
 
@@ -285,16 +287,19 @@ do_quote_tuple({Left, Meta, Right}, Q, E) ->
   {TRight, RQ} = do_quote(Right, LQ, E),
   {{'{}', [], [TLeft, meta(Meta, Q), TRight]}, RQ}.
 
-file(#{file := File}, #elixir_quote{keep=true}) -> File;
-file(_, _) -> nil.
+meta(Meta, Q) ->
+  file(line(Meta, Q), Q).
 
-meta(Meta, #elixir_quote{keep=true}) ->
+file(Meta, #elixir_quote{file=nil}) -> Meta;
+file(Meta, #elixir_quote{file=File}) -> [{file, File}|Meta].
+
+line(Meta, #elixir_quote{file=File}) when File /= nil ->
   [case KV of {line, V} -> {keep, V}; _ -> KV end || KV <- Meta];
-meta(Meta, #elixir_quote{line=true}) ->
+line(Meta, #elixir_quote{line=true}) ->
   Meta;
-meta(Meta, #elixir_quote{line=false}) ->
+line(Meta, #elixir_quote{line=false}) ->
   keydelete(line, Meta);
-meta(Meta, #elixir_quote{line=Line}) ->
+line(Meta, #elixir_quote{line=Line}) ->
   keystore(line, Meta, Line).
 
 reverse_improper(L) -> reverse_improper(L, []).

lib/elixir/src/elixir_scope.erl

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 %% Convenience functions used to manipulate scope and its variables.
 -module(elixir_scope).
--export([translate_var/4, build_var/2,
+-export([translate_var/4, build_var/2, context_info/1,
   load_binding/2, dump_binding/2,
   mergev/2, mergec/2, mergef/2,
-  merge_vars/2, merge_opt_vars/2
+  merge_vars/2, merge_opt_vars/2,
+  format_error/1
 ]).
 -include("elixir.hrl").
 
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ translate_var(Meta, Name, Kind, S) when is_atom(Kind); is_integer(Kind) ->
 
       case Exists andalso ordsets:is_element(Tuple, MatchVars) of
         true ->
+          warn_underscored_var(Line, S#elixir_scope.file, Name, Kind),
           {{var, Line, Current}, S};
         false ->
           %% We attempt to give vars a nice name because we
@@ -60,6 +62,19 @@ build_var(Key, S) ->
   Cnt = orddict:fetch(Key, New),
   {elixir_utils:atom_concat([Key, "@", Cnt]), Cnt, S#elixir_scope{counter=New}}.
 
+context_info(Kind) when Kind == nil; is_integer(Kind) -> "";
+context_info(Kind) -> io_lib:format(" (context ~ts)", [elixir_aliases:inspect(Kind)]).
+
+warn_underscored_var(Line, File, Name, Kind) ->
+  case atom_to_list(Name) of
+    "_@" ++ _ ->
+      ok; %% Automatically generated variables
+    "_" ++ _ ->
+      elixir_errors:form_warn([{line, Line}], File, ?MODULE, {unused_match, Name, Kind});
+    _ ->
+      ok
+  end.
+
 %% SCOPE MERGING
 
 %% Receives two scopes and return a new scope based on
@@ -138,3 +153,12 @@ dump_binding([{{Var, Kind} = Key, {InternalName,_}}|T], Binding, Acc) when is_at
 dump_binding([_|T], Binding, Acc) ->
   dump_binding(T, Binding, Acc);
 dump_binding([], _Binding, Acc) -> Acc.
+
+%% Errors
+
+format_error({unused_match, Name, Kind}) ->
+  io_lib:format("the underscored variable \"~ts\"~ts appears more than once in a "
+                "match. This means the pattern will only match if all \"~ts\" bind "
+                "to the same value. If this is the intended behaviour, please "
+                "remove the leading underscore from the variable name, otherwise "
+                "give the variables different names", [Name, context_info(Kind), Name]).

lib/elixir/src/elixir_translator.erl

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ translate({fn, Meta, Clauses}, S) ->
 
 %% Cond
 
-translate({'cond', _Meta, [[{do, Pairs}]]}, S) ->
+translate({'cond', CondMeta, [[{do, Pairs}]]}, S) ->
   [{'->', Meta, [[Condition], Body]}|T] = lists:reverse(Pairs),
   Case =
     case Condition of
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ translate({'cond', _Meta, [[{do, Pairs}]]}, S) ->
         Acc = {'case', Meta, [Condition, [{do, [Truthy, Falsy]}]]},
         build_cond_clauses(T, Acc, Meta)
     end,
-  translate(Case, S);
+  translate(replace_case_meta(CondMeta, Case), S);
 
 %% Case
 
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ translate({{'.', _, [Left, Right]}, Meta, Args}, S)
               {atom, Line, 'true'}},
             {map_field_assoc, Line,
               {atom, Line, key},
-              {atom, Line, TRight}},
+              TRight},
             {map_field_assoc, Line,
               {atom, Line, term},
               TVar}]},
@@ -387,6 +387,11 @@ build_cond_clauses([{'->', NewMeta, [[Condition], Body]}|T], Acc, OldMeta) ->
 build_cond_clauses([], Acc, _) ->
   Acc.
 
+replace_case_meta(Meta, {'case', _, Args}) ->
+  {'case', Meta, Args};
+replace_case_meta(_Meta, Other) ->
+  Other.
+
 build_truthy_clause(Meta, Condition, Body) ->
   case elixir_utils:returns_boolean(Condition) of
     true ->

lib/elixir/src/elixir_utils.erl

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ read_link_type(File) ->
 relative_to_cwd(Path) ->
   case elixir_compiler:get_opt(internal) of
     true  -> Path;
-    false -> 'Elixir.String':to_char_list('Elixir.Path':relative_to_cwd(Path))
+    false -> 'Elixir.Path':relative_to_cwd(Path)
   end.
 
 characters_to_list(Data) when is_list(Data) ->

lib/elixir/test/elixir/access_test.exs

@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ defmodule AccessTest do
   test "for nil" do
     assert nil[:foo] == nil
     assert Access.get(nil, :foo) == nil
-    assert Access.get_and_update(nil, :foo, fn nil -> {:ok, :bar} end) == {:ok, :bar}
+    assert_raise ArgumentError, "could not put/update key :foo on a nil value", fn ->
+      Access.get_and_update(nil, :foo, fn nil -> {:ok, :bar} end)
+    end
   end
 
   test "for keywords" do

lib/elixir/test/elixir/code_test.exs

@@ -28,6 +28,16 @@ defmodule CodeTest do
     assert Code.eval_string("var!(a, Sample) = 1") == {1, [{{:a,Sample},1}]}
   end
 
+  test :eval_binary_errors do
+    msg = "nofile:2: a binary field without size is only allowed at the end of a binary pattern"
+    assert_raise CompileError, msg, fn ->
+      Code.eval_string("""
+      foo = "foo"
+      "\\"" <> bar <> "\\"" = foo
+      """)
+    end
+  end
+
   test :eval_with_unnamed_scopes do
     assert {%RuntimeError{}, [a: %RuntimeError{}]} =
            Code.eval_string("a = (try do (raise \"hello\") rescue e -> e end)")

lib/elixir/test/elixir/enum_test.exs

@@ -280,6 +280,28 @@ defmodule EnumTest.List do
     assert Enum.sort([5, 3, 2, 4, 1], &(&1 > &2)) == [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
   end
 
+  test :sort_by do
+    collection = [
+      [other_data: 1, sorted_data: 5],
+      [other_data: 3, sorted_data: 4],
+      [other_data: 4, sorted_data: 3],
+      [other_data: 2, sorted_data: 2],
+      [other_data: 5, sorted_data: 1]
+    ]
+
+    assert Enum.sort_by(
+        collection,
+        &(&1[:sorted_data])
+      ) == [
+        [other_data: 5, sorted_data: 1],
+        [other_data: 2, sorted_data: 2],
+        [other_data: 4, sorted_data: 3],
+        [other_data: 3, sorted_data: 4],
+        [other_data: 1, sorted_data: 5]
+      ]
+    assert Enum.sort_by(collection, &(&1[:sorted_data]), &>=/2) == collection
+  end
+
   test :split do
     assert Enum.split([1, 2, 3], 0) == {[], [1, 2, 3]}
     assert Enum.split([1, 2, 3], 1) == {[1], [2, 3]}

lib/elixir/test/elixir/fixtures/at_exit.exs

@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ defmodule AtExit do
 end
 System.at_exit fn(status) -> IO.puts "cruel world with status #{status}" end
 AtExit.at_exit("goodbye ")
-exit(0)
+exit({:shutdown, 1})

lib/elixir/test/elixir/float_test.exs

@@ -28,35 +28,53 @@ defmodule FloatTest do
   end
 
   test :floor do
-    assert Float.floor(12) === 12
-    assert Float.floor(-12) === -12
-    assert Float.floor(12.524235) === 12
-    assert Float.floor(-12.5) === -13
-    assert Float.floor(-12.524235) === -13
-    assert Float.floor(7.5e3) === 7500
-    assert Float.floor(7.5432e3) === 7543
-    assert Float.floor(7.5e-3) === 0
-    assert Float.floor(-12.32453e4) === -123246
-    assert Float.floor(-12.32453e-10) === -1
-    assert Float.floor(0.32453e-10) === 0
-    assert Float.floor(-0.32453e-10) === -1
-    assert Float.floor(1.32453e-10) === 0
+    assert Float.floor(12.524235) === 12.0
+    assert Float.floor(-12.5) === -13.0
+    assert Float.floor(-12.524235) === -13.0
+    assert Float.floor(7.5e3) === 7500.0
+    assert Float.floor(7.5432e3) === 7543.0
+    assert Float.floor(7.5e-3) === 0.0
+    assert Float.floor(-12.32453e4) === -123246.0
+    assert Float.floor(-12.32453e-10) === -1.0
+    assert Float.floor(0.32453e-10) === 0.0
+    assert Float.floor(-0.32453e-10) === -1.0
+    assert Float.floor(1.32453e-10) === 0.0
+  end
+
+  test :floor_with_precision do
+    assert Float.floor(12.524235, 0) === 12.0
+    assert Float.floor(-12.524235, 0) === -13.0
+
+    assert Float.floor(12.52, 2) === 12.52
+    assert Float.floor(-12.52, 2) === -12.52
+
+    assert Float.floor(12.524235, 2) === 12.52
+    assert Float.floor(-12.524235, 3) === -12.525
   end
 
   test :ceil do
-    assert Float.ceil(12) === 12
-    assert Float.ceil(-12) === -12
-    assert Float.ceil(12.524235) === 13
-    assert Float.ceil(-12.5) === -12
-    assert Float.ceil(-12.524235) === -12
-    assert Float.ceil(7.5e3) === 7500
-    assert Float.ceil(7.5432e3) === 7544
-    assert Float.ceil(7.5e-3) === 1
-    assert Float.ceil(-12.32453e4) === -123245
-    assert Float.ceil(-12.32453e-10) === 0
-    assert Float.ceil(0.32453e-10) === 1
-    assert Float.ceil(-0.32453e-10) === 0
-    assert Float.ceil(1.32453e-10) === 1
+    assert Float.ceil(12.524235) === 13.0
+    assert Float.ceil(-12.5) === -12.0
+    assert Float.ceil(-12.524235) === -12.0
+    assert Float.ceil(7.5e3) === 7500.0
+    assert Float.ceil(7.5432e3) === 7544.0
+    assert Float.ceil(7.5e-3) === 1.0
+    assert Float.ceil(-12.32453e4) === -123245.0
+    assert Float.ceil(-12.32453e-10) === 0.0
+    assert Float.ceil(0.32453e-10) === 1.0
+    assert Float.ceil(-0.32453e-10) === 0.0
+    assert Float.ceil(1.32453e-10) === 1.0
+  end
+
+  test :ceil_with_precision do
+    assert Float.ceil(12.524235, 0) === 13.0
+    assert Float.ceil(-12.524235, 0) === -12.0
+
+    assert Float.ceil(12.52, 2) === 12.52
+    assert Float.ceil(-12.52, 2) === -12.52
+
+    assert Float.ceil(12.524235, 2) === 12.53
+    assert Float.ceil(-12.524235, 3) === -12.524
   end
 
   test :round do

lib/elixir/test/elixir/inspect_test.exs

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ defmodule Inspect.BitStringTest do
   use ExUnit.Case, async: true
 
   test :bitstring do
-    assert inspect(<<1 :: [size(12), integer, signed]>>) == "<<0, 1::size(4)>>"
+    assert inspect(<<1 :: size(12)-integer-signed>>) == "<<0, 1::size(4)>>"
   end
 
   test :binary do
@@ -256,15 +256,16 @@ defmodule Inspect.MapTest do
     end
 
     defimpl Inspect do
-      def inspect(_, _) do
-        raise "failing"
+      def inspect(struct, _) do
+        struct.unknown
       end
     end
   end
 
   test :bad_implementation do
-    msg = "Got RuntimeError with message \"failing\" " <>
-          "while inspecting %{__struct__: Inspect.MapTest.Failing, key: 0}"
+    msg = "Got KeyError with message \"key :unknown not found in: " <>
+          "%{__struct__: Inspect.MapTest.Failing, key: 0}\" while " <>
+          "inspecting %{__struct__: Inspect.MapTest.Failing, key: 0}"
 
     assert_raise ArgumentError, msg, fn ->
       inspect(%Failing{})

lib/elixir/test/elixir/io_test.exs

@@ -58,6 +58,20 @@ defmodule IOTest do
     assert File.close(file) == :ok
   end
 
+  test :readall do
+    {:ok, file} = File.open(Path.expand('fixtures/file.txt', __DIR__))
+    assert "FOO\n" == IO.read(file, :all)
+    assert "" == IO.read(file, :all)
+    assert File.close(file) == :ok
+  end
+
+  test :readall_with_utf8_and_binary do
+    {:ok, file} = File.open(Path.expand('fixtures/utf8.txt', __DIR__), [:utf8])
+    assert "Русский\n日\n" == IO.read(file, :all)
+    assert "" == IO.read(file, :all)
+    assert File.close(file) == :ok
+  end
+
   test :readline do
     {:ok, file} = File.open(Path.expand('fixtures/file.txt', __DIR__))
     assert "FOO\n" == IO.read(file, :line)
@@ -72,6 +86,13 @@ defmodule IOTest do
     assert File.close(file) == :ok
   end
 
+  test :binreadall do
+    {:ok, file} = File.open(Path.expand('fixtures/utf8.txt', __DIR__))
+    assert "Русский\n日\n" == IO.binread(file, :all)
+    assert "" == IO.binread(file, :all)
+    assert File.close(file) == :ok
+  end
+
   test :binreadline do
     {:ok, file} = File.open(Path.expand('fixtures/utf8.txt', __DIR__))
     assert "Русский\n" == IO.binread(file, :line)

lib/elixir/test/elixir/kernel/binary_test.exs

@@ -60,22 +60,22 @@ bar """
     <<"f", "oo">> <> x = "foobar"
     assert x == "bar"
 
-    <<x :: [binary, size(3)]>> <> _ = "foobar"
+    <<x :: binary-size(3)>> <> _ = "foobar"
     assert x == "foo"
 
     size = 3
-    <<x :: [binary, size(size)]>> <> _ = "foobar"
+    <<x :: binary-size(size)>> <> _ = "foobar"
     assert x == "foo"
 
-    <<x :: [binary, size(6), unit(4)]>> <> _ = "foobar"
+    <<x :: 6*4-binary>> <> _ = "foobar"
     assert x == "foo"
 
-    assert_raise ErlangError, fn ->
-      Code.eval_string(~s{<<x :: [binary, size(3), unit(4)]>> <> _ = "foobar"})
+    assert_raise CompileError, fn ->
+      Code.eval_string(~s{<<x :: binary-size(3)-unit(4)>> <> _ = "foobar"})
     end
 
-    assert_raise ErlangError, fn ->
-      Code.eval_string(~s{<<x :: [integer, size(4)]>> <> _ = "foobar"})
+    assert_raise CompileError, fn ->
+      Code.eval_string(~s{<<x :: integer-size(4)>> <> _ = "foobar"})
     end
   end
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ bar """
 
     assert <<106,111,115,195,169>> == << "josé" :: utf8 >>
     assert <<0,106,0,111,0,115,0,233>> == << "josé" :: utf16 >>
-    assert <<106,0,111,0,115,0,233,0>> == << "josé" :: [utf16, little] >>
+    assert <<106,0,111,0,115,0,233,0>> == << "josé" :: little-utf16 >>
     assert <<0,0,0,106,0,0,0,111,0,0,0,115,0,0,0,233>> == << "josé" :: utf32 >>
   end
 
@@ -167,26 +167,26 @@ bar """
   test :bitsyntax_translation do
     refb = "sample"
     sec_data = "another"
-    << byte_size(refb) :: [size(1), big, signed, integer, unit(8)],
+    << byte_size(refb) :: size(1)-big-signed-integer-unit(8),
        refb :: binary,
-       byte_size(sec_data) :: [size(1), big, signed, integer, unit(16)],
+       byte_size(sec_data) :: 1*16-big-signed-integer,
        sec_data :: binary >>
   end
 
   test :bitsyntax_size_shorcut do
     assert << 1 :: 3 >> == << 1 :: size(3) >>
-    assert << 1 :: [unit(8), 3] >> == << 1 :: [unit(8), size(3)] >>
+    assert << 1 :: 3*8 >> == << 1 :: size(3)-unit(8) >>
   end
 
   defmacrop signed_16 do
     quote do
-      [big, signed, integer, unit(16)]
+      big-signed-integer-unit(16)
     end
   end
 
   defmacrop refb_spec do
     quote do
-      [size(1), big, signed, integer, unit(8)]
+      1*8-big-signed-integer
     end
   end
 
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ bar """
     sec_data = "another"
     << byte_size(refb) :: refb_spec,
        refb :: binary,
-       byte_size(sec_data) :: [size(1), signed_16],
+       byte_size(sec_data) :: size(1)-signed_16,
        sec_data :: binary >>
   end
 end

lib/elixir/test/elixir/kernel/cli_test.exs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.CLI.AtExitTest do
 
   test "invokes at_exit callbacks" do
     assert elixir(fixture_path("at_exit.exs") |> to_char_list) ==
-      'goodbye cruel world with status 0\n'
+           'goodbye cruel world with status 1\n'
   end
 end
 
@@ -69,9 +69,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.CLI.ErrorTest do
   test "properly format errors" do
     assert :string.str('** (throw) 1', elixir('-e "throw 1"')) == 0
     assert :string.str('** (ErlangError) erlang error: 1', elixir('-e "error 1"')) == 0
-
-    # It does not catch exits with integers nor strings...
-    assert elixir('-e "exit 1"') == ''
+    assert elixir('-e "IO.puts(Process.flag(:trap_exit, false)); exit({:shutdown, 1})"') == 'false\n'
   end
 end
 
@@ -133,7 +131,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.CLI.ParallelCompilerTest do
   test "does not hang on missing dependencies" do
     fixtures = [fixture_path("parallel_compiler/bat.ex")]
     assert capture_io(fn ->
-      assert catch_exit(Kernel.ParallelCompiler.files(fixtures)) == 1
+      assert catch_exit(Kernel.ParallelCompiler.files(fixtures)) == {:shutdown, 1}
     end) =~ "Compilation error"
   end
 
@@ -142,7 +140,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.CLI.ParallelCompilerTest do
                 fixture_path("parallel_deadlock/bar.ex")]
 
     msg = capture_io(fn ->
-      assert catch_exit(Kernel.ParallelCompiler.files fixtures) == 1
+      assert catch_exit(Kernel.ParallelCompiler.files fixtures) == {:shutdown, 1}
     end)
 
     assert msg =~ ~r"== Compilation error on file .+parallel_deadlock/foo\.ex =="
@@ -157,7 +155,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.CLI.ParallelCompilerTest do
       Code.compiler_options(warnings_as_errors: true)
 
       capture_io :stderr, fn ->
-        assert catch_exit(Kernel.ParallelCompiler.files fixtures) == 1
+        assert catch_exit(Kernel.ParallelCompiler.files fixtures) == {:shutdown, 1}
       end
     after
       Code.compiler_options(warnings_as_errors: warnings_as_errors)

lib/elixir/test/elixir/kernel/errors_test.exs

@@ -137,6 +137,19 @@ defmodule Kernel.ErrorsTest do
         def hello(arg \\ 1), do: nil
       end
       '''
+
+    assert_compile_fail CompileError,
+      "nofile:6: def hello/1 has default values and multiple clauses, " <>
+      "define a function head with the defaults",
+      ~C'''
+      defmodule ErrorsTest do
+        def bye(arg \\ 0)
+        def bye(arg), do: arg
+
+        def hello(arg \\ 0), do: nil
+        def hello(arg), do: arg
+      end
+      '''
   end
 
   test :invalid_match_pattern do
@@ -219,7 +232,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.ErrorsTest do
 
   test :struct_access_on_body do
     assert_compile_fail CompileError,
-      "nofile:3: cannot access struct TZ in body of the module that defines it " <>
+      "nofile:3: cannot access struct TZ in the same context that defines it " <>
       "as the struct fields are not yet accessible",
       '''
       defmodule TZ do
@@ -499,7 +512,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.ErrorsTest do
   test :duplicated_bitstring_size do
     assert_compile_fail CompileError,
       "nofile:1: duplicated size definition in bitstring",
-      '<<1 :: [size(12), size(13)]>>'
+      '<<1 :: size(12)-size(13)>>'
   end
 
   test :invalid_bitstring_specified do
@@ -524,12 +537,6 @@ defmodule Kernel.ErrorsTest do
       '<<1 :: unit(:x)>>'
   end
 
-  test :invalid_var! do
-    assert_compile_fail CompileError,
-      "nofile:1: expected var x to expand to an existing variable or be a part of a match",
-      'var!(x)'
-  end
-
   test :invalid_alias do
     assert_compile_fail CompileError,
       "nofile:1: invalid value for keyword :as, expected an alias, got nested alias: Sample.Lists",

lib/elixir/test/elixir/kernel/expansion_test.exs

@@ -127,10 +127,10 @@ defmodule Kernel.ExpansionTest do
   test "vars: forces variable to exist" do
     assert expand(quote do: (var!(a) = 1; var!(a)))
 
-    message = ~r"expected var a to expand to an existing variable or be a part of a match"
+    message = ~r"expected var \"a\" to expand to an existing variable or be part of a match"
     assert_raise CompileError, message, fn -> expand(quote do: var!(a)) end
 
-    message = ~r"expected var a \(context Unknown\) to expand to an existing variable or be a part of a match"
+    message = ~r"expected var \"a\" \(context Unknown\) to expand to an existing variable or be part of a match"
     assert_raise CompileError, message, fn -> expand(quote do: var!(a, Unknown)) end
   end
 
@@ -424,18 +424,37 @@ defmodule Kernel.ExpansionTest do
 
   ## Binaries
 
+  test "bitstrings: size * unit" do
+    import Kernel, except: [-: 2]
+
+    assert expand(quote do: << x :: 13 >>) ==
+           quote do: << x() :: size(13) >>
+
+    assert expand(quote do: << x :: 13 * 6 >>) ==
+           quote do: << x() :: unit(6)-size(13) >>
+
+    assert expand(quote do: << x :: _ * 6 >>) ==
+           quote do: << x() :: unit(6) >>
+
+    assert expand(quote do: << x :: 13 * 6 - binary >>) ==
+           quote do: << x() :: unit(6)-binary()-size(13) >>
+
+    assert expand(quote do: << x :: binary - 13 * 6 >>) ==
+           quote do: << x() :: binary()-unit(6)-size(13) >>
+  end
+
   test "bitstrings: expands modifiers" do
     assert expand(quote do: (import Kernel.ExpansionTarget; << x :: seventeen >>)) ==
-           quote do: (import :"Elixir.Kernel.ExpansionTarget", []; << x() :: [unquote(:size)(17)] >>)
+           quote do: (import :"Elixir.Kernel.ExpansionTarget", []; << x() :: size(17) >>)
 
     assert expand(quote do: (import Kernel.ExpansionTarget; << seventeen :: seventeen, x :: size(seventeen) >> = 1)) ==
            quote do: (import :"Elixir.Kernel.ExpansionTarget", [];
-                      << seventeen :: [unquote(:size)(17)], x :: [unquote(:size)(seventeen)] >> = 1)
+                      << seventeen :: size(17), x :: size(seventeen) >> = 1)
   end
 
   test "bitstrings: expands modifiers args" do
     assert expand(quote do: (require Kernel.ExpansionTarget; << x :: size(Kernel.ExpansionTarget.seventeen) >>)) ==
-           quote do: (require :"Elixir.Kernel.ExpansionTarget", []; << x() :: [unquote(:size)(17)] >>)
+           quote do: (require :"Elixir.Kernel.ExpansionTarget", []; << x() :: size(17) >>)
   end
 
   ## Invalid

lib/elixir/test/elixir/kernel/quote_test.exs

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ defmodule Kernel.QuoteTest do
 
   test :keep_line do
     ## DO NOT MOVE THIS LINE
-    assert quote(location: :keep, do: bar(1, 2, 3)) == {:bar, [keep: 16], [1, 2, 3]}
+    assert quote(location: :keep, do: bar(1, 2, 3)) ==
+           {:bar, [file: Path.relative_to_cwd(__ENV__.file), keep: 16], [1, 2, 3]}
   end
 
   test :fixed_line do
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.QuoteTest do
   test :quote_line_var do
     ## DO NOT MOVE THIS LINE
     line = __ENV__.line
-    assert quote(line: line, do: bar(1, 2, 3)) == {:bar, [line: 25], [1, 2, 3]}
+    assert quote(line: line, do: bar(1, 2, 3)) == {:bar, [line: 26], [1, 2, 3]}
   end
 
   test :unquote_call do
@@ -201,7 +202,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.QuoteTest.ErrorsTest do
 
     mod  = Kernel.QuoteTest.ErrorsTest
     file = __ENV__.file |> Path.relative_to_cwd |> String.to_char_list
-    assert [{^mod, :add, 2, [file: ^file, line: 181]}|_] = System.stacktrace
+    assert [{^mod, :add, 2, [file: ^file, line: 182]}|_] = System.stacktrace
   end
 
   test :outside_function_error do
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.QuoteTest.ErrorsTest do
 
     mod  = Kernel.QuoteTest.ErrorsTest
     file = __ENV__.file |> Path.relative_to_cwd |> String.to_char_list
-    assert [{^mod, _, _, [file: ^file, line: 209]}|_] = System.stacktrace
+    assert [{^mod, _, _, [file: ^file, line: 210]}|_] = System.stacktrace
   end
 end
 

lib/elixir/test/elixir/kernel/sigils_test.exs

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.SigilsTest do
     assert ~S/foo/ == "foo"
     assert ~S|foo| == "foo"
     assert ~S(f#{o}o) == "f\#{o}o"
+    assert ~S(f\#{o}o) == "f\\\#{o}o"
     assert ~S(f\no) == "f\\no"
   end
 

lib/elixir/test/elixir/kernel/typespec_test.exs

@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@ Code.require_file "../test_helper.exs", __DIR__
 defmodule Kernel.TypespecTest do
   use ExUnit.Case, async: true
 
+  alias Kernel.TypespecTest.TestTypespec
+
+  defstruct [:hello]
+
   # This macro allows us to focus on the result of the
   # definition and not on the hassles of handling test
   # module
@@ -174,28 +178,86 @@ defmodule Kernel.TypespecTest do
 
   test "@type with a struct" do
     module = test_module do
-      @type mytype :: %User{hello: :world}
+      defstruct [hello: nil, eric: nil]
+      @type mytype :: %TestTypespec{hello: :world}
     end
 
     assert [type: {:mytype,
              {:type, _, :map, [
-               {:type, _, :map_field_assoc, {:atom, _, :__struct__}, {:atom, _, User}},
-               {:type, _, :map_field_assoc, {:atom, _, :hello}, {:atom, _, :world}}
+               {:type, _, :map_field_assoc, {:atom, _, :__struct__}, {:atom, _, TestTypespec}},
+               {:type, _, :map_field_assoc, {:atom, _, :hello}, {:atom, _, :world}},
+               {:type, _, :map_field_assoc, {:atom, _, :eric}, {:type, _, :term, []}}
              ]},
             []}] = types(module)
   end
 
-  test "@type with a tuple" do
-    module = test_module do
-      @type mytype :: tuple
-      @type mytype1 :: {}
-      @type mytype2 :: {1, 2}
+  test "@type with undefined struct" do
+    assert_raise UndefinedFunctionError, fn ->
+      test_module do
+        @type mytype :: %ThisModuleDoesNotExist{}
+      end
     end
 
-    assert [type: {:mytype, {:type, _, :tuple, :any}, []},
-            type: {:mytype1, {:type, _, :tuple, []}, []},
-            type: {:mytype2, {:type, _, :tuple, [{:integer, _, 1}, {:integer, _, 2}]}, []}] =
-           types(module)
+    assert_raise CompileError, ~r"struct is not defined for TestTypespec", fn ->
+      test_module do
+        @type mytype :: %TestTypespec{}
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "@type with a struct with undefined field" do
+    assert_raise CompileError, ~r"undefined field no_field on struct TestTypespec", fn ->
+      test_module do
+        defstruct [hello: nil, eric: nil]
+        @type mytype :: %TestTypespec{no_field: :world}
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "@type with public record" do
+    module = test_module do
+      require Record
+      Record.defrecord :timestamp, [date: 1, time: 2]
+      @type mytype :: record(:timestamp, time: :foo)
+    end
+
+    assert [type: {:mytype,
+             {:type, _, :tuple, [
+               {:atom, 0, :timestamp}, {:atom, 0, :foo}, {:type, 0, :term, []}
+             ]},
+            []}] = types(module)
+  end
+
+  test "@type with private record" do
+    module = test_module do
+      require Record
+      Record.defrecordp :timestamp, [date: 1, time: 2]
+      @type mytype :: record(:timestamp, time: :foo)
+    end
+
+    assert [type: {:mytype,
+             {:type, _, :tuple, [
+               {:atom, 0, :timestamp}, {:atom, 0, :foo}, {:type, 0, :term, []}
+             ]},
+            []}] = types(module)
+  end
+
+  test "@type with undefined record" do
+    assert_raise CompileError, ~r"unknown record :this_record_does_not_exist", fn ->
+      test_module do
+        @type mytype :: record(:this_record_does_not_exist, [])
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  test "@type with a record with undefined field" do
+    assert_raise CompileError, ~r"undefined field no_field on record :timestamp", fn ->
+      test_module do
+        require Record
+        Record.defrecord :timestamp, [date: 1, time: 2]
+        @type mytype :: record(:timestamp, no_field: :foo)
+      end
+    end
   end
 
   test "@type with list shortcuts" do
@@ -320,31 +382,6 @@ defmodule Kernel.TypespecTest do
            types(module)
   end
 
-  test "@type from structs" do
-    module = test_module do
-      defstruct name: nil, age: 0 :: non_neg_integer
-    end
-
-    assert [type: {:t, {:type, _, :map, [
-              {:type, _, :map_field_assoc, {:atom, _, :name}, {:type, _, :term, []}},
-              {:type, _, :map_field_assoc, {:atom, _, :age}, {:type, _, :non_neg_integer, []}},
-              {:type, _, :map_field_assoc, {:atom, _, :__struct__}, {:atom, _, TestTypespec}}
-           ]}, []}] = types(module)
-  end
-
-  test "@type from dynamic structs" do
-    module = test_module do
-      fields = [name: nil, age: 0]
-      defstruct fields
-    end
-
-    assert [type: {:t, {:type, _, :map, [
-              {:type, _, :map_field_assoc, {:atom, _, :name}, {:type, _, :term, []}},
-              {:type, _, :map_field_assoc, {:atom, _, :age}, {:type, _, :term, []}},
-              {:type, _, :map_field_assoc, {:atom, _, :__struct__}, {:atom, _, TestTypespec}}
-           ]}, []}] = types(module)
-  end
-
   test "@type unquote fragment" do
     module = test_module do
       quoted = quote unquote: false do
@@ -473,11 +510,16 @@ defmodule Kernel.TypespecTest do
       (quote do: @type opts() :: [first: integer(), step: integer(), last: integer()]),
       (quote do: @type ops() :: {+1,-1}),
       (quote do: @type my_map() :: %{hello: :world}),
-      (quote do: @type my_struct() :: %User{hello: :world}),
+      (quote do: @type my_struct() :: %Kernel.TypespecTest{hello: :world}),
+      (quote do: @type list1() :: list()),
+      (quote do: @type list2() :: [0]),
+      (quote do: @type list3() :: [...]),
+      (quote do: @type list4() :: [0, ...]),
+      (quote do: @type nil_list() :: []),
     ] |> Enum.sort
 
     module = test_module do
-      Module.eval_quoted __MODULE__, quote do: (unquote_splicing(quoted))
+      Module.eval_quoted __MODULE__, quoted
     end
 
     types = types(module)

lib/elixir/test/elixir/kernel/warning_test.exs

@@ -20,6 +20,16 @@ defmodule Kernel.WarningTest do
     purge Sample
   end
 
+  test :underscored_variable_on_match do
+    assert capture_err(fn ->
+      Code.eval_string """
+      {_arg, _arg} = {1, 1}
+      """
+    end) =~ "warning: the underscored variable \"_arg\" appears more than once in a match"
+  after
+    purge Sample
+  end
+
   test :unused_function do
     assert capture_err(fn ->
       Code.eval_string """
@@ -195,7 +205,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.WarningTest do
         end
       end
       """
-    end) =~ "nofile:5: warning: the guard for this clause evaluates to 'false'"
+    end) =~ "nofile:5: warning: this check/guard will always yield the same result"
 
     assert capture_err(fn ->
       Code.eval_string """
@@ -221,7 +231,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.WarningTest do
         def hello
       end
       """
-    end) =~ "warning: empty clause provided for nonexistent function or macro hello/0"
+    end) =~ "warning: bodyless clause provided for nonexistent def hello/0"
   after
     purge [Sample1]
   end
@@ -347,7 +357,7 @@ defmodule Kernel.WarningTest do
         def a(x) when x in [], do: x
       end
       """
-    end) =~ "warning: the guard for this clause evaluates to 'false'"
+    end) =~ "nofile:2: warning: this check/guard will always yield the same result"
   after
     purge Sample
   end
@@ -482,6 +492,18 @@ defmodule Kernel.WarningTest do
     purge [Sample]
   end
 
+  test :doc_with_no_function do
+    assert capture_err(fn ->
+      Code.eval_string """
+      defmodule Sample do
+        @doc "Something"
+      end
+      """
+    end) =~ "nofile:1: warning: @doc provided but no definition follows it"
+  after
+    purge [Sample]
+  end
+
   defp purge(list) when is_list(list) do
     Enum.each list, &purge/1
   end

lib/elixir/test/elixir/kernel_test.exs

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ defmodule KernelTest do
   dynamic = :dynamic_flatten
   defdelegate unquote(dynamic)(list), to: List, as: :flatten
 
-  test "defdelefate/2" do
+  test "defdelegate/2" do
     assert my_flatten([[1]]) == [1]
   end
 
@@ -191,6 +191,11 @@ defmodule KernelTest do
     assert get_in(users, ["dave", :age]) == nil
     assert get_in(nil, ["josé", :age]) == nil
 
+    map = %{"fruits" => ["banana", "apple", "orange"]}
+    assert get_in(map, ["fruits", by_index(0)])  == "banana"
+    assert get_in(map, ["fruits", by_index(3)])  == nil
+    assert get_in(map, ["unknown", by_index(3)]) == :oops
+
     assert_raise FunctionClauseError, fn ->
       get_in(users, [])
     end
@@ -199,18 +204,16 @@ defmodule KernelTest do
   test "put_in/3" do
     users = %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
 
-    assert put_in(nil, ["josé", :age], 28) ==
-           %{"josé" => %{age: 28}}
-
     assert put_in(users, ["josé", :age], 28) ==
            %{"josé" => %{age: 28}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
 
-    assert put_in(users, ["dave", :age], 19) ==
-           %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}, "dave" => %{age: 19}}
-
     assert_raise FunctionClauseError, fn ->
       put_in(users, [], %{})
     end
+
+    assert_raise ArgumentError, "could not put/update key \"josé\" on a nil value", fn ->
+      put_in(nil, ["josé", :age], 28)
+    end
   end
 
   test "put_in/2" do
@@ -222,14 +225,10 @@ defmodule KernelTest do
     assert put_in(users["josé"][:age], 28) ==
            %{"josé" => %{age: 28}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
 
-    assert put_in(users["dave"][:age], 19) ==
-           %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}, "dave" => %{age: 19}}
-
-
     assert put_in(users["josé"].age, 28) ==
            %{"josé" => %{age: 28}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
 
-    assert_raise ArgumentError, fn ->
+    assert_raise ArgumentError, "could not put/update key :age. Expected map/struct, got: nil", fn ->
       put_in(users["dave"].age, 19)
     end
 
@@ -241,36 +240,28 @@ defmodule KernelTest do
   test "update_in/3" do
     users = %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
 
-    assert update_in(nil, ["josé", :age], fn nil -> 28 end) ==
-           %{"josé" => %{age: 28}}
-
     assert update_in(users, ["josé", :age], &(&1 + 1)) ==
            %{"josé" => %{age: 28}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
 
-    assert update_in(users, ["dave", :age], fn nil -> 19 end) ==
-           %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}, "dave" => %{age: 19}}
-
     assert_raise FunctionClauseError, fn ->
       update_in(users, [], fn _ -> %{} end)
     end
+
+    assert_raise ArgumentError, "could not put/update key \"josé\" on a nil value", fn ->
+      update_in(nil, ["josé", :age], fn _ -> %{} end)
+    end
   end
 
   test "update_in/2" do
     users = %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
 
-    assert update_in(nil["josé"][:age], fn nil -> 28 end) ==
-           %{"josé" => %{age: 28}}
-
     assert update_in(users["josé"][:age], &(&1 + 1)) ==
            %{"josé" => %{age: 28}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
 
-    assert update_in(users["dave"][:age], fn nil -> 19 end) ==
-           %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}, "dave" => %{age: 19}}
-
     assert update_in(users["josé"].age, &(&1 + 1)) ==
            %{"josé" => %{age: 28}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
 
-    assert_raise ArgumentError, fn ->
+    assert_raise ArgumentError, "could not put/update key :age. Expected map/struct, got: nil", fn ->
       update_in(users["dave"].age, &(&1 + 1))
     end
 
@@ -282,12 +273,19 @@ defmodule KernelTest do
   test "get_and_update_in/3" do
     users = %{"josé" => %{age: 27}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}
 
-    assert get_and_update_in(nil, ["josé", :age], fn nil -> {:ok, 28} end) ==
-           {:ok, %{"josé" => %{age: 28}}}
-
     assert get_and_update_in(users, ["josé", :age], &{&1, &1 + 1}) ==
            {27, %{"josé" => %{age: 28}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}}
 
+    map = %{"fruits" => ["banana", "apple", "orange"]}
+    assert get_and_update_in(map, ["fruits", by_index(0)], &{&1, String.reverse(&1)}) ==
+           {"banana", %{"fruits" => ["ananab", "apple", "orange"]}}
+
+    assert get_and_update_in(map, ["fruits", by_index(3)], &{&1, &1}) ==
+           {nil, %{"fruits" => ["banana", "apple", "orange"]}}
+
+    assert get_and_update_in(map, ["unknown", by_index(3)], &{&1, []}) ==
+           {:oops, %{"fruits" => ["banana", "apple", "orange"], "unknown" => []}}
+
     assert_raise FunctionClauseError, fn ->
       update_in(users, [], fn _ -> %{} end)
     end
@@ -302,7 +300,7 @@ defmodule KernelTest do
     assert get_and_update_in(users["josé"].age, &{&1, &1 + 1}) ==
            {27, %{"josé" => %{age: 28}, "eric" => %{age: 23}}}
 
-    assert_raise ArgumentError, fn ->
+    assert_raise ArgumentError, "could not put/update key :age. Expected map/struct, got: nil", fn ->
       get_and_update_in(users["dave"].age, &{&1, &1 + 1})
     end
 
@@ -319,7 +317,7 @@ defmodule KernelTest do
     assert put_in(KernelTest.empty_map()[:foo], "bar") == %{foo: "bar"}
     assert put_in(__MODULE__.empty_map()[:foo], "bar") == %{foo: "bar"}
 
-    assert_raise ArgumentError, ~r"access at least one field,", fn ->
+    assert_raise ArgumentError, ~r"access at least one element,", fn ->
       Code.eval_quoted(quote(do: put_in(map, "bar")), [])
     end
 
@@ -330,6 +328,18 @@ defmodule KernelTest do
 
   def empty_map, do: %{}
 
+  def by_index(index) do
+    fn
+      _, nil, next ->
+        next.(:oops)
+      :get, data, next ->
+        next.(Enum.at(data, index))
+      :get_and_update, data, next ->
+        {get, update} = next.(Enum.at(data, index))
+        {get, List.replace_at(data, index, update)}
+    end
+  end
+
   defmodule PipelineOp do
     use ExUnit.Case, async: true
 
@@ -349,12 +359,9 @@ defmodule KernelTest do
       assert Enum.map([1, 2, 3], &(&1 |> twice |> twice)) == [4, 8, 12]
     end
 
-    test "non-call" do
+    test "anonymous functions" do
       assert  1  |> (&(&1*2)).() == 2
       assert [1] |> (&hd(&1)).() == 1
-
-      import CompileAssertion
-      assert_compile_fail ArgumentError, "cannot pipe 1 into 2", "1 |> 2"
     end
 
     defp twice(a), do: a * 2

lib/elixir/test/elixir/macro_test.exs

@@ -275,6 +275,16 @@ defmodule MacroTest do
     assert Macro.to_string(quote do: Foo.Bar.baz([1, 2, 3])) == "Foo.Bar.baz([1, 2, 3])"
   end
 
+  test :sigil_call_to_string do
+    assert Macro.to_string(quote do: ~r"123") == ~s/~r"123"/
+    assert Macro.to_string(quote do: ~r"123"u) == ~s/~r"123"u/
+    assert Macro.to_string(quote do: ~r"\n123") == ~s/~r"\\\\n123"/
+
+    assert Macro.to_string(quote do: ~R"123") == ~s/~R"123"/
+    assert Macro.to_string(quote do: ~R"123"u) == ~s/~R"123"u/
+    assert Macro.to_string(quote do: ~R"\n123") == ~s/~R"\\\\n123"/
+  end
+
   test :arrow_to_string do
     assert Macro.to_string(quote do: foo(1, (2 -> 3))) == "foo(1, (2 -> 3))"
   end
@@ -479,7 +489,7 @@ defmodule MacroTest do
     assert Macro.pipe(1, quote(do: foo), -1) == quote(do: foo(1))
     assert Macro.pipe(2, quote(do: foo(1)), -1) == quote(do: foo(1, 2))
 
-    assert_raise ArgumentError, "cannot pipe 1 into 2", fn ->
+    assert_raise ArgumentError, ~r"cannot pipe 1 into 2", fn ->
       Macro.pipe(1, 2, 0)
     end
   end

lib/elixir/test/elixir/module/locals_tracker_test.exs

@@ -54,6 +54,19 @@ defmodule Module.LocalsTrackerTest do
     assert {:private, 1} in D.reachable(config[:pid])
   end
 
+  test "can yank and reattach nodes", config do
+    D.add_definition(config[:pid], :def, {:foo, 1})
+    D.add_local(config[:pid], {:foo, 1}, {:bar, 1})
+    D.add_definition(config[:pid], :defp, {:bar, 1})
+
+    {infoo, outfoo}   = D.yank(config[:pid], {:foo, 1})
+    {inbar, outbar} = D.yank(config[:pid], {:bar, 1})
+
+    D.reattach(config[:pid], :defp, {:bar, 1}, {inbar, outbar})
+    D.reattach(config[:pid], :def, {:foo, 1}, {infoo, outfoo})
+    assert {:bar, 1} in D.reachable(config[:pid])
+  end
+
   @unused [
     {{:private, 1}, :defp, 0}
   ]
@@ -62,11 +75,11 @@ defmodule Module.LocalsTrackerTest do
     D.add_definition(config[:pid], :def, {:public, 1})
 
     unused = D.collect_unused_locals(config[:pid], @unused)
-    assert unused == [{:unused_def, {:private, 1}, :defp}]
+    assert unused == {[private: 1], [{:unused_def, {:private, 1}, :defp}]}
 
     D.add_local(config[:pid], {:public, 1}, {:private, 1})
     unused = D.collect_unused_locals(config[:pid], @unused)
-    refute unused == [{:unused_def, {:private, 1}, :defp}]
+    assert unused == {[], []}
   end
 
   @unused [
@@ -77,25 +90,25 @@ defmodule Module.LocalsTrackerTest do
     D.add_definition(config[:pid], :def, {:public, 1})
 
     unused = D.collect_unused_locals(config[:pid], @unused)
-    assert unused == [{:unused_def, {:private, 3}, :defp}]
+    assert unused == {[private: 3], [{:unused_def, {:private, 3}, :defp}]}
 
     D.add_local(config[:pid], {:public, 1}, {:private, 3})
     unused = D.collect_unused_locals(config[:pid], @unused)
-    assert unused == [{:unused_args, {:private, 3}}]
+    assert unused == {[], [unused_args: {:private, 3}]}
   end
 
   test "private definitions with some unused default arguments", config do
     D.add_definition(config[:pid], :def, {:public, 1})
     D.add_local(config[:pid], {:public, 1}, {:private, 1})
     unused = D.collect_unused_locals(config[:pid], @unused)
-    assert unused == [{:unused_args, {:private, 3}, 1}]
+    assert unused == {[private: 3], [{:unused_args, {:private, 3}, 1}]}
   end
 
   test "private definitions with all used default arguments", config do
     D.add_definition(config[:pid], :def, {:public, 1})
     D.add_local(config[:pid], {:public, 1}, {:private, 0})
     unused = D.collect_unused_locals(config[:pid], @unused)
-    assert unused == []
+    assert unused == {[private: 3], []}
   end
 
   ## Defaults
@@ -147,4 +160,15 @@ defmodule Module.LocalsTrackerTest do
     D.add_import(config[:pid], {:foo, 2}, Module, {:conflict, 1})
     assert {[Module], :conflict, 1} in D.collect_imports_conflicts(config[:pid], [conflict: 1])
   end
+
+  defmodule NoPrivate do
+    defmacrop foo(), do: bar()
+    defp bar(), do: :baz
+    def baz(), do: foo()
+  end
+
+  test "does not include unreachable locals" do
+    assert NoPrivate.module_info(:functions) ==
+           [__info__: 1, baz: 0, module_info: 0, module_info: 1]
+  end
 end

lib/elixir/test/elixir/option_parser_test.exs

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ defmodule OptionParserTest do
     assert OptionParser.parse(["--no-bool"], strict: [])
            == {[], [], [{"--no-bool", nil}]}
     assert OptionParser.parse(["--no-bool=...", "other"])
-           == {[], ["other"], [{"--no-bool", "..."}]}
+           == {[no_bool: "..."], ["other"], []}
   end
 
   test "does not parse -- as an alias" do
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ defmodule OptionParserTest do
     assert OptionParser.parse(["--value"], switches: [value: :string])
            == {[], [], [{"--value", nil}]}
     assert OptionParser.parse(["--no-value"], switches: [value: :string])
-           == {[], [], [{"--no-value", nil}]}
+           == {[no_value: true], [], []}
   end
 
   test "parses configured integers" do
@@ -134,11 +134,6 @@ defmodule OptionParserTest do
            == {[], ["foo"], [{"--value", "WAT"}]}
   end
 
-  test "parses no switches as flags" do
-    assert OptionParser.parse(["--no-docs", "foo"])
-           == {[no_docs: true], ["foo"], []}
-  end
-
   test "overrides options by default" do
     assert OptionParser.parse(["--require", "foo", "--require", "bar", "baz"])
            == {[require: "bar"], ["baz"], []}
@@ -157,17 +152,17 @@ defmodule OptionParserTest do
   end
 
   test "stops on --" do
-    options = OptionParser.parse(["--source", "from_docs/", "--", "1", "2", "3"])
-    assert options == {[source: "from_docs/"], ["1", "2", "3"], []}
+    options = OptionParser.parse(["--source", "foo", "--", "1", "2", "3"])
+    assert options == {[source: "foo"], ["1", "2", "3"], []}
 
-    options = OptionParser.parse_head(["--source", "from_docs/", "--", "1", "2", "3"])
-    assert options == {[source: "from_docs/"], ["1", "2", "3"], []}
+    options = OptionParser.parse_head(["--source", "foo", "--", "1", "2", "3"])
+    assert options == {[source: "foo"], ["1", "2", "3"], []}
 
-    options = OptionParser.parse(["--no-dash", "foo", "bar", "--", "-x"])
-    assert options == {[no_dash: true], ["foo", "bar", "-x"], []}
+    options = OptionParser.parse(["--source", "foo", "bar", "--", "-x"])
+    assert options == {[source: "foo"], ["bar", "-x"], []}
 
-    options = OptionParser.parse_head(["--no-dash", "foo", "bar", "--", "-x"])
-    assert options == {[no_dash: true], ["foo", "bar", "--", "-x"], []}
+    options = OptionParser.parse_head(["--source", "foo", "bar", "--", "-x"])
+    assert options == {[source: "foo"], ["bar", "--", "-x"], []}
   end
 
   test "goes beyond the first non option arguments" do
@@ -288,6 +283,35 @@ defmodule OptionParserTest do
     assert OptionParser.next(["--bool=", "..."], config)
            == {:invalid, "--bool", "", ["..."]}
     assert OptionParser.next(["--no-bool=", "..."], config)
-           == {:undefined, "--no-bool", "", ["..."]}
+           == {:invalid, "--no-bool", "", ["..."]}
+  end
+
+  test "split" do
+    assert OptionParser.split(~S[])
+           == []
+
+    assert OptionParser.split(~S[foo])
+           == ["foo"]
+
+    assert OptionParser.split(~S[foo bar])
+           == ["foo", "bar"]
+
+    assert OptionParser.split(~S[  foo  bar  ])
+           == ["foo", "bar"]
+
+    assert OptionParser.split(~S[foo\ bar])
+           == ["foo bar"]
+
+    assert OptionParser.split(~S[foo" bar"])
+           == ["foo bar"]
+
+    assert OptionParser.split(~S[foo\" bar\"])
+           == ["foo\"", "bar\""]
+
+    assert OptionParser.split(~S[foo "\ bar\""])
+           == ["foo", "\\ bar\""]
+
+    assert OptionParser.split(~S[foo '\"bar"\'\ '])
+           == ["foo", "\\\"bar\"'\\ "]
   end
 end

lib/elixir/test/elixir/path_test.exs

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ defmodule PathTest do
   end
 
   if is_win? do
-    test :relative do
+    test :relative_win do
       assert Path.relative("C:/usr/local/bin")    == "usr/local/bin"
       assert Path.relative("C:\\usr\\local\\bin") == "usr\\local\\bin"
       assert Path.relative("C:usr\\local\\bin")   == "usr\\local\\bin"
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ defmodule PathTest do
       assert Path.relative("../usr/local/bin") == "../usr/local/bin"
     end
 
-    test :type do
+    test :type_win do
       assert Path.type("C:/usr/local/bin")    == :absolute
       assert Path.type('C:\\usr\\local\\bin') == :absolute
       assert Path.type("C:usr\\local\\bin")   == :volumerelative
@@ -49,15 +49,20 @@ defmodule PathTest do
       assert Path.type('usr/local/bin')    == :relative
       assert Path.type("../usr/local/bin") == :relative
     end
+
+    test :split_win do
+      assert Path.split("C:\\foo\\bar") == ["c:/", "foo", "bar"]
+      assert Path.split("C:/foo/bar") == ["c:/", "foo", "bar"]
+    end
   else
-    test :relative do
+    test :relative_unix do
       assert Path.relative("/usr/local/bin")   == "usr/local/bin"
       assert Path.relative("usr/local/bin")    == "usr/local/bin"
       assert Path.relative("../usr/local/bin") == "../usr/local/bin"
       assert Path.relative(['/usr', ?/, "local/bin"]) == "usr/local/bin"
     end
 
-    test :type do
+    test :type_unix do
       assert Path.type("/usr/local/bin")   == :absolute
       assert Path.type("usr/local/bin")    == :relative
       assert Path.type("../usr/local/bin") == :relative
@@ -201,7 +206,7 @@ defmodule PathTest do
     assert Path.join([?/, "foo"], "./bar") == "/foo/bar"
   end
 
-  test :split_with_binary do
+  test :split do
     assert Path.split("") == []
     assert Path.split("foo") == ["foo"]
     assert Path.split("/foo/bar") == ["/", "foo", "bar"]

lib/elixir/test/elixir/record_test.exs

@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ defmodule RecordTest do
 
     user(name: name) = record
     assert name == "Eric"
+
+    assert user(:name) == 1
   end
 
   test "records with no tag" do
@@ -76,6 +78,16 @@ defmodule RecordTest do
   test "records with dynamic arguments" do
     record = file_info()
     assert file_info(record, :size) == :undefined
+
+    record = user()
+    assert user(record) == [name: "José", age: 25]
+    assert user(user()) == [name: "José", age: 25]
+
+    msg = "expected argument to be a literal atom, literal keyword or a :file_info record, " <>
+          "got runtime: {RecordTest, \"José\", 25}"
+    assert_raise ArgumentError, msg, fn ->
+      file_info(record)
+    end
   end
 
   test "records visibility" do

lib/elixir/test/elixir/regex_test.exs

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ defmodule RegexTest do
     assert Regex.regex?(regex)
     assert {:error, _} = Regex.compile("*foo")
     assert {:error, _} = Regex.compile("foo", "y")
+    assert {:error, _} = Regex.compile("foo", "uy")
   end
 
   test :compile_with_erl_opts do
@@ -80,6 +81,10 @@ defmodule RegexTest do
     assert "josé" =~ ~r"\p{Latin}$"u
     refute "£" =~ ~r/\p{Lu}/u
 
+    # Non breaking space matches [[:space:]] with unicode
+    assert <<0xA0::utf8>> =~ ~r/[[:space:]]/u
+    assert <<0xA0::utf8>> =~ ~r/\s/u
+
     assert <<?<, 255, ?>>> =~ ~r/<.>/
     refute <<?<, 255, ?>>> =~ ~r/<.>/u
   end

lib/elixir/test/elixir/stream_test.exs

@@ -282,6 +282,16 @@ defmodule StreamTest do
     assert Process.get(:stream_flat_map)
   end
 
+  test "flat_map/2 with inner flat_map/2" do
+    stream = Stream.flat_map(1..5, fn x ->
+      Stream.flat_map([x], fn x ->
+        x .. x * x
+      end) |> Stream.map(& &1 * 1)
+    end)
+
+    assert Enum.take(stream, 5) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 3]
+  end
+
   test "into/2 and run/1" do
     Process.put(:stream_cont, [])
     Process.put(:stream_done, false)

lib/elixir/test/elixir/string/chars_test.exs

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ defmodule String.Chars.ErrorsTest do
     assert_raise Protocol.UndefinedError,
                  "protocol String.Chars not implemented for <<0, 1::size(4)>>, " <>
                  "cannot convert a bitstring to a string", fn ->
-      to_string(<<1 :: [size(12), integer, signed]>>)
+      to_string(<<1 :: size(12)-integer-signed>>)
     end
   end
 

lib/elixir/test/elixir/system_test.exs

@@ -4,20 +4,20 @@ defmodule SystemTest do
   use ExUnit.Case
   import PathHelpers
 
-  test "build_info" do
+  test "build_info/0" do
     assert is_map System.build_info
     assert not nil?(System.build_info[:version])
     assert not nil?(System.build_info[:tag])
     assert not nil?(System.build_info[:date])
   end
 
-  test "cwd" do
+  test "cwd/0" do
     assert is_binary System.cwd
     assert is_binary System.cwd!
   end
 
   if :file.native_name_encoding == :utf8 do
-    test "cwd_with_utf8" do
+    test "cwd/0 with utf8" do
       File.mkdir_p(tmp_path("héllò"))
 
       File.cd!(tmp_path("héllò"), fn ->
@@ -28,17 +28,17 @@ defmodule SystemTest do
     end
   end
 
-  test "user_home" do
+  test "user_home/0" do
     assert is_binary System.user_home
     assert is_binary System.user_home!
   end
 
-  test "tmp_dir" do
+  test "tmp_dir/0" do
     assert is_binary System.tmp_dir
     assert is_binary System.tmp_dir!
   end
 
-  test "argv" do
+  test "argv/0" do
     list = elixir('-e "IO.inspect System.argv" -- -o opt arg1 arg2 --long-opt 10')
     {args, _} = Code.eval_string list, []
     assert args == ["-o", "opt", "arg1", "arg2", "--long-opt", "10"]
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ defmodule SystemTest do
 
   @test_var "SYSTEM_ELIXIR_ENV_TEST_VAR"
 
-  test "env" do
+  test "*_env/*" do
     assert System.get_env(@test_var) == nil
     System.put_env(@test_var, "SAMPLE")
     assert System.get_env(@test_var) == "SAMPLE"
@@ -59,20 +59,17 @@ defmodule SystemTest do
     assert System.get_env(@test_var) == "OTHER_SAMPLE"
   end
 
-  test "cmd" do
-    assert is_binary(System.cmd "echo hello")
-    assert is_list(System.cmd 'echo hello')
+  test "cmd/1" do
+    assert {"hello\n", 0} = System.cmd "echo", ["hello"]
+
+    opts = [into: [], cd: System.cwd!, env: %{"foo" => "bar"},
+            arg0: "hecho", stderr_to_stdout: true, parallelism: true]
+    assert {["hello\n"], 0} = System.cmd "echo", ["hello"], opts
   end
 
-  test "find_executable with binary" do
+  test "find_executable/1" do
     assert System.find_executable("erl")
     assert is_binary System.find_executable("erl")
     assert !System.find_executable("does-not-really-exist-from-elixir")
   end
-
-  test "find_executable with list" do
-    assert System.find_executable('erl')
-    assert is_list System.find_executable('erl')
-    assert !System.find_executable('does-not-really-exist-from-elixir')
-  end
 end

lib/elixir/test/erlang/control_test.erl

@@ -253,13 +253,19 @@ oror_test() ->
   end,
   test_helper:run_and_remove(F, ['Elixir.Bar']).
 
+cond_line_test() ->
+  {'case',1,_,
+    [{clause,2,_,_,_},
+     {clause,3,_,_,_}]
+  } = to_erl("cond do\n  1 -> :ok\n  2 -> :ok\nend").
+
 % Optimized
 
 optimized_if_test() ->
   {'case', _, _,
     [{clause,_,[{atom,_,false}],[],[{atom,_,else}]},
      {clause,_,[{atom,_,true}],[],[{atom,_,do}]}]
- } = to_erl("if is_list([]), do: :do, else: :else").
+  } = to_erl("if is_list([]), do: :do, else: :else").
 
 optimized_andand_test() ->
   {'case', _, _,
@@ -268,7 +274,7 @@ optimized_andand_test() ->
       [[{op,_,'orelse',_,_}]],
       [{var,_,Var}]},
     {clause,_,[{var,_,'_'}],[],[{atom,0,done}]}]
- } = to_erl("is_list([]) && :done").
+  } = to_erl("is_list([]) && :done").
 
 optimized_oror_test() ->
   {'case', _, _,
@@ -277,7 +283,7 @@ optimized_oror_test() ->
       [[{op,1,'orelse',_,_}]],
       [{atom,0,done}]},
     {clause,1,[{var,1,Var}],[],[{var,1,Var}]}]
- } = to_erl("is_list([]) || :done").
+  } = to_erl("is_list([]) || :done").
 
 no_after_in_try_test() ->
   {'try', _, [_], [_], _, []} = to_erl("try do :foo.bar() else _ -> :ok end").

lib/ex_unit/lib/ex_unit.ex

@@ -74,11 +74,18 @@ defmodule ExUnit do
       * `:tags`  - the test tags
 
     """
-    defstruct name: nil :: atom,
-              case: nil :: module,
-              state: nil :: ExUnit.state,
-              time: 0 :: non_neg_integer,
-              tags: %{} :: map
+    defstruct name: nil,
+              case: nil,
+              state: nil,
+              time: 0,
+              tags: %{}
+
+    @type t :: %__MODULE__{
+                 name: atom,
+                 case: module,
+                 state: ExUnit.state,
+                 time: non_neg_integer,
+                 tags: map}
   end
 
   defmodule TestCase do
@@ -92,9 +99,14 @@ defmodule ExUnit do
       * `:tests` - all tests for this case
 
     """
-    defstruct name: nil :: module,
-              state: nil :: ExUnit.state,
-              tests: [] :: [ExUnit.Test.t]
+    defstruct name: nil,
+              state: nil,
+              tests: []
+
+    @type t :: %__MODULE__{
+                 name: module,
+                 state: ExUnit.state,
+                 tests: [ExUnit.Test.t]}
   end
 
   use Application
@@ -120,8 +132,7 @@ defmodule ExUnit do
   If you want to run tests manually, you can set `:autorun` to `false`.
   """
   def start(options \\ []) do
-    Application.start(:elixir)
-    Application.start(:ex_unit)
+    {:ok, _} = Application.ensure_all_started(:ex_unit)
 
     configure(options)
 
@@ -132,7 +143,7 @@ defmodule ExUnit do
         0 ->
           %{failures: failures} = ExUnit.run
           System.at_exit fn _ ->
-            if failures > 0, do: System.halt(1)
+            if failures > 0, do: exit({:shutdown, 1})
           end
         _ ->
           :ok

lib/ex_unit/lib/ex_unit/doc_test.ex

@@ -339,6 +339,13 @@ defmodule ExUnit.DocTest do
 
   defp extract(module) do
     all_docs = Code.get_docs(module, :all)
+
+    unless all_docs do
+      raise Error, message:
+        "could not retrieve the documentation for module #{inspect module}. " <>
+        "The module was not compiled with documentation or its beam file cannot be accessed"
+    end
+
     moduledocs = extract_from_moduledoc(all_docs[:moduledoc])
 
     docs = for doc <- all_docs[:docs] do

lib/ex_unit/lib/ex_unit/runner.ex

@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ defmodule ExUnit.Runner do
   end
 
   defp shuffle(%{seed: seed}, list) do
-    :random.seed(3172, 9814, seed)
+    _ = :random.seed(3172, 9814, seed)
     Enum.shuffle(list)
   end