Ensure dbg module is a compile-time dependency

Related to #12892.

lib/elixir/lib/kernel.ex

@@ -6022,7 +6022,7 @@ defmodule Kernel do
   @doc since: "1.14.0"
   defmacro dbg(code \\ quote(do: binding()), options \\ []) do
     {mod, fun, args} = Application.compile_env!(__CALLER__, :elixir, :dbg_callback)
-    apply(mod, fun, [code, options, __CALLER__ | args])
+    Macro.compile_apply(mod, fun, [code, options, __CALLER__ | args], __CALLER__)
   end
 
   ## Sigils

lib/elixir/lib/macro.ex

@@ -1758,6 +1758,18 @@ defmodule Macro do
     end
   end
 
+  @doc """
+  Applies a `mod`, `function`, and `args` at compile-time in `caller`.
+
+  This is used when you want to programatically invoke a macro at
+  compile-time.
+  """
+  @doc since: "1.16.0"
+  def compile_apply(mod, fun, args, caller) do
+    :elixir_env.trace({:remote_macro, [], mod, fun, length(args)}, caller)
+    Kernel.apply(mod, fun, args)
+  end
+
   @doc """
   Receives an AST node and expands it once.
 
@@ -2322,7 +2334,7 @@ defmodule Macro do
   ## Atom handling
 
   @doc """
-  Classifies a runtime `atom` based on its possible AST placement.
+  Classifies an `atom` based on its possible AST placement.
 
   It returns one of the following atoms:
 

lib/elixir/test/elixir/kernel/lexical_tracker_test.exs

@@ -334,6 +334,31 @@ defmodule Kernel.LexicalTrackerTest do
       assert URI in runtime
     end
 
+    test "dbg adds a compile dependency" do
+      {{compile, exports, runtime, _}, _binding} =
+        Code.eval_string("""
+        defmodule Kernel.LexicalTrackerTest.Dbg do
+          def foo, do: dbg(:ok)
+          Kernel.LexicalTracker.references(__ENV__.lexical_tracker)
+        end |> elem(3)
+        """)
+
+      assert Macro in compile
+      refute Macro in exports
+      refute Macro in runtime
+
+      {{compile, exports, runtime, _}, _binding} =
+        Code.eval_string("""
+        defmodule Kernel.LexicalTrackerTest.NoDbg do
+          Kernel.LexicalTracker.references(__ENV__.lexical_tracker)
+        end |> elem(3)
+        """)
+
+      refute Macro in compile
+      refute Macro in exports
+      refute Macro in runtime
+    end
+
     test "imports adds an export dependency" do
       {{compile, exports, runtime, _}, _binding} =
         Code.eval_string("""