{
  lib,
  python3Packages,
  fetchFromGitHub,
  fetchPypi,
  fetchurl,
}:

let
  # Internal dependency: pyzotero (not in nixpkgs)
  pyzotero = python3Packages.buildPythonPackage rec {
    pname = "pyzotero";
    version = "1.14.0";
    format = "wheel";

    src = fetchPypi {
      inherit pname version;
      format = "wheel";
      dist = "py3";
      python = "py3";
      hash = "sha256-OUoU8HTEFwVfzqopcLWUzpJaYJTJ09zIpzTgdCbs9BU=";
    };

    propagatedBuildInputs = with python3Packages; [
      feedparser
      bibtexparser
      httpx
      whenever
    ];

    doCheck = false;
    pythonImportsCheck = [ "pyzotero" ];

    meta = with lib; {
      description = "Python wrapper for the Zotero API";
      homepage = "https://github.com/urschrei/pyzotero";
      license = licenses.blueOak100;
    };
  };

  # pdf-inspector: Rust with prebuilt abi3 wheels, not in nixpkgs.
  # Pinned exactly (pre-1.0); no Python dependencies of its own.
  pdf-inspector = python3Packages.buildPythonPackage rec {
    pname = "pdf-inspector";
    version = "0.2.6";
    format = "wheel";

    src = fetchurl {
      url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/59/af/be72ab2bd310b6532e4311cf06175eb722802ccea29dbd9281f66c645bd8/pdf_inspector-0.2.6-cp38-abi3-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl";
      hash = "sha256-33bdEAUEtwXOku8sZo8VLwUnfZQqvZSn0/JSy1RI1W0=";
    };

    doCheck = false;
    pythonImportsCheck = [ "pdf_inspector" ];

    meta = with lib; {
      description = "PDF text extraction (Rust, abi3 wheels)";
      homepage = "https://github.com/54yyyu/pdf-inspector";
      license = licenses.mit;
    };
  };
in
python3Packages.buildPythonApplication rec {
  pname = "zotero-mcp";
  version = "0.13.0";
  pyproject = true;

  src = fetchFromGitHub {
    owner = "54yyyu";
    repo = "zotero-mcp";
    rev = "v${version}";
    hash = "sha256-xL54SbaAczkwk4tkan+wVVTv9ACKIC6hcAADI2GTnxk=";
  };

  build-system = with python3Packages; [
    hatchling
  ];

  # Core dependencies (from pyproject.toml v0.13.0)
  dependencies = with python3Packages; [
    pyzotero
    python-dotenv
    pdf-inspector
    markdownify
    pydantic
    requests
    fastmcp
    httpx
    unidecode
    bibtexparser
    # Runtime deps for the annotation/layout/read tools (upstream "pdf" extra).
    # nix's optional-dependencies is passthru-only and installs nothing, so
    # anything needed at runtime must live in this list.
    pymupdf
    ebooklib
  ];

  # Optional extras (semantic search, PDF, scite).
  # NOTE: buildPythonApplication stores these in passthru only and does NOT
  # install them; adding an extra here has no runtime effect.
  optional-dependencies = with python3Packages; {
    semantic = [
      chromadb
      sentence-transformers
      openai
      google-genai
      tiktoken
    ];
    pdf = [
      pymupdf
      ebooklib
    ];
    scite = [
      requests
    ];
  };

  pythonImportsCheck = [ "zotero_mcp" ];

  meta = with lib; {
    description = "MCP server connecting Zotero with AI assistants for research library access";
    homepage = "https://github.com/54yyyu/zotero-mcp";
    license = licenses.mit;
    mainProgram = "zotero-mcp";
    platforms = platforms.all;
  };
}